This is the slightly trimmed version of "The Gathering Storm, The Breaking Dawn" talk I previously gave in California, dealing with the failing financial and physical health of the American public (other than the much talked about "1%") as well as the medical care system which is in danger of imploding. The Pharmanex Biophotonic scanner, its validation, and the rationale behind the LifePak supplement line is reviewed.
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Pharmanex HCP presentation, Provo, Utah 03
1. Louis B. Cady, MD â CEO & Founder â Cady Wellness InstituteLouis B. Cady, MD â CEO & Founder â Cady Wellness Institute
Adjunct Clinical Lecturer â University of Southern Indiana
Adjunct Clinical Lecturer â Indiana University School of Medicine
Department of Psychiatry
Child, Adolescent, Adult & Forensic Psychiatry â Evansville, Indiana
The Gathering Storm, The Breaking Dawn II:
New Challenges & Opportunity for the Health of America
2. H - 2
âThere are two objects of medical education: to heal
the sick and to advance the science.â
- Dr. Charles H. Mayo, MD
âThe glory of medicine is that it is always moving
forward, that there is always more to learn.â
- Dr. William J. Mayo
3. Disclaimer: Pharmanex
supplementation and the
BioPhotonic Scanner are not
FDA approved for the diagnosis,
treatment, prevention, or cure of
ANY disease or âmedical
condition.â
They ARE appropriate to support the structure
and function of the human body.
4. Learning objectives
⢠Define a problem: Americanâs medical and
financial health is declining.
⢠MDâs and HCPâs are getting squeezed and are
dropping out.
⢠Answer the question of âbut I just donât GET it
about those antioxidants.â
⢠Answer the objections about the scanner âgizmo.â
⢠Review the literature. Achieve state of the art, up
to date knowledge.
⢠Review some personal reflections.
5. The health of society & the doctors to
treat it
⢠Doctors are going to get squeezed: more will quit,
YOUR out of pocket costs are going up.
⢠Americans will have less money to pay for bigger
health care costs
⢠Average people need to do something NOW to
maintain health and minimize costs.
And why we should all start paying
attention to those âfilthy rich doctorsâ and
how they are getting paid.
6. The Problems & The Solution
The good ole days:
â˘People had jobs
â˘People had insurance
â˘Insurance PAID.
â˘Society was healthier.
â˘Doctors were
plentiful.
â˘Your healthcare was
essentially âfree,â no
matter how stupidly
you behaved.
Problems:
â˘2001/2008
recessions
â˘Outsourcing
â˘More medical
technology
â˘More activism from
groups such that
âeverything must be
covered.â
â˘2013-14: More
government
interference in free
market
The RESULTS:
â˘Medical insurance costs
more $$$.
â˘Fewer doctors available.
⢠Doctors are
quitting.
⢠Insurance
companies/
government =
defacto
RATIONING.
â˘Now, you âgonna have
to PAYâ for poor health
habits, poor nutrition,
obesity, smoking, etc.
7. Everett Napier, an unemployed miner, said he pawned various items while he has
been looking for work, including rifles, tools, jewelry and two guitars he used to
play at church. 'I just swallowed my pride and quit playing. That's all you can do.'
David Stephenson for The Wall Street Journal. November 26, 2013
8.
9.
10. CURRENT PRACTICE OF MEDICINE:
What a patient had to say about her âspecialistsâ:
âThey just monitor my
degeneration.â
11.
12. www.billfoster.com - Reviving American Manufacturing, accessed 1 27 2014www.billfoster.com - Reviving American Manufacturing, accessed 1 27 2014
17. Feb 6, 2014
- The âSGRâ cut: 24 â 30% of Medicare fees
- Has been âpatchedâ 15 times since 2002 for c. $140 billion
- Additional source: McDonough J.E. âHealth Stewâ column 12/22/2013
http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/health_stew/2013/12/advice_to_congress_pass_sgr_
accessed 2/7/2014
18. Business 101 â 3 doctor internal
medicine clinic
INCOME
NET Revenue: $1.5 million
EXPENSES:
Overhead* : $1 million
[support staff salaries, rent,
depreciation, malpractice insurance,
license fees, âMOCâ fees, equipment
costs, consumables, cleaning, office
supplies, facilities insurance,
Workmanâs comp, retirement plans for
staff and docs, CME, vacation pay, sick
pay, insurance plans for staff and docs]
Salaries â 3 docs: $500K
Total expenses: $1.5 million
Income less
expenses =
ZERO.
