The document summarizes a student project analyzing the Ömerli Dam reservoir in Istanbul. The students tested water samples to identify microorganisms, measure oxygen and chemical levels. They found the water contains diatoms and low coliform bacteria, indicating it is relatively clean. However, the presence of living organisms means the water would need treatment before human consumption. In conclusion, the project met its goals of characterizing the reservoir's ecosystem and determining the water quality.
2. ÖMERLİ BARAJI Ömerli Barajı is found in Beykoz, İstanbul. It is connected to the river called Riva Deresi. The purpose of the dam is to store water for daily usage and for drinking. The volume of the dam is 1 650 000 cubic meters. The depth of the dam is 53 meters.
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4. PROCESS We took two water samples from Ömerli Barajı as we were doing our project. Immediately, we measured the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water samples. Then we examined the water samples under a microscope. We had a problem when we were doing our project. When we first took the water samples, we couldn’t find much living organisms in the water. Because of this we waited for about a week for them to breed and the population to become large enough to see.
9. BIOLOGICAL ASPECT We found diatoms in the water of Ömerli Barajı. This shows that the water is clean because diatoms live in clean water. We found that there are no coliform bacteria in the water of Ömerli Barajı. This shows that the water of Ömerli Barajı is clean because coliform bacteria are the indicators of pollution. They are found in human faeces. Having organisms living inside the water of Ömerli Barajı indicates that there are enough nutrients in water to support life. We saw photosynthehic organisms, worms and small animals in water. This shows that the water of Ömerli Barajı must not be available as drinking water before removing the organisms from the water.
10. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Purp le (-) Purple (-) Coliform 10 10 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 26 33 Total hardness (ppm) 110 150 Ca hardness (ppm) 0 0 Sulfide (ppm) 0 0 < x < 1 Nitrate (ppm) SAMPLE TWO SAMPLE ONE ÖMERLİ
11. CHEMICAL ASPECT In our test results; Nitrate (NO-3) was found to be “0”. The actual level may be greater than zero because high levels of Chloride (Cl-) will cause this method to give low results even though the level of NO-3 high. There was no color change for Sulfide (S-2) test showing that the levels in our samples are “0” but the actual level might be greater than zero because high Sulfide (S-2) concentrations can prevent color development. Calcium (Ca+2) hardness in our first sample is 150 ppm so our first sample can be classified as “hard”. Calcium (Ca+2) hardness in our second sample is 110 ppm so our second sample can be classified as “moderately hard”. Total hardness of the first sample is 33 ppm and the second one is 26 ppm. These show that our samples can be classified as “soft”. The result for dissolved Oxygen (O2) is 10 ppm for both of our samples. Fish growth and activity usually require 5-6 ppm of dissolved O2 so the result of 10 ppm shows that our samples can be appropriate for living things.
12. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE ECOSYSTEM OF ÖMERLİ BARAJI AND A TYPICAL FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM A typical freshwater ecosystem Living organisms: insect larvae, rotifers, crustaceans, ciliates, desmids, bacteria, ameobas, diatoms, worms, protozoa, fish, plant Ecosystem of Ömerli Barajı Living organisms: fish, plant, arthropoda, nematoda, diatoms, desmids, protista, rotifer, green algae, worm, ciliates, bacteria
13. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE ECOSYSTEM OF ÖMERLİ BARAJI AND A TYPICAL FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM depends Coliform More than 4-5 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) Less than 50 Total hardness (ppm) More than 100 Ca hardness (ppm) 0 Sulfide <10-20 Nitrate (ppm) TYPICAL FRESHWATER E. Purple (-) Purple (-) Coliform 10 10 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 26 33 Total hardness (ppm) 110 150 Ca hardness (ppm) 0 0 Sulfide (ppm) 0 0<x<1 Nitrate (ppm) SAMPLE TWO SAMPLE ONE ÖMERLİ
14. SHOULD THE WATER OF ÖMERLİ BARAJI BE AVAILABLE AS DRINKING WATER? (+) (+) Coliform Less than 3 More than 3 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) Up to 500 More than 500 Total hardness (ppm) Less than 200 More than 200 Ca hardness (ppm) 0 More than 0 Sulfide (ppm) 0-10 15-25 Nitrate (ppm) SAFE TO DRINK NOT SAFE TO DRINK Purple (-) Purple (-) Coliform 10 10 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 26 33 Total hardness (ppm) 110 150 Ca hardness (ppm) 0 0 Sulfide (ppm) 0 0<x<1 Nitrate (ppm) SAMPLE TWO SAMPLE ONE ÖMERLİ
15. CONCLUSION As we were doing our project, we achieved our goals. We learned the different kinds of species living in Ömerli Barajı and the properties of these species. After making a search, we learned the differences between a typical freshwater ecosystem and the ecosystem of Ömerli Barajı in the means of Biology and Chemistry. Also we found that the chemical values of the water of Ömerli Barajı should be fixed and the living organisms should be removed from the water before using it as drinking water.
