This document discusses different methods for measuring rates of return on investments. It defines total return as the sum of income payments like dividends and capital gains or losses. An example is provided to demonstrate calculating total return, dividend yield, and capital gain yield for a share of Canadian Pacific Railway stock. The document also discusses how to convert nominal return to real return after accounting for inflation. It outlines different types of systematic risks like market risk and interest rate risk that cannot be diversified away, as well as unsystematic risks at the business and financial level that can be diversified.