This is the presentation Victor Montori (KER UNIT, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Mayo Clinic) gave at the Normalization Process Theory symposium at King's Fund, London, UK on October 22, 2010.

1. Focusing on work thanks
to NPT: treatment fit and
minimally disruptive
medicine
Victor M. Montori, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine
Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes
Mayo Clinic

2. Disclosure
Relevant Financial RelationshipsRelevant Financial Relationships
NoneNone
Off Label UsageOff Label Usage
NoneNone

3. EBM x KT = ROI

4. Key problem:
Do not follow advice
Poor health despite cost and side effects
Complicated patient-clinician relationship
Wasted or misallocated healthcare
resources:
US$ 290b (100b in avoidable
hospitalizations)
Cutler and Everett NEJM 2010 10.1056/NEJMp1002305

5. Rasmussen, J. N. et al. JAMA 2007;297:177-
186.

6. Mann D et al. J Behav Med (2009) 32:278–284
Need Low High Low High
Concerns High High Low Low
Beliefs and adherence in diabetes

7. Coercion thru threats of dire outcomes
from poor control of the disorder are
doubly unethical: it does not work and high
anxiety patients withdraw from care when
threatened.
Haynes et al. JAMA 2002

8. Poor fidelity to treatments is the patient’s fault
Intentional noncompliance
Beliefs about the disease
and about the treatments
Professional
communication Patient
education
Behavioral interventions
Shared decision making
Pound et al. Soc Sci Med 2005

9. Encounter Research

10. Mayo Clinic Shared Decision Making Resource Center
KER UNIT
http://shareddecisions.mayoclinic.org

11. Weymiller et al. Arch Intern Med 2007

13. 13

14. NPT in decision aid trials
• NPT orients analyses of factors that promote
or inhibit the routinization of decision aids in
practice:
–Decision aids in diabetes trial
–Translating comparative effectiveness into practice
trial
–AMI Choice trial
• NPT orients analyses of factors that promote
or inhibit the routinization of therapies in lives
of patients.

15. 55
Diabetes
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Depression
Bad back
Can’t sleep
Obese
A1c 8.2%
LDL high
HCTZ
Beta-blocker
Metformin
Glipizide
Neuropathy
108 kg
Pain
Endocrinologist
Podiatrist
Dietitian
Dizzy
Take off work
Get a ride
Take pills
Check sugars
Avoid salt, fats,
carbs
Exercise
Check his feet
3 2 1
Numbers don’t add up
Deadline is now
take work home
perform!
Daughter back at home
2 beautiful girls
Wasted!
mortgage
debt
insurance

16. FIT
Collaborate to co-create a program that fits
better
Intensify treatment

17. Increasingly complex regimens
Treatments | Monitoring
Decreasing healthcare support
Shift towards self-management
Poor care coordination
Evidence-based guidelines are disease-specific
Increasing treatment burden
Failure to cope
Poor fidelity to the treatment program

18. The work of being
a chronic patient
Self-reported
48 min / day
incomplete
“not enough time”
Desirable (ADA)
122 minutes/day
+ admin
143 minutes/day
Russell LB et al. JFP 2005; 54: 52-56

19. 115 workload discussions in 43 encounters with DM2
Duration: mean 24 min/visit
43
(38%)
29
(25%)
20
(17%)23
(20%)
 Access
– Insurance, cost, pharmacy,
obtaining appt, transportation
 Administration
– Insulin, diet, exercise, many
doses/day
 Effects
– Intended/Unintended
 Monitoring
– Lab tests, self-monitoring
70% burden left
unaddressed!

20. NPT and the work of patienthood
Sense-making work Organizing work and enrolling others
Doing the work Reflection, monitoring, appraisal
K. Gallacher and colleagues (Glasgow)

21. NPT-based dimensions of treatment burden
Organizing work and enrolling others
Doing the work Reflection, monitoring, appraisal
Learning about
treatments and their
consequences
Gain an understanding of
illness, tests, treatment,
and when to seek help

22. Sense-making work
Doing the work Reflection, monitoring, appraisal
Engaging with others
Gaining support, advice,
reassurance.
Organize transport,
prescriptions
NPT-based dimensions of treatment burden

23. Sense-making work Organizing work and enrolling others
Reflection, monitoring, appraisal
Adhering to treatments and
lifestyle changes
Attending appointments, taking
medicines, enacting lifestyle
changes
Overcoming barriers to access,
finances
Integrating treatment into social
circumstances
NPT-based dimensions of treatment burden

24. Sense-making work Organizing work and enrolling others
Doing the work
Monitoring the treatments
Altering management
routine
Appraising treatments and
medical advice
NPT-based dimensions of treatment burden

25. Minimally disruptive healthcare
Health care delivery designed to reduce
the burden of treatment on patients
while pursuing patient goals
May CR, Montori VM, Mair FS. BMJ 2009; 339:b2803

26. Minimally disruptive healthcare
Burden of
treatment
Coordination
of care
Comorbidity
in clinical
evidence and
guidelines
Prioritize from
the patient’s
perspective

27. LDL cholesterol
HbA1c
Bone mineral density
Blood pressure
Weight

28. Live longer
Feel better
Live unhindered by complications
Minimally disruptive healthcare

29. Long crazy story short for now, I just cracked a
light beer, i plan to drink 4 tall boy light beers.
What sort of drama can i expect with the meds
im on? Please be kind with me, im trying real
hard and its not easy. I fully know all about the
fact im out of control with beer.
I would just like to know the facts from people
who have drank on these meds.

30. Disobedience, the rarest and most
courageous of the virtues, is seldom
distinguished from neglect, the laziest
and commonest of the vices
George Bernard Shaw

31. FIT

32. http://kerunit.e-bm.org
http://kercards.e-bm.info
http://shareddecisions.mayoclinic.org
montori.victor@mayo.edu
@vmontori
http://minimallydisruptivemedicine.org