Nonaka Learning Model

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN 1. What are the 4 integrated processes theorized by nonaka? - The knowledge spiral or SECI model theorized by nonaka gave emphasis on the following: 1. Socialization 2. Externalization 3. Combination 4. Internalization 2. What is the feature of each integrated process? 1. Socialization-involves the sharing of knowledge between individuals. 2. Externalization- this requires the expression of tacit knowledge and its translation into comprehensible forms that can be understood by others. 3. Combination-involves the conversion of explicit knowledge into more complex sets of explicit knowledge. This is fitting the elements of knowledge together. 4. Internalization- where newly created knowledge is converted from explicit knowledge into the organization’s tacit knowledge. 3. How does nonaka’s spiral model described the model integration? - According to nonaka, knowledge creation is a spiraling process of interactions between explicit and tacit knowledge. The interactions between these kinds of knowledge lead to the creation of new knowledge. The SECI model combines the two categories (tacit and explicit) to make it possible to conceptualize its four conversion patterns. 4. What are the processes to be followed in the 4 integrated models? - The following are the process of integrated model that are being followed: 1. Socialization- This mode enables the conversion of tacit knowledge through interaction between individuals. One important point to note here is that an individual can acquire tacit knowledge without language. Apprentices work with their mentors and learn craftsmanship not through language but by observation, imitation and practice. In a business setting, on job training (OJT) uses the same principle. The key to acquiring tacit knowledge is experience. 2. Externalization- this is from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, this requires the expression of tacit knowledge and its translation into comprehensible forms that can be understood by others. In philosophical terms, the individual transcends the inner and outer boundaries of the self. During the externalization stage of the knowledge-creation process and individual commits to the group and thus becomes one with the group.

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN 3. Internalization- newly created knowledge is the conversion of explicit knowledge into the organization's tacit knowledge. This requires the individual to identify the knowledge relevant for one’s self within the organizational knowledge. That again requires finding one’s self in a larger entity. Learning by doing, training and exercises allow the individual to access the knowledge realm of the group and the entire organization. For example, training programs in larger organizations help the trainees to understand the organization and themselves in the whole. 4. Combination- involves the conversion of explicit knowledge into more complex sets of explicit knowledge. In this stage, the key issues are communication and diffusion processes and the systemization of knowledge. Here, new knowledge generate in the externalization stage transcends the ground in analogues or digital signals. The knowledge conversion involves the process of social processes to combine different bodies of explicit knowledge held by individuals. The reconfiguring of existing information through the sorting, adding, recategorizing and recontextualizing of explicit knowledge can lead to new knowledge. This process of creating explicit knowledge from explicit knowledge is referred to as combination. 5. What is the organizing spiral model? - it is the knowledge model developed by nonaka, which theorized that learning can be developed through integration of the different factors, and does not give emphasis solely on the explicit knowledge such as books, journals etc. by also by the tacit knowledge of the individuals.by combining the 2 knowledge together through the process known as SECI model, knowledge is created and internalized by the learner. 6. What are the benefits of using spiral knowledge? -the benefits of using the spiral model is that, knowledge creation becomes easier, because learning comes from socialization with the external environment, wherein the tacit knowledge is combined with the explicit knowledge resulting to internalization of the new knowledge by the students. 7. What is tacit and explicit knowledge? 1. Tacit Knowledge It is highly personal and hard to formalize, making it difficult to communicate of share with others. Subjective insights, intuitions and hunches fall into this category of knowledge. It is deeply rooted in and individuals’ actions and experience as well as in the ideals, values, or emotions he or she embraces. Personal quality which makes it hard to formalize and communicate. It “indwells” in a comprehensive cognizance of the human mind and body. Japanese view knowledge as being primarily tacit, something not easily visible and expressible.

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN There are two dimensions to tacit knowledge: • Technical dimension, which encompasses the kind of informal personal skills of crafts often referred to as ‘know-how’. • Cognitive dimension. It consists of beliefs, ideals, values, schemata and mental models which are deeply ingrained in us and which we often take for granted. While difficult to articulate, this cognitive dimension of tacit knowledge shapes the way we perceive the world. 2. Explicit Knowledge Codified knowledge that can be transmitted in formal, systematic language. It is discrete or ‘digital’. It is captured in records of the past such as libraries, archives and databases and is assessed on a sequential basis. It can be expressed in words and numbers and shared in the form of data, scientific formulate, specifications, manuals and the like. This kind of knowledge can be readily transmitted between individuals formally and systematically. In the west, in general, this form of knowledge has been emphasized. The organizational knowledge-creation process starts with the sharing of tacit knowledge, which corresponds roughly to socialization, since the rich and untapped knowledge that resides in individuals must first be amplified within the organization. In the second phase, tacit knowledge shared by, for example, a self-organizing team is converted to explicit knowledge in the form of a new concept, a process similar to externalization. The created concept has to be justified in the third phase, in which the organization determines if the new concept is truly worthy of pursuit. Receiving the go-ahead, the concepts are converted in the fourth phase into an archetype, which can take the form of a prototype in the case of quot;hardquot; product development or an operating mechanism in the case of quot;softquot; innovations, such as a new corporate value, a novel managerial system, or an innovative organizational structure. The last phase extends the knowledge created in, for example, a division to others in the division, across to other

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN divisions, or even to outside constituents in what we term cross-leveling of knowledge. ...quot; APPLICATION OF NONAKA’s MODEL IN THE CLASSROOM Learning activity Model of Nonaka Students will form a team with 5 members, and they will discuss the quadratic equation as required by the teacher. socialization The teacher will then post a problem on the board and the students will form a consensus on the solution they will make and present during the group presentation. externalization The students agreed solution will then be written on the paper, this will be the solution that they will present to the class. combination

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN Aside from the group solution, each student is required to internalization submit their individual solution to the problem written in a piece of paper. Learning activity Model of Nonaka Going on a field trip on the nearest coca-cola plant to socialization observe the process of producing soda and get acquainted with the resource people i.e. Supervisor or plant worker. The plant supervisor speaks to the students about how the soda making process works and the functions of major equipments and the management of the plant and externalization shares their experiences as plant workers to the students.

METHUSAEL B. CEBRIAN After the formal presentation, a question and answer session with the plant manager, supervisor and an ordinary plant worker. This result to the combination of the combination student’s and resource individual’s knowledge. Students are required to submit their reaction paper the next morning on the field trip they had. This allows their subconscious mind to begin internalizing what they have internalization seen and heard during the field trip.

Nonaka Learning Model

by methusael cebrian on Jan 20, 2009

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