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FINNISH LESSONS

   Why are Finnish Students so Smart?


Pasi Sahlberg, PhD
Director General
CIMO (Ministry of Education)
Helsinki

11 July 2011
AFT TEACH Conference 2011
Washington, DC

                                www.pasisahlberg.com
What is Finland?
2010




1790




       Between the West and the East
Education in Finland
Education system performance over
time in Finland and developed nations
        Learning, Participation, Equity, and Efficiency




 1970        1980               1990             2000     2010
Education system in 2011
     5
     4                                                23+
     3                                                22
         Universities                Polytechnics
     2                                                21
     1                      60%                       20                           Specialist
                                                         Work                      vocational
                                                       experience                 qualifications
     3       General              Vocational school   19
     2   upper secondary           Apprenticeship     18                            Further
             school                   training
     1                                                17                           vocational
                                                                                  qualifications
Grades   10                                           Age
                55%                      40%            16
     9




                                                           Compulsory schooling
                                                                                     Work
                                                                                   experience


                        Basic school




     1
                                                            7
                         Preschool
                                                            6
The Finnish Way 1:
  Less is Better
0
                                      100
                                            200
                                                  300
                                                        400
                                                              500
                                                                    600
                                                                          700
                                                                                800
                                                                                      900
                                                                                                         1000
                                                                                                                1100
                                                                                                                                                             1200
                 United States
                       Mexico
                 New Zealand
                                                                                                                                                                              Hours per year
                      Scotland
                      Australia
            Russian Federation
                     Germany
                      Portugal
                  Netherlands
                        Ireland
                      England
                         Spain
                  Belgium (Fl.)
                      Slovenia
                       Iceland
                  Belgium (Fr.)
                       Norway
                     Denmark
                       France
               Czech Republic
                                                                                       Middle School Teachers




                  Luxembourg
                       Estonia
                        Korea
                                                                                                                                                                                               Finnish teachers teach less…




                      Hungary
                       Austria
                                                                                                                  Net contact time in hours per year in public institutions




                        Japan
                          Italy
                         Israel
                       Finland
                       Poland
                       Greece
OECD 2010
…at all levels of schooling


      High school




                                                                 United States




                                                                 OECD average
Junior high school



                                                                 Finland




   Primary school




                     0     200   400   600   800   1000   1200      Hours per year
Finnish pupils study less


9000
                             Total compulsory instruction hours between 7 and 14 year-olds
8000


7000


6000                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ages 12-14


5000


4000
                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ages 9-11
3000


2000


1000                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ages 7-8


   0
                 Sweden

                          Korea

                                  Norway

                                           Germany

                                                     Greece

                                                              Japan

                                                                      Austria

                                                                                Denmark

                                                                                          OECD average

                                                                                                         Portugal

                                                                                                                    Belgium

                                                                                                                              Spain

                                                                                                                                      Ireland

                                                                                                                                                England

                                                                                                                                                          France

                                                                                                                                                                   Mexico

                                                                                                                                                                            Italy

                                                                                                                                                                                    Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                Netherlands
       Finland




                                                                                                                                                                                                                   OECD 2010
Student achievement costs less


                             580



                                                                                      Finland
                             560




                             540
                                                                                                                                 Canada
                                                                                                                Japan
PISA science score in 2006




                                      Korea                               Australia                Netherlands

                             520                                                              United Kingdom
                                                             Germany                                                                                           Austria      Switzerland
                                                                                                           Belgium

                                                           Ireland
                                                                                                                        Sweden
                             500                                                                                                              Denmark
                                                                                                   France

                                                                              Spain
                                                                                                                                                              Norway                  United States
                             480                                                                         Italy
                                                     Portugal
                                                                              Greece


                             460
                               50,000	
       55,000	
           60,000	
        65,000	
          70,000	
         75,000	
     80,000	
        85,000	
      90,000	
      95,000	
     100,000	
  


                                                                                  Cumulative cost per student in USD (2006)


                                                                                                                                                                                          OECD 2010
The Finnish Way 2:
Test Less, Learn More
Finnish Students are Tested Less

National averages of 15-year-old students learning outcomes in mathematics 2000-06

560




540




520

                                                                                       2000
                                                                                       2003
                                                                                       2006
500




480




460
      USA       UK     Canada   Australia   Japan   New Zealand   Ireland    Finland

                                                                            OECD 2001-2007
Finnish students are good in social studies, too
                             8th Grade Students Civic Knowledge in 2009

            Finland

           Denmark

             Korea

           Sweden

            Poland

            Ireland

               Italy

        Switzerland

            Estonia

     United Kingdom

       New Zealand

            Norway

           Belgium

             Spain

            Austria

              Chile

            Greece

         Luxemburg

            Mexico

                       400          450         500         550           600
                                                                                ICCS 2010
Finnish schools differ less
          Variation in student performance in reading (2009)


