Android An Open Platform For Mobile Devices

Android™ An Open Platform for Mobile Devices

Outline
Introduction
What is Android?
Android: How it came to be
Android Features
Android Architecture
Anatomy of an Android Application
Hello Android
Life Cycle of an Android Application
Future of Android

What is Android?
Android
Open, free software platform for mobile devices with a complete software stack
Operating system
Middleware
Key mobile applications
Based on Linux operating system
Made available as open source via the Apache v2 license
Industry can add proprietary functionality to their products without giving anything back to the platform
Companies can remove functionality if they choose

Android: How it came to be
Android
The first complete, open and free mobile platform
Release in November 2007
Initially rumored to be some kind of Gphone
An Open Handset Alliance Project

Open Handset Alliance Android: How it came to be
Open Handset Alliance
Group of more that 30 technology and mobile companies developing Android
Goal
Accelerate innovation in mobile and offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and better mobile experience

Open Handset Alliance Android: How it came to be
Members of the Alliance
Mobile Operators Semiconductor Companies Handset Manufacturers Software Companies Commercialization Companies

Open Android is...
Allows access to core mobile device functionality through standard API calls
Example
Application can call core functionality such as making calls, sending text messages, using camera...
Developers can create richer and more cohesive experiences for users
Since it's open source, it can be liberally extended as new technologies emerge

Advantages of an Open Platform Android is...Open
Consumers
Cheaper mobile devices
More innovative mobile devices and services
Easier-to-use user interfaces
Rich portfolio of applications

Mobile Operators
Lower overall cost of handsets
They will have complete flexibility to customize and differentiate their product lines
More rapid innovation in handsets and services

Handset manufacturers
Lower software BOM (bill of material) costs
Faster time-to-market for handset
Greater flexibility to customized and differentiate product offerings

Semiconductor companies
As cellphone-on-a-chip becomes a reality
Semiconductor companies will need to access more sophisticated software that take advantage of the enhanced features (3D graphics, signal processor cores, dedicated blocks of multimedia acceleration etc)‏
An open platform will give support to these new peripherals in the platform and will allow semiconductor companies to give 3 rd party developers access to these enhanced features in a timely manner

Software companies
Allow simplified integration of software components into a complete mobile platform
More income for them
Handset manufacturers will invest in high value and differentiated software components since there are lower acquisition costs in the mobile platform

Developers
Able to innovate rapidly because they will have comprehensive API access to handset capabilities that are web-ready
Increase productivity
Comprehensive and easy-to-use developer tools
Deeper understanding of the underlying platform will lead them to better optimize their applications
Distribution and commercialization of mobile applications will be less expensive and easier

All Applications are Equal In Android...
Android does not differentiate between the phone's basic and third party applications
All applications have equal access to the phone's capabilities
Example:
The dialer and home screen can be replaced

Breaking down boundaries Android is...
Information from the web can be combined with data on the phone
Example:
Contacts, calendar or geographic location

Fast and Easy Development Android allows...
SDK (Software development kit) includes
True device emulator and advanced debugging tools
Useful libraries and tools
Example
Obtain location of the device
Allow devices to communicate with one another

No REAL Android Phones Yet As of the time these slides are made: April 29, 2008 http://www.google-phone.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/android_htc_prototype_live_image_1.jpg Android HTC Prototype Android Emulator Willcom Android demo reference board http://www.google-phone.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/willcom_core_android_module_2.jpg

Android Features
Application framework
enable reuse and replacement of components
Dalvik virtual machine
optimized for mobile devices
Integrated browser
based on the open source WebKit engine
Optimized graphics
powered by a custom 2D graphics library
3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional)

Android Features
SQLite
For structured data storage
Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF
GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)‏

Android Features
Rich development environment which includes
device emulator
tools for debugging
memory and performance profiling
a plugin for the Eclipse IDE

Android Architecture Major components of the Android OS Java C/C++

Linux Kernel Android Architecture
Linux Kernel 2.6
Abstraction layer between the hardware and software stack
Why Linux?
Proven driver model and has existing drivers
Has memory management, security management, networking, core operating system infrastructure, etc.
Robust and already has been proven over time

Libraries Android Architecture
Written in C and C++
The core power of the Android platform

Libraries Android Architecture Responsible for composing different drawing surfaces (ex: diff. windows/applications/process all drawing at the same time) to the screen
Make up the core of the graphics library.
OpenGL (3D graphics engine)‏
SGL (2D graphics engine)
Can combine 3D and 2D graphics in the same application

Libraries Android Architecture Provided by PacketVideo OpenCore Support for: MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG Bitmap and Vector font rendering Secure Sockets Layer Protocol for transmitting private documents

Libraries Android Architecture A powerful lightweight relational database engine An open source browser engine. Used as the core of the browser which is the same browser powering Safari.

