1. Patchworks and Field-
Boundaries: Visualizing the
History of English
Marc Alexander, University of Glasgow
marc.alexander@glasgow.ac.uk; @marcgalexander
Digital Humanties 2012, Hamburg

2. RU S
The Histori
nary of the OED
—the large
ociety/the community
in the world
historical th
1340– 1377– 02.01 collectively 03
a1693 02.05 great- oe 03 half-brother
created in a
oe c1330– 03.01 by same father Based on th
oe
03 grandmother 1880 03.02 by same mother
a1225– 1647–a1661 04 bastard brother English Dic
09 (Scots & N. English) Christian Kay, Jane Roberts,stepbrother oe 05 Michael
1663–
1863– 03 Samuels and Irené 07 younger brother
Society
1440– Wotherspoon (eds). 2009. contains ev
1598–
1933 (colloq.) 06 twin-brother
1610–
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary.
olloq.) 03.01 condition of
03.01
03.02 step-grandmother
Society/the community
1827–1856 1895– (orig. US) 08 foster-brother from
03.07.00.13 Conformity English
03.01.01 Kinship/relationship 03.07.00.14 Non-conformity oe– 1382
03.03 great-grandmotherofin Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1526 to the prese
03.01.02 Study society 03.07.00.15 Apostasy
03.01.03 Society relation to customs/values/beliefs 03.07.00.16 1470/85
Sectarianism
03.07.00.17 Catholicity
1530– Social communication/relations
03.01.04

3. RU S
The Histori
nary of the OED
—the large
ociety/the community
in the world
historical th
1340– 1377– 02.01 collectively 03
a1693 02.05 great- oe 03 half-brother
created in a
oe c1330– 03.01 by same father Based on th
oe
03 grandmother 1880 03.02 by same mother
a1225– 1647–a1661 04 bastard brother English Dic
09 (Scots magnificent achievement of quite extraordinary value. It is
“a & N. English) oe 05 stepbrother
1663–
1863– 03
perhaps the single most 07 younger brother
Society
1440– significant) tooltwin-brother
1598–
1933 (colloq. 06 ever devised for
1610–
contains ev
investigating community 1827–1856 03.07.00.13 Conformity (orig. US) 08history”
olloq.) 03.01 condition of
03.01 Society/the
semantic, social, and intellectual foster-brother from
1895– English
03.02 step-grandmother
03.01.01 Kinship/relationship 03.07.00.14 Non-conformity oe– 1382
Randolph Quirk
1526 to the prese
03.07.00.15 Apostasy
03.03 great-grandmotherofin relation to customs/values/beliefs
03.01.02
03.01.03
Study society
Society 03.07.00.16 1470/85
Sectarianism
03.07.00.17 Catholicity
1530– Social communication/relations
03.01.04

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,
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!&%$ !"#$"%!&%'(")*%!&%*'$$+,% n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep.

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!%##' !%+)' !%+*' !%+)' !, 9&)''%* word< word 12.' . p
(<')G)'? lexicon !+)"'!(#% ,!#!" !- $&-$%&#($$&-$&)('%,
!" 4$-D%* ideophone !((!'!%*% -",(,U3(2)'?#"%%2)*+
vocabulary !""*' ,!#!- -",(,&%+)-*#4$%(D%& lexicon
9-&1 the word !$%+' !. +6-4',9-&1 ghost word !((+' !"#
!%$)' ,!#!. !(%+ ghostminimum vocabulary !%))'!%)"
ghost name C)*)C3C form !%## !/ 9-&1,9)'6,-*2?, v
-*%,&%<-&1%1,-<<3&&%*<% hapax legomenon !((&' hapax
,!#!/ 7(4)<,>*+2)46 Basic English !%&%' ,, 4)C)2(&# v
!%+& !0 9-&1,%X$&%44)*+,$6&(4%#4%*'%*<% sentence-
<-*"34(B2%,9-&14 homoeoteleft !+$& word-pair !%#+' v
word !()(' holophrasm !(+&'!%** holophrase !(%%'
confusables/confusibles !%"%' ,,#!, 4)C)2(&)'?, i
phrase-word !%##' monorheme !%#"' !0#!, 34%,-"
<(34)*+,C)4'(D%4,)*,<-$?)*+ homoeoteleuton !(+!' !
holophrasis !(+% !1 *-*4%*4%,9-&1 nonsense-name
homoeoarchy !((# homoeotel !((# homoeotopy m

12. wordhord wordloca vocabulary wordage wordhoard
OE OE 1782– 1829– 1869–
wordlore word-stock lexicon lexis vocab
1904 1911– 1933– 1960– 1971–

13. wordhord wordloca vocabulary wordage wordhoard
OE OE 1782– 1829– 1869–
wordlore word-stock lexicon lexis vocab
1904 1911– 1933– 1960– 1971–

14. HT: 02.08.04.05 (Words and Phrases) 430 words

15. HT: 02.08.04.05 (Words and Phrases) 430 words

16. HT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language) 4652 words

17. HT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language) 4652 words

18. HT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language) 4652 words

19. HT: 02.08 (Language) 18582 words

20. HT: 02.08 (Language) 18582 words

21. 469,470 words;
Modern English those cited after 1860AD
or marked as ‘current’