                          OECD	
  average	
  42%	
  

                                                       Performance differences between schools




                                                                                                 Finland	
  7.7%	
  
Performance variation of students within schools
The Finnish Way 3:
Teaching is a Dream Job
Applicants to primary school teacher education 2001-10

  7000




  6000


                                                                                                     Male
  5000




  4000
                                                                                                     Female

  3000        Admission:    1st Phase              2nd Phase          3rd Phase
                            - high school merits   - exam             - interview
                            - other merits
  2000




  1000
                           7000                     2000                  660
                                                                                                  Accepted
     0
      2001   2002    2003       2004        2005      2006     2007      2008       2009   2010
Teacher salaries relative to workers with college degree
 1.4



 1.2



  1



 0.8



 0.6



 0.4
        Admission:   1st Phase              2nd Phase   3rd Phase
                     - high school merits   - exam      - interview
 0.2
                     - other merits


  0




                                                                      OECD 2010
Teacher career salary development
Annual statutory salaries in USD (PPP)


      60000
                                                                      Start        Mid   End


      50000



      40000



      30000



      20000                    Admission:          1st Phase              2nd Phase            3rd Phase
                                                   - high school merits   - exam               - interview
                                                   - other merits

      10000



             0
                                         Finland                               OECD                          USA



                                                                                                                   OECD 2010
What can we learn from Finland?
Global
Educational                   Finnish
Reform
Movement
                               Way




Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
Global
    Educational      Finnish
    Reform
    Movement
                      Way



    X
Core subjects     Holistic learning
Global
    Educational                       Finnish
    Reform
    Movement
                                       Way



    X
Standardisation
     Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
                                   Personalisation
Global
   Educational                      Finnish
   Reform
   Movement
                                     Way



   X
Competition
   Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
                                 Collaboration
Global
 Educational                   Finnish
 Reform
 Movement
                                Way



 X
Choice
 Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
                                Equity
Global
  Educational                    Finnish
  Reform
  Movement
                                  Way



  X
Technology
   Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
                                 Pedagogy
Global
 Educational                    Finnish
 Reform
 Movement
                                 Way



  X
Control
  Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
                                 Trust
Advance Praise:

                                            "The story of Finland's extraordinary educational reforms is one that should inform
                                            policymakers and educators around the world. No one tells this story more clearly
                                            and engagingly than Pasi Sahlberg, who has lived and studied these reforms for
                                            decades. This book is a must read.”
                                                                              —Linda Darling-Hammond, Charles E. Ducommun
                                                                              Professor of Education and Co-Director of the Stanford
                                                                              Center for Opportunity Policy in Education at Stanford
                                                                              University

                                            “A terrific synthesis by a native Finn, a teacher, a researcher and a policy analyst all
                                            rolled up into one excellent writer. Pasi Sahlberg teaches us a great deal about what
                                            we need to know before engaging in national educational reforms.”
                                                                              —David Berliner, Regents' Professor in the College Of
                                                                              Education at Arizona State University

                                            ”Pasi Sahlberg is the best education policy expert to share the Finnish experiences
                                            with the international community. I have known him for decades and this book
                                            confirms that he is not only a practitioner but also a visionary that we Finns need when
                                            searching for the solutions to our educational challenges.”
                                                                              —Erkki Aho, Director General (1973 – 1991), Finnish
                                                                              National Board of Education

                                            "This book is a wake-up call for the U.S. Finland went from mediocre academic
                                            results to one of the top performers in the world. And, they did it with minimal testing,
                                            teacher unions, national collaboration, and elevating teaching to a high-status calling.
                                            This is the antidote to the NCLB paralysis."
                                                                              —Henry M. Levin, William Heard Kilpatrick Professor of
          Foreword by Andy Hargreaves                                         Economics and Education, Teachers College, Columbia
                                                                              University and David Jacks Professor of Education and
                                                                              Economics, Emeritus Stanford University




Available October 2011, Paperback, $34.95
         ISBN: 978-0-8077-5257-9
                                                                        Thank You!

