2. (alcohol)
C alkane
e –ol alkanol
R O H Hydroxyl
groupOH
CH CH3 2
CH3CH2CH2OH
ethyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol
Ex
CH3
CH3CH OH
CH3C OH
CH3
CH3
isopropyl alcohol
tert-butyl alcohol

3. (ether)
R O R'
Hydroxy group O
R R'
CH3CH2OCH3 CH3CH2OCH2CH3
alkoxyalkane
ethyl methyl ether diethyl ether
Ex CH3
CH3C O CH3 CH3CH O
CH3 CH3
tert-butyl methyl ether isopropyl phenyl ether

4. (aldehyde)
O
C
caboxaldehyde group
R H
O
C
R H
alkanal O
O O C
Ex C C
H
H H H3C H
formaldehyde acetaldehyde benzaldehyde

5. (ketone)
O caboxyl
C
group R R'
O
C
R R'
alkanone
O O
O C
Ex C
CH3
C
H3C CH3
acetone acetophenone benzophenone

6. (carboxylic
O acid) caboxyl
C
group R OH
O
C
O R OH O
C C
alkanoic acid
H OH CH3CH2CH2 OH
methanoic acid butanoic acid
Ex O
O C
C CH3CH2 CH OH
H3C OH CH3
ethanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid

7. Ester
O
C R'
alkylcabonyl group
R O
O
O
C
O
CH2CH2Cl -ic
C CH2CH3
acidO
HC
3
ethyl acetate
–ate
ethyl ethanoate
2-chloroethyl benzoate

8. Amine
R NH2
amino
group
R NH2
NH2
CH3CH2NH2
ethanamine aminoalkane
cyclohexanamine
Ex CH3 CH3
CH3CH2CH2 C NH2 H3C C NH2
H H
2-pentanamine 2-propanamine

9. O Amide amide
C
group R NH2
O
C
R NH2
O alkaneamide
O
O
C
Ex
HC
3
C
NH2 NH2 C
(CH3)2CHCH2 NH2
ethanamide
acetamide benzamide 3-methylbutanamide