1. APA Documentation Style
If you-are writing a research paper in nurs
most likely, to uie the ApA (a-..1"* p, s' your rnstructor will ask you,
sources. ihis guide, primarily through ex ) style to document your
documentation and help you io mastJr its
two basic steps: pr
works in abbreviate.d in the body of the paper. eo. uaa
!1m
P ub I i c a t i o n Ma nuar of t he A m e r i
c an'p sy c ho t o gi c a r .q s s o ci a
t i on
this guide is based' The APA Publication
Maiualis sherved at he reference desk: REF.
BF76'7'P83 2001' You may also consult
http://wwwop*,vr..org for the latest information
the APA documentation style. on
I. Preparing the Reference List
The reference rist contains all of the information
needed
rehieve each of the sources cited in yo* pup.i.
215-Zgl) contains a comprehensive iir.urrion
ii. ap
uuTangement of references in the list
oirt.."
and numerous
periodical articles and electronic sources. please
n
paragraph indent format (fust line of each
reference is indented one tab; subsequent
lines
il:#Hfil:'"ffi:il; rererences nahanging
n; subsequent lines are
inaenf-
indented), the paragraph
instructor which format h :^"dttiplp.tf . Ask your
)onslstent, whichever
you use. format
A. Elements of a Reference: Books
Sullivan' E. J. (1999).-cr,eating nursing,sfuture:
Issues, opportunities, and
challenges. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Author's name
I Invert the author's rurme (rast name f'st) for arphabetizing.
' Include last name and first initialls) only,
whether or not you know the
author's full name.

2. l7
Date of publication
. Include in parentheses the year the book was copyrighted.
. Place a period after the closing parenthesis.
Title and subtitle
' capitalize only the first word of the title, the fust word of the subtitle,
if any,
and all proper rulmes.
I $eparate the title and subtitle with a colon; finish with a period.
. Italicize the title and subtitle.
of publication
.t"t" is
.publisher located (as noted on the title page of
known for publishing; otherwise, list the city and
the city,.province (if applicable) and country for
publishers outside the U.S. According to the APA-Publication
Manuai, the
following cities may be listed without indicating a state or country: Baltimore,
Boston, chicago, Los Angeles, New york, philidelphia" San Francisco,
Amsterdarn, Jerusalem, London, Milan, Moscow, paris, Rome, Stockholm,
Tokyo and Vienna.
' If the publisher is a university (e.g., university ofNebraska press) and the
name of the state or province is in the university name (e.g., University
of
Nebraska), do not include the state or province in the publisher location.
(Lincoln: university of Nebraska press Nor zrnco In, NE: university of
Nebraslca Press)
' If more than one publisher location is given, use the first one listed or, if
specified, the location of the publisher's home office.
' Use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations when referring to states.
. Place a colon after the location.
Publisher
Include the name of the publisher (as shown on the book's title page). you
may omit words, such as Publishers, co., or Inc., that are not needed
to
identifr the publisher, but you should retain the words Bool<s znd press..
Place a period after the name of the publishep.

3. l8
B. Elements of a Reference: Periodical Articles
Gill, T. M., DiPietro,L., & Krumholz, H. lvI. (2000). Role of exelcise
stress testing and safety monitoring for older persons starting an exercise
program. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 281,
342-349.
Authors' names (two or more authors)
! Invert each author's name.
. For two to six authors: Include last name and fnst initials of each author. Use
a coruna to separate authors; also, use an ampersand (&) before the last
author.
. For seven or more authors: Use e/ a/. to indicate the seventh and subsequent
authors. Separate the sixth author and e/ a/. with a comma.
Date of publication
' For journals (as in the above example), include in parentheses the year the
journal was published; for magazines, newsletters and newspapers, include in
parentheses the year followed by the exact date appearing on the publication
' (month or month and day).
. Place a period after the closing parenthesis.
Title of article
. Capitalize only the first word of the article title, the fust word of the article
subtitle, if any, and all proper names. (Do not italicize the article title or
enclose it in quotation marks.)
. Place a period after the article title.
Title of periodical and publication information
" Include the full title of the periodical using uppercase and lowercase letters.
' Give the volume number ofjournals, magazines and newsletters. (Do not
include vol. before the number.)
. For journals: If each issue begins on page 1 (see example in Section C),
include the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume
number; otherwise (as above), include oniy ihe volume number.