This balances.
19. Business 101 â 3 doctor internal
medicine clinic
INCOME
(prev) Revenue: $1.5 million
Less 24% cut: - $360,000
Total income now:$1,140,000
EXPENSES:
Overhead* : $1 million
[support staff salaries, rent, depreciation,
malpractice insurance, license fees, âMOCâ
fees, equipment costs, consumables, cleaning,
office supplies, facilities insurance, Workmanâs
comp, retirement plans for staff and docs,
CME, vacation pay, sick pay, insurance plans
for staff and docs]
(Whatâs left over for
salaries: $140,000)
Total expenses: $1.14
million
Income less expenses
= ZERO.
This balances.
Salaries â for 3 docs
= 46,667 per doc
20. Instant replay
⢠24% cut to gross receipts
⢠72% cut to doc salaries (from $166,667
down to $46,667
â Working 50 â 60 hours per week
â Hassled by paperwork, Medicare reviewers,
prior authorizations, constant threat of
malpractice lawsuits, continued baseline 2%
inflation per year and no way to make it up.
⢠WHAT WOULD YOU DO???
21. Business 101 â 3 doctor internal medicine clinic
â what does this REALLY MEAN?
As your fees stagnate or are cut, and as your overhead
continues to rise, you will:
â˘Pinch pennies on overhead, do 5-7 minutes per patient
and try to be cheap. (Unsuccessful).
â˘Work harder and longer hours to keep pace and feed
your family (and burn yourself out)âŚ
⢠âŚAnd not get to see your kids grow up.
⢠Marital problems; divorce.
⢠You will miss out on life.
â˘Use the âwork âtil you dropâ retirement plan.
â˘Or you will quit if youâve made enough and either retire
or do something else.
22. Doctors quitting medicine
⢠Suicide* (2004):
â 1.41 X for male physicians vs. general pop.
⢠"Half of primary care physicians in survey
would leave medicine ... if they had an
alternative." -- CNN, November 2008
* Schernhammer ES, Coldit GZ. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Dec; 161 (12):2295-302.
23.
24. âWhy I Left Medicine: A Burnt-Out
Doctorâs Decision to Quitâ*
⢠âIt may be dramatic
and self-serving to
frame my career
change as a way to
avoid suicide, but I
can attest that
medicine was not
conducive to my
health.â
http://commonhealth.wbur.org/2013/10/why-i-left-medicine-a-burnt-out
date 10/18/2013 â accessed 01/07/2014
26. âBut Iâm not a doctor; Iâm not going to
have those problems.â
⢠Dentists, optometrists, DCâs â mixed fee for
service model (at present) and insurance.
⢠EVERYONE will be having higher deductibles
(and be cash strapped).
â Manifestations: deferred maintenance (Mercedes)
⢠If hospitals, or clinics close, service providers
connected with it will lose their jobs.
⢠If you are a cosmetologist or server â
declining business, declining tips
35. What causes oxidative stress?
⢠Environmental Toxins
â Heavy metals â including Mercury (fillings!)
â Pesticides/herbicides
â Preservatives
â PCBâs, Dioxins, Phthalates
⢠Toxins produced in the body
â Yeast and bacteria
â Products of cellular metabolism
⢠Emotional Stress
â Anxiety/Tension
â Fear
â Anger
38. Why is the brain so
susceptible to oxidative stress?
⢠Burns glucose â generates free radicals.
⢠Uses 20% of total oxygen and energy consumed
by the body.
⢠½ of this is for electrochemical nerve
transmission.