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Finnish lessons

  • 1. FINNISH LESSONS Why are Finnish Students so Smart? Pasi Sahlberg, PhD Director General CIMO (Ministry of Education) Helsinki 11 July 2011 AFT TEACH Conference 2011 Washington, DC www.pasisahlberg.com
  • 3. 2010 1790 Between the West and the East
  • 5. Education system performance over time in Finland and developed nations Learning, Participation, Equity, and Efficiency 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
  • 6. Education system in 2011 5 4 23+ 3 22 Universities Polytechnics 2 21 1 60% 20 Specialist Work vocational experience qualifications 3 General Vocational school 19 2 upper secondary Apprenticeship 18 Further school training 1 17 vocational qualifications Grades 10 Age 55% 40% 16 9 Compulsory schooling Work experience Basic school 1 7 Preschool 6
  • 7. The Finnish Way 1: Less is Better
  • 8. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 United States Mexico New Zealand Hours per year Scotland Australia Russian Federation Germany Portugal Netherlands Ireland England Spain Belgium (Fl.) Slovenia Iceland Belgium (Fr.) Norway Denmark France Czech Republic Middle School Teachers Luxembourg Estonia Korea Finnish teachers teach less… Hungary Austria Net contact time in hours per year in public institutions Japan Italy Israel Finland Poland Greece OECD 2010
  • 9. …at all levels of schooling High school United States OECD average Junior high school Finland Primary school 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Hours per year
  • 10. Finnish pupils study less 9000 Total compulsory instruction hours between 7 and 14 year-olds 8000 7000 6000 Ages 12-14 5000 4000 Ages 9-11 3000 2000 1000 Ages 7-8 0 Sweden Korea Norway Germany Greece Japan Austria Denmark OECD average Portugal Belgium Spain Ireland England France Mexico Italy Australia Netherlands Finland OECD 2010
  • 11. Student achievement costs less 580 Finland 560 540 Canada Japan PISA science score in 2006 Korea Australia Netherlands 520 United Kingdom Germany Austria Switzerland Belgium Ireland Sweden 500 Denmark France Spain Norway United States 480 Italy Portugal Greece 460 50,000   55,000   60,000   65,000   70,000   75,000   80,000   85,000   90,000   95,000   100,000   Cumulative cost per student in USD (2006) OECD 2010
  • 12. The Finnish Way 2: Test Less, Learn More
  • 13. Finnish Students are Tested Less National averages of 15-year-old students learning outcomes in mathematics 2000-06 560 540 520 2000 2003 2006 500 480 460 USA UK Canada Australia Japan New Zealand Ireland Finland OECD 2001-2007
  • 14. Finnish students are good in social studies, too 8th Grade Students Civic Knowledge in 2009 Finland Denmark Korea Sweden Poland Ireland Italy Switzerland Estonia United Kingdom New Zealand Norway Belgium Spain Austria Chile Greece Luxemburg Mexico 400 450 500 550 600 ICCS 2010
  • 15. Finnish schools differ less Variation in student performance in reading (2009) OECD  average  42%   Performance differences between schools Finland  7.7%   Performance variation of students within schools
  • 16. The Finnish Way 3: Teaching is a Dream Job
  • 17. Applicants to primary school teacher education 2001-10 7000 6000 Male 5000 4000 Female 3000 Admission: 1st Phase 2nd Phase 3rd Phase - high school merits - exam - interview - other merits 2000 1000 7000 2000 660 Accepted 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
  • 18. Teacher salaries relative to workers with college degree 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 Admission: 1st Phase 2nd Phase 3rd Phase - high school merits - exam - interview 0.2 - other merits 0 OECD 2010
  • 19. Teacher career salary development Annual statutory salaries in USD (PPP) 60000 Start Mid End 50000 40000 30000 20000 Admission: 1st Phase 2nd Phase 3rd Phase - high school merits - exam - interview - other merits 10000 0 Finland OECD USA OECD 2010
  • 20. What can we learn from Finland?
  • 21. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way Foreword by Andy Hargreaves
  • 22. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Core subjects Holistic learning
  • 23. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Standardisation Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Personalisation
  • 24. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Competition Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Collaboration
  • 25. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Choice Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Equity
  • 26. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Technology Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Pedagogy
  • 27. Global Educational Finnish Reform Movement Way X Control Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Trust
  • 28. Advance Praise: "The story of Finland's extraordinary educational reforms is one that should inform policymakers and educators around the world. No one tells this story more clearly and engagingly than Pasi Sahlberg, who has lived and studied these reforms for decades. This book is a must read.” —Linda Darling-Hammond, Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education and Co-Director of the Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education at Stanford University “A terrific synthesis by a native Finn, a teacher, a researcher and a policy analyst all rolled up into one excellent writer. Pasi Sahlberg teaches us a great deal about what we need to know before engaging in national educational reforms.” —David Berliner, Regents' Professor in the College Of Education at Arizona State University ”Pasi Sahlberg is the best education policy expert to share the Finnish experiences with the international community. I have known him for decades and this book confirms that he is not only a practitioner but also a visionary that we Finns need when searching for the solutions to our educational challenges.” —Erkki Aho, Director General (1973 – 1991), Finnish National Board of Education "This book is a wake-up call for the U.S. Finland went from mediocre academic results to one of the top performers in the world. And, they did it with minimal testing, teacher unions, national collaboration, and elevating teaching to a high-status calling. This is the antidote to the NCLB paralysis." —Henry M. Levin, William Heard Kilpatrick Professor of Foreword by Andy Hargreaves Economics and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University and David Jacks Professor of Education and Economics, Emeritus Stanford University Available October 2011, Paperback, $34.95 ISBN: 978-0-8077-5257-9 Thank You!