4. l9
' Italicize the title of the periodical and the volume number, if any.
. I Give inclusive page numbers. For newspapers, usep. or pp.; for other
periodicals, omit p.ot pp.
. Use a corruna after the periodical title and volume number.
. Place a period after the page number(s).
C. References: Additional Examples for Boolss and Articles
Book, edition other than first
Andrews, M. M., & Boyle, J. S. (1999). Transcultural concepts in nursing
care (3'd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
. Had this been a revised editiorU $ev. ed.) would replace (3'd ed.) above.
Book, group author
American Psychiatric Associat io n. (l 99 4). D i agno s t i c a nd s t at i s t i c al
manual of mental disorders (4ft ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
' If the author and publisher are identical, use the word Author as the name of
the publisher.
Edited book
Hinshaw, A. S., FeetharrU S. L., & Shaver, J. L. F. (Eds.). (1999).
Handbook of clinical nursing research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
. Place the name(s) of the editor(s) in the author position followed by the
abbreviation (enclosed in parentheses) Ed. or Eds.
Book, no author or editor
NCLEX-RN questions & answers made incredibly easy: 3,000+ questions!
(2000). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse.
. Place the title of the book in the author position, before the date of
publication.

5. 20
Article or chapter in an edited book
Opler, L. A. ( 1999). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In R. E.
Feinstein & A. A. Brewer (Eds.), Primary tart pryciiotry and behavioral
medicine @p.230-255). New York: Springer.
' Include the author(s), publication date and title of the article or chapter.
' Provide the first initial(s) and last name of each editor; however, for reference
works with large editorial boards, you may list the lead
editor followed by et al. (Note that In precedes the editors'names and that the
rurmes are not inverted, as they are not in the author position.)
' with three or more editors, separate the editors with commas and place an
ampersand (&) before the final editor. With two editors, place an ampersand
before the second editor, but do not separate the editors with u.o*u.
' Include the title of the book and, enclosed in parentheses, the page numbers of
the article or chapter.
Entry in an encyclopedia
Fry, S. T. (1995). Nursing ethics. In w. T. Reich (Ed.), Encyclopedia of
bioethics (Rev. ed., Vol. 4, pp. 1822-1827). New york: Macmillan-Libiary
Reference.
r Include additional information that appears on the encyclopedia and is
required for identification (e.g., edition and volume number) prior to the page
numbers.
Journal article paginated by issue, seven or more authors
Fendi, J., Boyd, C., Gonzalez- A., pofier, H., Dixon, E., Carroll, p. S., et
al. (2000). Nutrition and the nursing home resident. Journal of Gerontological
Nursing, 22(3),30-35.
' If each issue of the journal begins on page one, include the issue number in
parentheses immediately after the volume number.
. Use et al. to indicate the seventh and subsequent authors.
Magazine article, monthly and weekly
Shreeve, J. (1999, october). secrets of the gene. National Geographic,
196,42-75.

6. 2l
Stein, J. (1999, November 1). The low-carb diet craze. Time, 154,
72-79. ,
' Include the date shown on the magazine, the month for monthlies or the
month and day for weeklies.
Daily newspaper article, no author
Filter-tipped cigarettes linked to a cancer. (lgg7,November 5). The New
York Times, p. Al2.
' For newspaper articles, usep. or pp.before the page number(s).
Daity newspaper article, discontinuous pages
villarosa" L. (2000, August l5). Batrling disorders often stem from
immune system failure. The New york Times, pp. F7, F12.
' If an article appears on discontinuous pages, include all page numbers.
Separate the discontinuous page numbers with a comma.
D. Web Reference Formats (two examples)
Electronic copy of a joumal article retrieved from a database
Estm, P. J. (1999). Spotting depression in Asian patients. kN, 62(4),39-
40. Retrieved January 10,2002, fiom EBSCOhost database (Health Source:
Nursing/Academic Edition).
' Begin the reference with the same information you would provide for a
printed item.
' Conclude with a retrieval statement that includes the date you retrieved the
article and the name of the database.
Document created by an organization
American Nurses Association. (1999). principres for nurse staffing.
Retrieved Janurary L 5, 2002, fr o m http ://www. ana. org/readroom/stfr rnc.htm
r Begin the reference with the document's author.
I Include the publication date or, if no publication date is available, enclose n.d
in parentheses.

7. ))
. Conclude with a retrieval statement that includes the date you retrieved the
document and the document's URL. Do not place a period at the end of the
retrieval statement, as it ends with a URL.
E. Sample Reference List
References
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders (46 ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
EstirU P. J. (1999). Spotting depression in Asian patients. RN, 62(4),39-
40. Retrieved January 10,2002, from EBSCOhost database (Health Source:
Nursing/Academic Edition).
Filter-tipped cigarettes linked to a cancer. (1997, November 5). The New
York Times, p. Al2.
Gill, T. M., DiPietro,L., & Krumholz, H. M. (2000). Role ofexercise
stress testing and safety monitoring for older persons starting an exercise
program. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 284,342-349.
Hinshaw, A. S., Feethanr, S. L., & Shaver, J. L. F. (Eds.).(1999).
Handbook of clinical nursing research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
NCLEX-EN questions & answers made incredibly easy: 3,000+ questions!
(2000). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse.
r Arrange all references (i.e., to books, periodical articles, electronic sources,
etc.) in one alphabetical list.
' Alphabetizeby the last rulme of the first author in each reference. If there rs
no author, alphabetize by the first word of the title. Ignore initial articles (4
arL the) when alphabetizing by title.

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