⢠Contains IRON
⢠Contains essential fatty acids, which can be
OXIDIZED (ârancid fatâ)
⢠Limited supply of own antioxidants
⢠Limited ability to regenerate/repair damage
39. What are some consequences of
oxidative stress?
⢠Impaired cognitive function
⢠Decreased memory
⢠Depressed immune system
⢠Increased inflammation
⢠DNA damage
⢠cancer
⢠Behavioral deterioration
41. Center for Biomedical Optics â Dixon
Laser Institute, University of Utah
⢠Werner Gellermann, Ph.D. â Research
Professor
⢠Colleague â Igor Ermakov, Ph.D., et al.
⢠Technologies â âNovel Raman Spectroscopy
and Raman Imaging.â
⢠Funding:
â National Institutes of Health
â State of Utah
â Spectrotek, LLC
43. âA method and apparatus are provided
for the determination of levels of
carotenoids and similar chemical
compounds in biological tissue such
as living skin.â
44. âBut is the scanner really valid and
dependable?â
45. Scientific Validation: Peer-reviewed by the
medical & research communities
⢠Society of Investigative Dermatology, May 25, 2000.
â Non-Invasive Raman Spectroscopic
Detection of Carotenoids in Human Skin.
⢠Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Dec 1;504(1):40-9. Epub
2010 Aug 1.
â Validation model for Raman based skin
carotenoid detection
⢠J Eur Acad Dermatol Ven. 2011 Aug;25(8):945-9.
â Skin carotenoid levels in adult patients with
psoriasis.
46. ⢠âThe totality of the evidence supports the use of skin carotenoid
status as an objective biomarker of fruits/vegetable intakeâŚâ
⢠â..skin carotenoids may effectively serve as an integrated
biomarker of healthâŚâ
⢠âThe totality of the evidence supports the use of skin carotenoid
status as an objective biomarker of fruits/vegetable intakeâŚâ
⢠â..skin carotenoids may effectively serve as an integrated
biomarker of healthâŚâ
⢠âThus, this biomarker holds promise as both a health
biomarker and an objective indicator of fruits & vegetables
intakeâŚ.â
⢠âThus, this biomarker holds promise as both a health
biomarker and an objective indicator of fruits & vegetables
intakeâŚ.â
49. âThe Complete Idiotâs Guide to the
âCady White Paperâ
⢠Pp 1-3 Patent claim synthesis: assessing
the overall antioxidant status in human
tissue via Raman spectroscopy via
measuring carotenoids
â Carotenoids are antioxidants
⢠Identified in 1992
⢠Potent antioxidants
⢠Lycopenes and carotenoids appear to diminish risk of
prostate CA.
⢠P 4 Further discussion of prostate CA
50. Carotenoid correlation with other
antioxidants (pp 4-6)
⢠Cited: carotenoids as chemopreventive agents*
⢠Carotenoids as first line of defense, associated
with âantioxidant networkâ â with Vitamins C, E,
Coenzyme Q10, ALA, and SE. **
⢠Yeum et al: need to measure water AND fat
soluble vitamins identified.***
*Peng YM et al. Concentrations and plasma-tissue-diet relationships of carotenoids,
retinoids, and tocopherols in humans. Nutr Cancer. 1995;23(3):233-46.
** Packet, Lester. The Antioxidant Miracle. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Š 1999
***Yeum et al. Biomarkers of antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic and lipophilic
compartments of human plasma. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Oct 1; 430(1):97-103.
51. Relationships of carotenoids to other more
conventionally measured antioxidants (p 6 -7)
⢠Svilaas et al (2004):
â 2, 670 adults studied with serum carotenoids
measured and correlated with vitamin
consumption
â serum carotenoids were stronger predictors of
other antioxidants than were alpha, beta, delta,
and gamma tocopherols, as well as
glutathione.*
* Svilaas A, et al. Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and
vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans. J
Nutr. 2004 Mar;134(3):562-7.
52. Convenience of carotenoids as antioxidant
measurement (pp 7-11)
⢠Hata, et al (2000) â correlated skin
carotenoids (Raman) with carotenoid levels
from skin from abdominoplasty patients
(HPLC).
