There are a number of technologies that may be deployed that all provide the ability for devices to "discover" one another, although over different distances ranging from centimeters (Near Field Communications), to meters (Bluetooth), to 10s of meters (Wi-Fi). They also all provide the ability for the devices to communicate directly with one another without a centralized network. Some of these use direct communication as their primary mode of communication e.g. NFC or RFID.

1. The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services
There are a number of technologies that may be deployed that all provide the ability for devices to "discover"
one another, although over different distances ranging from centimeters (Near Field Communications), to
meters (Bluetooth), to 10s of meters (Wi-Fi). They also all provide the ability for the devices to communicate
directly with one another without a centralized network. Some of these use direct communication as their
primary mode of communication e.g. NFC or RFID. Others are more traditional networks which provide
direct communication ability as an adjunct to their primary network functions e.g. LTE-Direct or Wi-Fi Direct.
Most of the short-term drivers for proximity-based services will be mobile advertising and social networking,
especially friend-finder services or dating services, and gaming. In the longer term, other applications will
come into play within the scope of the so called Internet of Things. The challenge and opportunity for
network operators will be to develop new user scenarios and even new business models to generate revenues
from these services. This research uncovers opportunities that will be both beneficial and disruptive to the
existing ecosystem and value chain. This research is must reading for any company that is considering
offerings within proximity and direct communications and any company that wants to stay ahead of the crowd
in terms of preparation for these disruptive technologies. Target Audience: Mobile network operators
Industry verticals of all types Wireless device manufacturers Network infrastructure companies Advertising
agencies, brands, and merchants Social networks, advertising, and content providers Proximity, location, and
direct communications vendors Key Report Benefits: Market forecasts for each significant
technology/solution approach Recognize the upcoming role and importance of LTE Direct compared to other
solutions Analysis of the major vendors focused on proximity and direct communications solutions
Understand the relationship between proximity, direct communications and the Internet of Things Understand
the technical and business-related differences between proximity/presence and location Identify each of the
major technologies/solutions for proximity detection, location determination, and direct communications
Evaluation of the market for major applications including public safety, social networking, advertising, the
Internet of Things, and general location services Select Companies in Report: 3M Company
Alcatel-Lucent iSIGN LG Nokia Samsung Qualcomm Verizon Wireless
table Of Contents:
1 Executive Summary 7
2 Introduction 8
2.1 Convergence Of Many Technologies 8
2.1.1 Peer-to-peer (p2p) 8
2.1.2 Device-to-device (d2d) Or Machine-to-machine (m2m) 10
2.1.3 Telephones And Computers Converge 11
2.1.4 Internet Of Things 14
2.1.5 From Wan To Pan 15
The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services

2. 2.1.6 Ad-hoc 16
2.1.7 Convergence 17
2.2 Proximity Vs. Location 18
2.2.1 Positioning Technology 18
2.2.2 Personalization 19
2.2.3 Proximity 20
2.3 Gps Solutions Support Different Use Cases 20
2.3.1 Fleet Management 21
2.4 Proximity Use Cases 22
3 Technologies 24
3.1 The "ieee 802 Family" 24
3.2 Standard Wifi (802.11) 26
3.2.1 Overview 26
3.2.2 Background 27
3.2.3 Standards 29
3.2.4 Technology 31
3.2.5 Applications 33
3.3 Wifi-direct (802.11) 34
3.3.1 Overview 34
3.3.2 Technology 35
3.3.3 Applications 36
3.4 Bluetooth (802.15.1) 37
3.4.1 Overview 37
3.4.2 Background 37
3.4.3 Standards 38
3.4.4 Technology 39
3.4.5 Applications 41
3.5 Bluetooth Smart (802.15.1) 42
3.5.1 Overview 42
3.5.2 Background 42
3.5.3 Standards 42
3.5.4 Technology 42
3.5.5 Applications 43
3.6 Wireless Gigabit (wigig) (ieee 802.11ad) 44
3.6.1 Overview 44
3.6.2 Technology 45
3.6.3 Marketplace 46
3.7 Ultrawideband (uwb) (e.g. 802.15.13) 47
3.7.1 Overview 47
3.7.2 Background 48
3.7.3 Standards 48
The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services

3. 3.7.4 Technology 49
3.7.5 Applications 50
3.8 Wimax (802.16) 50
3.8.1 Overview 50
3.8.2 Standards 51
3.8.3 Technology 51
3.9 Zigbee (802.15.4) 52
3.9.1 Overview 52
3.9.2 Standards 52
3.9.3 Technology 53
3.9.4 Applications 54
3.10 Internet Of Things 55
3.10.1 Business Models In The Internet Of Things 57
3.11 Rfid Family 59
3.11.1 Rfid (radio-frequency Identification) 59
3.11.2 Ant/ant+ 63
3.11.3 Nfc (near Field Communication) 66
3.12 Infrared (irda) 67
3.12.1 Overview 67
3.12.2 Standards 67
3.12.3 Technology 68
3.12.4 Applications 69
3.13 Lte-direct 70
3.13.1 Overview 70
3.13.2 From 1g To 4g 70
3.13.3 Background On "flashlinq" And Lte-direct 72
3.13.4 Technology 74
3.13.5 Application 75
3.14 Technology Conclusion 76
4 Applications 77
4.1 Proximity-based Applications For Public Safety 77
4.1.1 Lte-direct And Public Safety 78
4.2 Proximity-based Applications For The Internet Of Things 81
4.2.1 Smartgrid (ami/amr) 81
4.2.2 Security (keyless Entry) 84
4.2.3 Automation 86
4.3 Proximity-based Applications For Social Networking And Advertising 89
4.3.1 Mobile Social Networking Service (mobile Sns) 89
4.3.2 Friend Finder Service (ffs) 92
4.3.3 Recommender Services 94
4.3.4 Proximity-based Advertising 96
The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services

4. 4.4 Proximity-based Applications For Location-based Services 98
4.4.1 Navigation, Guidance And Control (gnc) 98
4.4.2 Navigation 98
4.4.3 Guidance Systems 100
4.4.4 Mobile Augmented Reality System (mars) 100
5 Vendor Solutions Analysis 106
5.1 Infrastructure Providers 106
5.1.1 Qualcomm 106
5.1.2 Alcatel-lucent 108
5.1.3 3m Company 109
5.2 Handset Providers 111
5.2.1 Lg 111
5.2.2 Nokia 112
5.2.3 Samsung 115
5.3 Application Providers 116
5.3.1 Isign 116
5.4 Service Provider Analysis 117
5.4.1 Verizon Wireless 117
6 Market Forecasts 119
6.1 Technology Markets 119
6.1.1 Zigbee 119
6.1.2 Ant/ant+ 120
6.1.3 Wimax 121
6.1.4 Lte/lte-d 121
6.1.5 Wigig 122
6.1.6 Wi-fi 123
6.1.7 Rfid 125
6.1.8 Nfc 126
6.1.9 Bluetooth 127
6.2 Applications Markets 128
6.2.1 Public Safety 128
6.2.2 Internet Of Things 129
6.2.3 Social Networking And Advertising 133
6.2.4 Location-based Services (lbs) 135
6.3 Market Forecast Summary 137
7 Conclusions And Recommendations 141
The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services

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The Future of Direct Communications Technologies and Proximity-based Applications and Services