2. • Participants will learn ways to scaffold
instruction to improve historical writing for
reluctant writers including English Language
Learners, Special Needs students and Gifted
students.
• Participants will learn ways to address needs
of reluctant writers with various modalities of
learning.
Objectives
4. • Lack of access to vocabulary (ELL’s, Special Needs)
• Fear of spelling, grammar and punctuation
• Previous negative experiences with writing
(“bloody” corrections)
• Multiple step process of writing (Researching,
planning, drafting)
• No real relationship to writing
• Not related to testing
Why are students reluctant to write?
5. • Teacher created word bank
• Collaborative word bank
(with students)
• Create Wordle or Word
Cloud
• USC-CALIS Four Worlds as
Word Bank
• https://dornsife.usc.edu/calis/four-worlds-
of-history/
Word Banks=Ingredients
6. • Noun+ Subject = sentence
• Ability to differentiate and scaffold instruction
for ELL’s, Special Needs and GATE
Sentence Frames=Recipe
7. • Make sure to model use
of graphic organizers
• Help transition students
from graphic organizers
to actual writing
(Especially ELL and
Special Needs)
Graphic Organizers
8. Chunking Assignments
•ELL , Special Needs and GATE
student who are reluctant writers
often feel overwhelmed by
writing “an entire essay.”
•Chunking the assignment into
smaller portions helps scaffold
and support instruction for these
students.
•Students may require more time
for written assignments (IEP and
resource support).
•Checklist grading instead of
rubric.
9. • Effective for
kinesthetic/visual
learners
• Makes real connections
to writing
• Inspires more attention
to details
• Multiple perspectives
• Use students’ reflections
for Word Cloud as
springboard
Tableau’s to Increase Writing
10. • Ruth Luevanos
• Pacoima Middle School
• raluevanos@sbcglobal.net
Contact Information
11. Self Regulated Strategy Development
• SRSD is used with English
Language Learners (ELLs)
and in teaching students
with writing deficits.
Dr. Steve Graham,
Arizona State U
Dr. Karen R. Harris,
Arizona State U
12. Steps in SRSD
1. Develop background knowledge
2. Discuss it
3. Model it
4. Memorize it
5. Support it
6. Independent Performance
14. Creating Positive Attitudes Toward Writing
1. establishing an exciting
mood
2. encouraging students to
take risks
3. Using high interest
assignments
4. allowing students to select
topics
5. having students arrange
their own writing space
6. encouraging peer assistance
15. Use Writing to Improve Reading Comp
(Graham & Hebert, 2010)
Social Science researchers generally interpret effect sizes as:
(small = .20; medium = .50; and large = .80)
16. Timeline Transitions
• while
• immediately
• after
• later
• always
• when
• soon
• whenever
• meanwhile
• sometimes
• in the
meantime
• during
• afterwards
• next
• following
• once
• then
• at length
• so far
• this time
17. MEAL Paragraphs
• M – Main Idea: Thesis/Topic Sentence
• E – Evidence: Proof found in primary
source/book/research
• A – Analysis: How the evidence proves
the main idea (explanation/rationale)
• L – Link: How a paragraph fits in to what
the paper is trying to prove.
22. Turn & Talk
• What types of short assignments can you
create so that your students can practice
writing MEAL paragraphs?
23.
24. RAFT Paragraphs
• Role of the writer – helps the writer decide on point
of view and voice.
• Audience for the piece of writing – reminds the
writer that he must communicate ideas to someone
else and helps the writer determine content and
style.
• Format of the material – helps the writer organize
ideas and employ the conventions of format, such as
letters, interviews, and story problems.
• Topic or subject of the piece of writing – helps the
writer focus on main ideas.
25. Sample RAFT Prompts
1. You are a 1950’s Police Officer warning a
white church group about the dangers of
Juvenile Delinquency.
2. You are a Native American WWII veteran
testifying before Congress. Describe how and
why the US Gov. should make life better for
Native Americans.
26. During my serving years as a police officer
there was a 45 percent rise in crime rates.
Why is that? It is due to the juvenile
delinquency. (Random white lady) That is
insane! Yes Ma’am, about 1 million young
people would get into some kind of
criminal trouble. You people should keep
an eye out for the young ones! Also watch
out for your cars! Car thefts have topped
the list of juvenile crimes. Also all you
people should be alarmed due to the
behavior of these young-uns who
belonged to gangs and committed
muggings, rape, and who knows even
murder. (All gasp). Parents listen up to
this. Some cultural critics have claimed
that young people were rebelling against
the hypocrisy and conformity of their
parents. Others blame it on the lack of
discipline. If you have young ones make
sure to keep control of them.
27. The war is over. I have fulfilled my duty.
The government says they want to launch
us into mainstream society. I believe the
plan is called the termination policy. The
word termination means an ending or
final point of something. Our population is
not going to end. We will not be
terminated. Shipping us to Minneapolis,
Minnesota will not make life any better
for us. The living conditions are miserable.
You know that when we come from
reservations we go to stay with family that
lives in just a two bedroom house with
five or six people living in it already, but
where else do we have to go. It has also
been said that we only have been know to
live for 37 years in Minneapolis.
28.
29.
30. Turn & Talk
• How can you use RAFT writing in your class?
Automated essay scorers belong in the students hands because they “change the locus of control, making essay revision a choice led by a student at his or her own pace, instead of a punitive requirement from a teacher.”