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Salvia K2 Dre Conference 2010
- 1. Barry K Logan PhD, DABFT Director of Forensic Services IACP DRE Conference 2010 Pittsburgh PA New Highs: Salvia and K2: Solutions for the DRE Program From the Premium Provider of Forensic Services
- 4. Marijuana Most popular recreational drug after alcohol and tobacco. #1 Drug in the DRE program Some 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 14 million do so regularly. Possession and use illegal under federal law, but states have variable policies on enforcement and prosecution. 6.8% of Friday and Saturday evening drivers test positive for use.
- 5. Synthetic Cannabinoids Synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of cannabis. Investigational use for appetite, blood pressure, nausea, etc First synthesized in the 1970’s Sprayed onto dried plant leaves, flowers and stems, and smoked. Legal or unregulated in most US states.
- 6. Marijuana to Spice THC HU-210 CP 47,497 Cannabicyclohexanol
- 7. Clemson Series - JWH JWH-018 JWH-073 JWH-250
- 8. Cannabinoid Mechanism of Action Cerebral Cortex Higher Cognitive Function Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Movement Hippocampus Learning, Memory, Stress Hypothalamus Appetite Spinal Chord Pain, Peripheral sensation Medulla Nausea, Vomiting
- 9. Herbals - Botanical Substrate Glycyrrhiza glabra (Cultivated Liquorice) Astragalus membranaceus (Milk Vetch) Verbascum thapsus (Common Mullein) (Uchiyama et al, 2010)
- 12. Synthetic Cannabinoids – Drug ID JWH-018 JWH-073 JWH-200 HU-210/11 JWH-019 JWH-200 WIN 55,212 JWH-015 JWH-133 JWH-250 CP55,940 CP 47,497 (n=7) CP 47,497 (n=8)
- 13. K2 Blends - Drug Content (* Uchiyama et al, 2010) JWH-018 (mg/g) JWH-073 (mg/g) CP47,497 (n=8) (mg/g) JWH-250 (mg/g) K2 Blonde 12 13 - - K2 Standard 9 9 - - K2 Citron 10 10 - - K2* (Unknown) - - 6 - K2 Summit 11 9 - - K2 Blue 15 - - - K2 Pink 11 - - - K2 Latte 16 0.28 - 14 K2 Mint 19 0.30 - - K2 Silver 8 - - 16 Spike Gold 20 11 - - Spike Maxx 17 - - 19 Spike Diamond 17 0.07 - - Spike Silver 9 16 - - Space 10 - - - Herbal blends* 2.0 – 35.9 - 1.1 – 16.9 -
- 19. Target analytes Matrix Analytes Blood Serum Oral Fluid (Refrigerate) Parent Compounds – JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, HU-210, HU-211, JWH-019, JWH-200 WIN 55,212, JWH-015, JWH-133, JWH-250, CP55,940, CP 47,497 (n=7) CP 47,497 (n=8) … Urine (Freeze) Ring monohydroxylated metabolites - glucuronidated Ring dihydroxylated metabolites - glucuronidated Desmethyl ring hydroxylated metabolites - glucuronidated
- 21. K2 use and the DRE Matrix * High doses Drug Symptom Matrix CNS Depressant Inhalants Dissociative Drugs CNS Stimulants Hallucinogens Narcotic analgesics Cannabis K2 Horizontal nystagmus Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Vertical Nystagmus Present * Present* Present No No No No No Lack of Convergence Present Present Present No No No Present Present Pupil Size Normal Normal Normal Dilated Dilated Constricted Dilated* Normal Reaction to Light Slow Slow Normal Slow Normal Little to none Normal Normal Pulse Rate Down Up Up Up Up Down Up Up Blood Pressure Down Up/Down Up Up Up Down Up Up Body Temperature Normal Up/Down/Normal up Up Up Down Normal Normal
- 27. Salvia Divinorum - Effects Gonzalez, et al, 2006 Best Things Worst Things Unpleasant After-Effects The “Trip” 13 Duration 12 Tiredness 4 Happiness 9 Control 5 Heaviness 4 Dissociation 6 After-effects 4 Dizziness 3 Visual Effects 5 Physical fx 3 Exhaustion 3 Rapid onset 3 Intensity 2 Grogginess 1 Great potency 3 Mental slowness 1 Relaxation 2
- 29. Salvia Divinorum - Metabolism Tsujikawa et al, 2009
- 34. Salvinorin A and B – Stability * unpreserved Days 1 2 9 14 28 Blood NaF 25 o C N/ Y N/ Y N/ Y N N Blood NaF 4 o C N/ Y N/ Y N/ Y N N Blood NaF -20 o C Y Y Y Y Y Plasma NaF 25 o C Y Y Y Y N Plasma NaF 4 o C Y Y Y Y Y Plasma NaF -20 o C Y Y Y Y Y Urine* 25 o C Y Y N/ Y N N Urine* 4 o C Y Y Y Y Y Urine* -20 o C Y Y Y Y Y
Editor's Notes
- There are at least two subtypes of the cannabinoid receptor - CB1 and CB2 receptors. The CB1 receptors are highly expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. Specifically, the CB1 receptors are highly expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and spinal cord. This distribution accounts for the effects of cannabinoids on memory, cognition and movement. Both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G-proteins. Activation of the cannabinoid receptors causes inhibition of adenylate cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cAMP in the cell, resulting in the inhibition of neurotransmission. CB2 receptors are mainly expressed on T cells of the immune system, on macrophages and B cells, and in hematopoietic cells
- So called herbal or legal highs became popular in Europe in late 2008. Analysis of the materials in a laboratories in Germany, found the presence of HU-210, a true THC analog, first synthesized at Hebrew University if Jerusalem, where the structure of THC was first elucidated, and partial analogs the synthetic compounds CP47,497 (C7 and C8 homologs) first manufactured by pfizer. These went by the names Spice, Spice Gold, Smoke, Sence, Space, Other materials were found to
- This series of compounds were first synthesized by Walter Huffman and his group at Clemson in 1998 and were shown to have potent Cannabinoid receptor binding. They have recently been identified as being the common components of a series of “incense blends” being sold as K2, and related products, K2 Blonde, K2 Summit, etc.
- Receptor distribution in brain correlates with areas involved in physiological, psychomotor and cognitive effects
- On cell membranes CB1 – primarily central and Cardiovascular CB2 – primarily peripheral – immune system