22. Health and The Body Biology
Food and Drink
Disease Leisure Work
People Clothing
Animals Plants Armed Hostility
Cleanliness
Death
Textiles
Authority Communication
(Other)
Society Dwelling
Chemistry
Number
Physics
Action
Wholeness
Quantity
Travel Faith
Morality Education
Colour
Constitution Relative
Properties of of Matter Properties Possession
Space Movement Materials Emotion
Mental Faculty of
Physical Will
Capacity
The Earth Sensibility
Refusal and Denial
Philosophy
Aesthetics
Existence,
Time Creation, Language
Causation The Supernatural
469,470 words;
Modern English those cited after 1860AD
or marked as ‘current’

23. 469,470 words;
Modern English those cited after 1860AD
or marked as ‘current’

24. 247,933 words;
English in the Age of Johnson those first cited before 1784AD,
and last cited after 1709AD

25. 207,930 words;
English in the Age of Shakespeare those first cited before 1616AD,
and last cited after 1564AD

26. 73,432 words;
English in the Age of Chaucer those first cited before 1400AD,
and last cited after 1340AD

29. Health and The Body Biology
Food and Drink
Disease Leisure Work
People Clothing
Animals Plants Armed Hostility
Cleanliness
Death
Textiles
Authority Communication
(Other)
Society Dwelling
Chemistry
Number
Physics
Action
Wholeness
Quantity
Travel Faith
Morality Education
Colour
Constitution Relative
Properties of of Matter Properties Possession
Space Movement Materials Emotion
Mental Faculty of
Physical Will
Capacity
The Earth Sensibility
Refusal and Denial
Philosophy
Aesthetics
Existence,
Time Creation, Language
Causation The Supernatural
Metaphorical ‘Mappings’

30. Health and The Body Biology
Food and Drink
Disease Leisure Work
People Clothing
Animals Plants Armed Hostility
Cleanliness
Death
Textiles
Authority Communication
(Other)
Society Dwelling
Chemistry
Number
Physics
Action
Wholeness
Quantity
Travel Faith
Morality Education
Colour
Constitution Relative
Properties of of Matter Properties Possession
Space Movement Materials Emotion
Mental Faculty of
Physical Will
Capacity
The Earth Sensibility
Refusal and Denial
Philosophy
Aesthetics
Existence,
Time Creation, Language
Causation The Supernatural
Metaphorical ‘Mappings’

31. Positive growth in green
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Negative growth in red

32. 01.04.07.03.06
Electromagnetic energy
03.10.13.20
Management of money
Positive growth in green
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Negative growth in red

33. 01.04.07.03.06
Electromagnetic energy 03.08.11.08
Journal/newspaper
01.04.02.01
Chemistry
03.10.13.20
Management of money
01.01.08.04 02.08.02
Geology Language families
Positive growth in green
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Negative growth in red

34. -ve Category Growth, 1700-1800

35. -ve Category Growth, 1700-1800

36. 03.07.04
Artefacts of faith
02.02.31
Moral courage
-ve Category Growth, 1700-1800

37. Positive growth in green
Category Growth, 1550-1625 Negative growth in red

38. LL Salience, Thomas Jefferson Corpus

39. 03.11 et seq
Leisure
03.04.02.01
Command/order
01.05.05.21 inter alia 01.06.06.03/01.06.06.05
Courtesy/Conduct/Forms of address Greatness in quantity/Increase
LL Salience, Thomas Jefferson Corpus

40. marc.alexander@glasgow.ac.uk
@marcgalexander
Selected References
Data
Kay, C., J. Roberts, M. Samuels, and I. Wotherspoon (2009). Historical Thesaurus of the OED. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Background
Kay, C., and T. Chase (1987) ‘Constructing a Thesaurus Database’. Literary and Linguistic Computing 2(3), pp. 161–163.
Lehrer, A. (1974). Semantic Fields and Lexical Structure. North- Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.
Wotherspoon, I. (1992) ‘Historical Thesaurus Database Using Ingres’, Literary and Linguistic Computing, 7, 4, pp. 218-225.
Treemaps
Shneiderman, B. (2009) ‘Treemaps for space-constrained visualization of hierarchies’, http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap-history/
index.shtml
Cover image: Eolaí gan Fhéile. (2009) ‘Sloping Fields’. Intonations Art Exhibition (Dublin).

41. Health and The Body Biology
Food and Drink
Disease Leisure Work
People Clothing
Animals Plants Armed Hostility
Cleanliness
Death
Textiles
Authority Communication
(Other)
Society Dwelling
Chemistry
Number
Physics
Action
Wholeness
Quantity
Travel Faith
Morality Education
Colour
Constitution Relative
Properties of of Matter Properties Possession
Space Movement Materials Emotion
Mental Faculty of
Physical Will
Capacity
The Earth Sensibility
Refusal and Denial
Philosophy
Aesthetics
Existence,
Time Creation, Language
Causation The Supernatural
469,470 words;
Modern English those cited after 1860AD
or marked as ‘current’

43. HT: 01.06.04.15 (Computing) 1320 words

44. HT: 02.02.22|04 (Terms of endearment, n.)

45. HT: 02.02.23|06 (Enemy, n.)

46. Armed
Work
Hostility
Authority
Existence in time and space
Society Morality Leisure
Faith
Communication
Travel Inhabiting
Relative Properties
Education
Emotion
Life The Earth Matter
Mental
Capacity
Possession
Will
Physical The
Sensibility Supernatural Language Aesthetics and
Philosophy

47. Leisure Work
Life
Armed
Hostility
Authority Communication
Society Inhabiting
Relative Travel Faith
Matter Morality Education
Properties
Existence in
Possession
time and space
Emotion
Mental Will
Physical
Capacity
The Earth Sensibility
Aesthetics
Language and
Philosophy
The Supernatural