Android Runtime Android Architecture
Main Component: Dalvik Virtual Machine
Optimized for running in an embedded environment (limited memory, CPU,battery)‏
Runs .dex files (bytecodes)‏
.class .jar files Optimized! More efficient! Converted at build time

Android Runtime Android Architecture
Core Library
Contains all the collection classes, utilities, IO, etc.

Application Framework Android Architecture
Toolkit that all applications (core, by Google, you:)...)‏
* XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
An open XML technology for real-time communication (instant messaging, shared editing, etc)‏
All written using the Java Programming Language

Application Framework Android Architecture Manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack Keeps track what applications are installed in device Manages Windows Contains APIs used to build the phone application

Application Framework Android Architecture Allows applications to share data with other applications (ex: contact info is available to others)‏ Used to store localized strings, bitmaps, layout file descriptions, etc. Contains all building blocks of the UI Provides support for location-based services* * Support depends on the underlying device

Application Framework Android Architecture Handles notification of users about events that happen Examples of notification forms: persistent icon in the status bar, vibrating, playing sound, etc.)‏ Allows applications to communicate between devices through GtalkService . GtalkService maintains a persistent socket connection, therefore the response time is faster than SMS.

Applications Android Architecture
Core Applications
Email client
SMS program
Calendar
Maps
Browser
Contacts
etc
All applications are written using the Java Programming Language

Anatomy of an Android Application
Application Building Blocks
Activity
Intent Receiver
Service
Content Provider

Activity Anatomy of an Android Application
Activity
UI typically corresponding to one screen
Move through screens by starting other activities
Example
Email application has 3 major activity
List your mail
Chosen individual mail message
Compose screen

Intent Receiver Anatomy of an Android Application
Intent Receiver
Responds to notifications or status changes
Can wake up your process
Doesn't run unless triggered by an external event
Example
Only run an application when connected to the network

Service Anatomy of an Android Application
Service
Faceless task that runs in the background
Example
Music player
Keeps playing even though you are navigating to other parts

Content Provider Anatomy of an Android Application
Content Provider
Enables applications to share data
Example
Any application can access the contacts database

Hello Android A Peek at an Android App

Application Lifecycle
Every application runs its own process
Benefits: security, protected memory, applications using CPU intensively won't block other activities

Processes are started and stopped as needed to run an application's components

Processes are started and stopped as needed to run an application's components
Processes may be killed to reclaim resources
It's my problem to launch/ kill processes, manage resources, saving states, etc.

Interesting APIs

Will Android succeed? Future of Android Charles Golvin While I believe the effort by the Open Handset Alliance will have a significant impact on the market, I think it will build slowly over time. Even if there is a tidal wave of new devices using the Android platform, they will still represent a relatively small portion of the overall market. http://news.zdnet.co.uk/communications/0,1000000085,39290579,00.htm http://venturebeat.com/2008/01/04/roundup-more-google-departures-the-future-of-android-and-more/ Steve Balmer (CEO Microsoft)‏ Google's efforts are still on paper right now it's hard to do a very clear comparison. In terms of openness and broad support, we've done very well with Windows mobile...etc. We'll have to see what Google does. http://youtube.com/watch?v=zwIUEnXctuA

Will Android succeed? Future of Android Steve Balmer(Microsoft) & Nigel Clifford(Symbian) on Android http:// youtube.com/watch?v = zwIUEnXctuA

Will Android succeed? Future of Android Cranky Geeks http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =SOgRMi4ad3c&NR=1

Will Android succeed? Future of Android
I guess we'll just have to wait and see...
:)‏

Vielen Dank für die Aufmerksamkeit!

References
General Information
http://code.google.com/android/
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
http://www.intomobile.com/2007/08/27/google-gphone-confirmed-as-low-cost-sub-100-device.html
http://www.webpronews.com/blogtalk/2006/12/18/apples-iphone-then-googles-gphone
http://www.xmpp.org/
http://www.youtube.com/ (Androidology series)‏
Images
http://www.phonemag.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/android_feb08_sdk_one.jpg
http://www.google-phone.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/android_htc_prototype_live_image_1.jpg
http://www.google-phone.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/willcom_core_android_module_2.jpg
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
http://code.google.com/android/

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Android An Open Platform For Mobile Devices

by ftbalagt on Mar 11, 2009

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Android An Open Platform For Mobile Devices — Presentation Transcript