â âOur technique can be usedâŚfor assessing
antioxidant status and the risk for diseases
related to oxidative stress.â
*Bernstein P et al. Raman detection of macular carotenoids pigments in intact human
retina. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sc. 1998 Oct;39(11):2003-11.
**Hata et al. Non-invasive Raman spectroscopic detection of carotenoids in human
skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Sep; 115(3):441-8.
53. The Svilaas/Hata Syllogism:
⢠Hata (2000) â Raman measurements of
carotenoid == HPLC skin measurements of
carotenoids
⢠Svilaas (2004) â serum carotenoids =
better predictor of antioxidant status than
mixed tocopherols and glutathione
⢠THEREFORE [Cady]: Raman spectroscopy
is a better measure of antioxidant status
than mixed tocopherols and glutathione.
55. BTW â what does that âSCSâ actually
mean in REAL LAB MEASUREMENTS?
⢠Y = 12703 * X + 5891.7
â Where Y is the SCS, and X is the carotenoid
concentration in MICROgrams/ml, viz:
⢠25,000 = 12703X + 5891.7
⢠25,000 â 5891.7 = 12703 * X
⢠19,108.3 = 12703 * X
⢠19,108.3 /12703 = X
⢠X = 1.50 MICROgrams /ml
⢠Rule of thumb: 1,000 on SCS = .06 ug
carotenoid/ml blood serum
⢠(e.g., SCS of 71,000 = 4.26 ug carotenoid/ml)
Source: NuSkin/Pharmanex
56. âRSS spectroscopy is a reliable
method for non-invasive
measurement of B-carotene
levels in skin, and may be used
as an important biomarker of
antioxidant status in nutritional
and health studies in humans.â
Ramirez-Velez, et al. Endocrinol Nutr. 2012 April
57. How are we doing? 2006 Data Histogram:
N =2,591,667
Mean SCS = 26,673
Skin Carotenoid Score
Frequency
5-9 Fruits & Vegetables
Smokers
Average (2-3 Fruits & Vegetables)
Obesity
LifePak
LifePak +
5-9 Fruits & Vegetables
Source: data reported by Pharmanex
58. 16,103 people â 1994 â 1996.
ZERO got 100% of all required vitamins and
nutrients
- Highest â B12 =- 82.8% got enough
- 66.8% - had adequate folate
- Lowest â Zinc â only 26.6% got enough.
60. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status
& survival in institutionalized elderly
⢠Plasma MDA
predicted mortality
independently of all
other variables.
⢠B-carotene and
alpha tocopherol
were independently
associated with
survival. Huerta JM et al. Free Radical Research
2006, vol 40, no 6. pp 571-578.
62. âRS accurately measures total carotenoids in human skin
with less intra-individual variability than measurement of
serum carotenoids by HPLC analysis. RS technology
is a valid and reliable noninvasive method
to rapidly assess carotenoid nutritional
status in humans.â (J Am. Coll Nutr 2009)
64. ⢠Study population:
â N=1,389; age range {59-71 yoa}
â 9 year study
⢠Relative risks:
â all cause mortality at 2.94X in men in lowest
quintile (95% CI, P=0.03)
â cancer 1.72X in men (95% CI, P=0.01
⢠âTotal plasma carotenoids levels
were independently associated
with mortality risk in men.â
Epidemiology of Vascular Aging (EVA)
65. Vitamin/mineral supplementation & cancer,
cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality
(EPIC-Heidelberg) Li K, Kaaks R., et al. Eur J Nutri July 2011
⢠Purpose: evaluate vitamin/mineral
supplementation with CA, CV dz, and mortality
⢠Methods:
â 23,943 healthy participants, followed x 11 years
â Baseline and ânew-useâ supplementation noted
⢠Results: 513 CA deaths, 264 CV deaths
â âNo MVI supplement had any significant effectâ
â Baseline users of antioxidant supplements
had significantly reduced risk of cancer [HR
0.52] and all cause mortality [0.58]
⢠âsick userâ phenomenon discussed.
