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Science Talk-091123-廖瑞銘
1. 從國際神經科學發展趨勢
談政大的心腦研究:
以「大腦多巴胺能為你做什麼?」為例
Ruey-Ming Liao (廖瑞銘)
Institute of Neuroscience
Department of Psychology
Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning
National Cheng-Chi University (國立政治大學)
Nov. 23, 2009
3. 54 years ago, James Olds and Peter Milner at
McGill University discovered Intracranial Self
Stimulation (ICSS).
4. Dopamine systems in the brain
• Origins:
– Substantia nigra (A9) 大腦多巴胺系統
– Ventral tegmental area (A10)
• Dopamine pathways:
– Nigrostriatal: A9 to striatum
– Mesolimbic: A10 to nucleus accumbens
– Mesocortical: A10 to prefrontal cortex
A9
A10
6. Why conditioned behavior?
為什麼需要動物制約行為模式進行研究
• Behavior can be classified into three levels
in terms of learning theory in
psychobiology
– reflexive or non-learned: locomotor activity
– stimulus-response (S-R) conditioning
• Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning / S-S
• Operant (instrumental) conditioning / R-S
– cognition
7. 研究方法
• Animal behavioral models (of the rat)
– conditioned place preference
– contrast
– choice
• Pharmacological treatments
– amphetamine & dopamine receptor blocker
• Neurotoxic lesions in dopamine related areas
of the brain
15. Benzodiazepines
& negative contrast
抗焦慮症藥物減弱負向對比行為
Systemic injection of
diazepam attenuates the
negative contrast as
manipulated by shifting
sucrose solution from 32%
down to 4 %.
Liao & Chuang (2003) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 74: 953-960
16. Local infusion of diazepam into amygdala, but not
dorsal hippocampus, attenuated negative contrast.
Liao & Chuang (2003) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 74: 953-960
17. Most of previous data show that
benzodiazepines encounter the
anxiety reaction under the
negative contrast.
Q: Is brain dopamine involved in
the negative contrast?
18. Decreased DA
efflux in nucleus
accumbens and
successive
negative contrast
Phillips et al (2008) Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 90: 236-249
19. increased DA
efflux in nucleus
accumbens and
successive
positive contrast
Phillips et al (2008) Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 90: 236-49
20. Anticipatory contrast (AC)
B1 B2
Control 4% Interval (ISI) 30 s 4%
group Sucrose Sucrose
(unshifted) solution solution
B2
B1
Contrast 4% 32%
Interval (ISI) 30 s
group Sucrose
(shifted)
Sucrose
solution solution
Licking frequency, B2
Licking frequency, B1
預期對比效果
Training sessions (days) Training sessions (days)
26. Is brain dopamine related
to higher order cognition?
behavior learned beyond S-R association
27. Run-climb-run (RCR) behavioral task
• a goal-directed behavior based on reward
motivation
• dopamine dependent
- SCH23390 & raclopride suppress RCR
• from simple motivation to complex choice
– Any motivated behavior can be based on the
analysis of cost and benefit.
28. Choice on RCR:
(high cost high benefit vs. low cost low benefit)
Training phase 1: short rope
Training phase 2: long rope
Test: concurrence choice task
29. Nucleus accumbens, but not dorsolateral striatum,
involved in the choice response on a run-climb-
run behavioral task
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
30. Limbic circuitry involved in drug
reward and addiction behavior
Everitt & Robbins (2005) Nat. Neurosci. 8:1481-9