1. Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Local Study
Paper is made from the wood trees. Wood is ground up and mixed with water and other
chemicals to make a thin liquid called “paper pulp”. Paper pulp can be bleached, to make white
paper, or dyes can be added to make colored paper. This pulp is pressed into sheets of paper.
When the sheets are dry, they are cut into sizes of paper (Escote, 2004). Paper is used for
writing and printing. Books, magazines and newspapers are printed on paper (Revilla, 2003).
Foreign Study
Not all paper is made from wood. Other kinds of fiber can be used also. People make paper
from cotton, linen, and hemp (Princeton, 2000). Paper can be used for cleaning. Special forms
of paper are used, such as paper towels, facial tissues, or toilet paper (Acocella, 1999)

2. Local Literature
The word paper comes from the ancient Egyptian writing material called “papyrus”, which was
woven from papyrus plants. Papyrus was produced as early as 3000 BCE in Egypt, and in ancient
Greece and Rome. Further north, parchment or vellum, made of processed sheepskin or
calfskin, replaced papyrus, as the papyrus plant requires subtropical conditions to grow. In
china, documents were ordinarily written on bamboo, making them very heavy and awkward to
transport. Silk was sometimes used, but was normally too expensive to consider. Indeed, most
of the materials above were rate and costly (Aguilar, 2007)
Foreign Literature
The original wood-based paper was more acidic and more prone to disintegrate over time,
through processes known as slow fires. Documents written on more expensive rag paper were
more stable. The majority of modern book publishes now use acidic free paper (To, 2007).