66. Antioxidants and brain tumors?
⢠âfree radicals are another etiological factor
of brain tumor and are removed by cellular
antioxidants in the human body.â
⢠Inverse correlation between:
â antioxidant levels and oxidative DNA damage
â Grades of malignancy
⢠Decrease in antioxidants are associated
with severity of malignancy
67. Conclusions
⢠âIt is concluded that
administration of antioxidants
could reduce the incidence of
brain tumors and probably other
types of cancer.â
⢠- Shewelta SA , Sheikh, BY Curr Drug Metab. 2011
Jul;12(6):587-93. (Dept.of Biosciences & Technology,
Alexandria University, Egypt.)
68. The GREAT news about a BAD study
Conclusions: âIn older women, several
commonly used dietary vitamin and mineral
supplements may be associated with
increased total mortality risk; this association
is strongest with supplemental iron.â
69. Not so fast!
⢠18 year duration; 38,000 âolderâ white
women in Iowa
⢠Supplements: MVIâs, A, D, E, Beta-
carotene, B âvitamins, iron, calcium,
copper, magnesium selenium, and zinc.
⢠The real results:
â Early results showed women who used C, D,
E, and Calcium had significantly lower rates
of death
â Iron supplementation was highly correlated to
death rates (but these results were mixed in)
70. A real hatchet job on MVIâs
⢠Study measured âwho dies over 18 years?â
â Average age at start â 61 yoa
â Average age at end of study 82 yoa
â Average mortality for all women â 80 yoa in
2003 (during the study)
⢠Conclusion: Over 50% of the women in the
Iowa study lived longer than the average life
expectancy.
Mursu, Harnack et al â Dietary supplements and mortality rate in
older womenâŚ. Arch Intern Med 2011 Oct 10;171(18):1625-33.
71. More hatcheting â poor controls
⢠Hormones (Premarin/provera)
â 13.5% of supplement users
â 7.2% of non-supplement users
⢠No explanation as to why so many women
were taking iron.
⢠Excess levels of vitamin A in some MVI
brands
⢠No evaluation of the quality or potency of
the supplements
Mursu, Harnack et al â Dietary supplements and mortality rate in
older womenâŚ. Arch Intern Med 2011 Oct 10;171(18):1625-33.
Nearly
2X as
many!!
72. âPending strong evidence âŚfrom randomized trials, it
appears prudent for all adults to take vitamin
supplements.â Fletcher & Fairfield, JAMA 2002
73. 44 million inpatients, 460 sites, 2000-2010 = 20%
of all US inpatient episodes (1.6% were on ONS
during the inpatient episode.)
44 million inpatients, 460 sites, 2000-2010 = 20%
of all US inpatient episodes (1.6% were on ONS
during the inpatient episode.)
>/= 18 years. No terminal patients, tube feedings.>/= 18 years. No terminal patients, tube feedings.
RESULTS for âONSâ:
â˘2.3 day shorter length of stay
â˘Decreased cost of $4,734 / episode
â˘2.3% reduced probability of early readmission.
RESULTS for âONSâ:
â˘2.3 day shorter length of stay
â˘Decreased cost of $4,734 / episode
â˘2.3% reduced probability of early readmission.
CONCLUSIONS: âUse of ONS decreases length of
stay, episode cost, and 30 day readmission risk in the
inpatient population.â
CONCLUSIONS: âUse of ONS decreases length of
stay, episode cost, and 30 day readmission risk in the
inpatient population.â
Tomas J, et al. Am J Manag Care. 2013;19(2):121-
74. So why do you need a
SYSTEM in your vitamin
supplement/mineral
complex?? And whatâs a
ânanoâ?
75. What does âNanoâ mean?
⢠Cylcodextrin ring â benign, digestable
⢠Feeds the gut microflora
76. How do nano-nutrients work?
Nano-encapsulated nutrients do
not clump; they DISPERSE.
Fat-soluble nutrients like
carotenoids and coenzyme Q10
CLUMP in watery milieu.
