Nice performance using Sf2 cache wrapping Sf1 application

Nice performance using SF2 cache wrapping sf1 application Marc Weistroff Emmanuel Cohen Sf Live SF 2011 Tuesday, February 8 th 2011

Who we are
Emmanuel Cohen
Project manager at Sensio Labs
4 year experience with PHP5
5+ year experience with Java EE
Learned Basic on Amstrad CPC 6128

Who we are
Marc Weistroff
Developer at Sensio Labs since 11/2009
Lead developer on this project
Experiences with C, and PHP from version 3
Encountered programming with Amos Basic on Amiga 500

This talk
Symfony2
symfony 1
HTTP Cache
Edge Side Includes (ESI)
Web architecture
Online media

Our client
L’Express Magazine (Express-Roularta Group)
Magazine created in 1953
www.lexpress.fr
Top 3 French online news

The project
A cultural knowledge base
A bridge between hot news and cultural knowledge
An extension of www.lexpress.fr

Technical objectives
Performance
A full scale Proof-of-Concept for the future
Keep it Simple

Constraints
Heterogeneous XML Sources
Solution based on sf1
Adaptability (for future extensions)

How does this app work ?

The application : System design HTML Renderer XML Server OCARI Culture OCARI Content
Stores
Normalizes
Aggregates
Serves XML
Sources deliver heterogeneous data
Renders HTML with XSL
Renders static layouts

So
Highly specialized applications
Loose coupling
Front dedicated to delivering content fast

Addressing performance

Addressing performance
With Symfony2 built-in Gateway :
HTTP cache
ESI

HTTP Cache
HTTP RFC http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/
Symfony2 uses HTTP cache headers to handle cache (Cache-Control : s-maxage, age, Last-Modified, …)
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-12

HTTP Cache
symfony 1
Application cache
Symfony2
light-weight HttpKernel supports cache
uses a standard

Cache Issues
Find out what’s stale
Selective expiration (or validation)

Performance > Cache > ESI
A markup language
W3C note from Akamai
http:// www.w3.org/TR/esi-lang
http:// www.akamai.com/html/support/esi.html

ESI : A page in lexpress.fr

ESI : Edge Side Includes
Each fragment has its own ttl or validation rule => the fragments are selectively refreshed
Dependance is defined once and for all

How does ESI work?

What is an ESI?
Represented by an HTML Tag
<esi:include src=“/movie/dogma/critics” />
Processed by a proxy
Transformed into HTTP Request to the application
Response is inserted in place of the esi tag
HTTP cache is handled independently for each esi tag

/movie/dogma

Html Fragment
Pure HTML
Inserted in lieu of the <esi /> tag
No <html>, <body> or <head> tag in this case

What you need
Any client!
A proxy that handles ESI (ie: Varnish or Symfony2)
An application that delivers HTML and HTTP cache headers
Serve HTML pages that contain ESI tags

First request ever Client Proxy Application /movie/dogma /movie/dogma miss Cache-Control: s-maxage=600 /movie/dogma/casting /movie/dogma/critics Cache-Control: s-maxage=3600 Cache-Control: s-maxage=300

Request at t+200 Client Proxy Application /movie/dogma hit

The application is never hit! As if the complete page was cached in the reverse proxy

Request at t+500 Client Proxy Application /movie/dogma /movie/dogma/critics Cache-Control: s-maxage=300 hit

The application is partially hit And has to build only a small fragment of the page

Pros
You use HTTP cache, not the application one.
Performance improvements!
Granularity: Different cache strategy or TTL on different parts of your page

Cons
Your app will be hit n times upon the very first request
Your app have to be designed to support the rendering of fragments

But our app is symfony 1 right ?

What to do with your symfony 1 application when you are dying to use Symfony2?
Wrap it. Our app is symfony 1

Wrapping symfony 1 with Symfony2

Constraint
We use the Symfony2 ESI/Cache proxy
All the call to our app is done in the same PHP process

symfony 1 needs tweaking in order to work around a few obstacles

Which ones ?
It is not reentrant
sfConfig singleton
sfContext singleton
It sends the response directly to the client
Filter chain execution
At the end, sfRenderingFilter sends the complete response

What about Symfony2?
Better architecture: Symfony2 is reentrant
Symfony2 is heavily based on interfaces
Symfony2 is divided into several components
HttpKernelHttpKernelInterface

HttpKernelHttpKernelInterface
Lightweight (1 method)
Forces to implement a “handle” method that accepts a Symfony2 Request object and returns a Symfony2 Response object
Used by all the classes that act as a Kernel in Symfony2 (ie: HttpKernelHttpCache)

Addressing the issues
Reentrance
Override the super globals
Create a fresh new context each time
Filter chain
Replace sfRenderingFilter by a noRenderingFilter class
Create a Symfony2 Response object and returns it

Final app architecture EsiCacheKernel SymfonyWrapperKernel symfony 1 application

https://github.com/marcw/sflive-2011

Then… You have to design your app to serve HTML fragments!

Designing your app
Don’t think partials or components, think actions!
Actions render HTML fragments
Actions MUST define explicitly the response cache headers.

And now where happy

What to do next ?

Proxy ESI New response Or 304 URL-> {ETag} ETag-> lastmodified If Etag absent or stale Response with HTTP headers Etag LastModified Client Request with HTTP headers If-None-Match If-Modified-Since App New response Or 304 If cache entry is not fresh enough Cache Validation Optimizer

Contact @ L’Express
Sébastien Angèle
[email_address]
Jérôme Macias
[email_address]

Questions ?
Marc Weistroff
@futurecat
[email_address]
http://www.marcw.net
Emmanuel Cohen
@emmanuelcohen
[email_address]

Thank you! Please rate this talk at http://joind.in/2596

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Nice performance using Sf2 cache wrapping Sf1 application

by Marc Weistroff on Feb 09, 2011

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