84. The Effects of high dose B vitamins
on stress at work
⢠âOccupational stress is increasing in Western societies.â
⢠3 month, double blind, placebo control, randomized study
⢠Measured: Personality, work demands, mood, anxiety, and
strain
⢠After variances in personality and work demands were
controlled, the vitamin B complex treated
group reported significantly lower personal
strain and a reduction in confusion and
depressed/dejected mood after 12 weeks.
Strough C et al. The effect of 90 day administration of a high dose vitamin B-
coplex on work stress. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011 Sept 8. doi
10.1002/hup.1229 (Swinburne University of Techbnology â Hawhorn, Victoria,
Australia.)
85. Magnesium mementos
⢠One of the first minerals to disappear with:
â Processed food
â Stress
⢠Decreased by EtOH, caffeine, sodas, meds
⢠Considered âanti-stressâ mineral
â Decreases cortisol (rel to sleep disruption)
â Relaxes muscles, prevents cramps (sleep
disruption)
â Decreases anxiety; improves sleep
86. Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency
PSYCHIATRIC ISSUES:
â˘Difficulty with memory
and concentration
â˘Depression, apathy
â˘Emotional lability
â˘Irritability, nervousness,
anxiety
â˘Insomnia
ďŽAutism
ďŽADHD
ďŽ Migraine
headaches
ďŽ PMS
ďŽ Dysmenorrhea
ďŽ Fibromyalgia
ďŽ Fatigue
ďŽ CONSTIPATION
Health Conditions Associated
with Magnesium Deficiency
87. SELENIUM DEFICIENCY in FASEB:
⢠âAdaptive dysfunction of
selenoproteins from the
perspective of the âtriageâ
theory: why modest
selenium deficiency
may increase risk
of diseases of
aging.â
Foundation of American
Societies for Experimental
Biology
McCann, J, Ames BM. FASEB J.
2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814.
88. Negative downstream effects from
selenium deficiency:
ââŚcancer, heart disease, and
immune dysfunction are
prospectively associated with
modest selenium deficiencyâŚ.
suggesting that Se deficiency could
be a CAUSATIVE factorâ
McCann, J, Ames BM. FASEB J. 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814.
91. Fast food (low Zn) is bad for you.
⢠Fast food = high energy density = low essential
micronutrient density, ESPECIALLY ZINC
⢠Antioxidant processes are dependent on Zinc
⢠Fast food = severe decrease in antioxidant
vitamins and zinc, correlating with
inflammation in testicular tissue â with
underdevelopment of testicular tissue and
decreased testosterone levels
92. Special needs - Zinc
⢠Low Zinc- associated with low testosterone
â Per USDA, 60% of US men between 20 â 49
years of age do not get enough.
â N.B.: Do not supplement with > 50 mg daily
(can interfere with Cu+ metabolism)
⢠Tsai, E.C., Boyko, E.J., Leonetti, D.L., & Fujimoto,
W.Y. (2000). Low serum testosterone level as a
predictor of increased visceral fat in Japanese-
American men.
International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Dis
24, 485-491
95. What happens with biotin
deficiency?
âOur results suggest that biotin deficiency
promotes hyperglycemic mechanismsâŚand
decreased insulin secretion and sensitivity to
compensate for reduced blood glucose
concentrations.â
Two LifePak Nano packets have
100% of recommended daily
requirements of Biotin.
98. What can you do at 100?
⢠Rita Levi Montalcini, MD
⢠Nobel Prize â Medicine 1986
⢠Birthday â April 18, 1909
⢠âAt 100, I have a mind
that is superior â thanks
to experience â than when I was
20.â
99. TR 90 â a look back
October 28, 2013 January 28, 2014
Jan 29, 2014
100.
101. Success and Failure (Jim Rohn)
What about you? Youâve only got one body.
⢠âErrors in judgementâ - High glycemic eating,
no exercise, poor nutrition, lousy or no
supplementation, high stress lifestyle.
- âGood disciplinesâ â appropriate diet,
supplementation, exercise, hormones. Stress
management. Decent lifestyle.
102. âFor me, the practice of medicine has
opened the door to the greatest adventure in
life. Medicine is like a hallway lined with
doors, each door opening into a different
room, and each room opening
into another hallway,
again lined with doors.
Medicine is always
wonderful and never will
be finished.â
- Charles H. Mayo, M.D.
103. Contact information:
Louis B. Cady, M.D.
www.cadywellness.com
www.tmsrelief.com
Office: 812-429-0772
E-mail: lcady@cadywellness.com
4727 Rosebud Lane â Suite F
Interstate Office Park
Newburgh, IN 47630 (USA)
Download from
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Editor's Notes
Speaker note â transitionâ of tale of three women.
FROM WIKIPEDIA - Epidermis
Epidermis, "epi" coming from the Greek meaning "over" or "upon", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina.
The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion from blood capillaries extending to the upper layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer. The daughter cells (see cell division) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source. The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted. They eventually reach the corneum and slough off (desquamation). This process is called keratinization and takes place within about 27 days. This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out, making skin a natural barrier to infection. From WIKIpedia
Based on clinical studies with the biophotonic scanner, we have identified a number of factors that may influence your score. The average skin carotenoid score for Europeans is 26,673, those who eat the recommended 5-9 fruits and vegetables or take lifepak regularly have even higher scores. What is really exciting is that people with the best lifestyles - eat the recommended 5-9 fruits and vegetables, take LifePak regularly, avoid cigarettes, and so on, have the very highest scores, in the 40,000 range. Therefore, the effects of a good lifestyle are cumulative when it comes to Antioxidant protection.
The other point I would like to make is that people with known oxidative stress such as smokers, have lower scanner scores, just as we would predict, but people who are overweight or obese tend to have even lower scores than smokers! Thus it appears that obesity depletes antioxidant levels even more than smoking.
METHODS:
In the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg), which was recruited in 1994-1998, 23,943 participants without pre-existing cancer and myocardial infarction/stroke at baseline were included in the analyses. Vitamin/mineral supplementation was assessed at baseline and during follow-up. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS:
After an average follow-up time of 11 years, 1,101 deaths were documented (cancer deaths = 513 and cardiovascular deaths = 264). After adjustment for potential confounders, neither any vitamin/mineral supplementation nor multivitamin supplementation at baseline was statistically significantly associated with cancer, cardiovascular, or all-cause mortality. However, baseline users of antioxidant vitamin supplements had a significantly reduced risk of cancer mortality (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.97) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.88). In comparison with never users, baseline non-users who started taking vitamin/mineral supplements during follow-up had significantly increased risks of cancer mortality (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.77) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.14).
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on limited numbers of users and cases, this cohort study suggests that supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might possibly reduce cancer and all-cause mortality. The significantly increased risks of cancer and all-cause mortality among baseline non-users who started taking supplements during follow-up may suggest a "sick-user effect," which researchers should be cautious of in future observational studies.
One study of Swedish women found that vitamin A intake was negatively associated with bone mineral density, and for every one mg increase in daily vitamin A consumption, risk of hip fracture increased by 68 percent. This is because vitamin A is known to counteract the ability of vitamin D and calcium to build bone density, and excess vitamin A leads to bone loss.
Supplement quality can be compromised at many stages of the production process and the most common problems are contamination and low potency. When companies want to cut cost they use cheaper raw materials, which result in a lower quality product. For example, in the case of magnesium, magnesium oxide is a cheap, small molecule that isnât absorbed well by the body, whereas magnesium glycinate and citrate are large molecules that are harder to package but much more easily absorbed. This type of magnesium is effective at raising blood serum levels, but it is also more pricey to produce. Low quality supplements like magnesium oxide arenât absorbed by the body. Rather, they pass right through and can cause negative side effectsâmagnesium oxide can have a laxative effect.
These notes quoted from Flawed Iowa Women's Health Study Used to Discredit Supplements: Don't Believe It!
by Charles Poliquin
When repleted - results pretty quickly. âIf if spasms, think magnesiumâ â bowel, bronchial.