Chennai ā£ļø Call Girl 6378878445 Call Girls in Chennai Escort service book now
Ā
Meeting the needs of children with special needs
1. Meeting the Needs of
Children and Families
Inclusion of Children with Special Needs
Lisa McCaie
April, 2, 2014
Eun Kyoung Seo
2. Introduction to the child and family
Jamie is three year old boy. When his family moved to
Canada, he was diagnosed with Autism at 21 months old.
His parents could not accept this fact and his mom spent
most of time crying and feeling depressed. His father also
did not want to talk about it. His mother was always busy
making appointments on the phone and taking him to the
hospital. His older brother thought that Jamie was dying
because they were spending so much time at the hospital.
After Jamieās diagnosis as Autism, his familyās daily life
has changed.
3. Introduction to the child and family
Needs of the child
Jamie is profoundly autistic and was diagnosed that at 21
months old. This would affect his overall development such
as language, social, emotional, cognitive and physical
development. Thus, Jamie needs appropriate education
and intervention programs within a inclusive environment.
4. Introduction to the child and family
Needs of the family
Jamieās family is new to Canada and Jamie was
diagnosed with Autism. When considering this situation,
his family needs multiple services such as:
Settlement services
Counseling service
Consultations with a specialist
5. Introduction to the individual special need
Jamieās special needs
Jamie is profoundly autistic and was diagnosed that at 21
months old.
6. Video Clip āWhat is Autism?ā
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrmgARFEYY0
7. Introduction to the individual special need
What is Autism?
According to reading package, āAutism is the result of a
neurological disorder that
- Affects the functioning of the brain
- Often appears relatively typical in their development until
the age of 24-30 months
- Delays in language, play, or social interaction
- Is a combination of several developmental challengesā
(Reading package)
8. Introduction to the individual special need
Common traits of Autism:
-Impaired communication: lack of language skills, gestures are used on
behalf of words and repeating spoken language is present
-Problem with social relationships and play skills: Lack of eye contact,
short attention span, difficulties in making friends and interacting with
others.
-Engagement in stereotypical/repetitive behaviours: showing an
obsessive interest in a single item such as train and showing difficulty
with changes in routine
-Sensory impairment: sensitivities to sensory stimulation such as sight,
hearing, touch, smell and taste
-(Reading package)
9. Introduction to the individual special need
What are the causes of Autism?
The causes of Autism are associated with genetic,
environmental and parental factors.
According to reading package, āalthough a single specific
cause of autism is not known, current research links
autism to biological or neurological differences in the
brain
- There is a genetic basis to the disorder
- Probably involves several genes
in combinationā
(Reading package)
10. Introduction to the individual special need
Cause continuedā¦
Also, there are some other factors that may cause autism
such as:
-Environmental toxins (e.g. heavy metals such as mercury
and air pollution)
-Parental environment such as advanced age in either
parent
-Taking Psychiatric drugs
during pregnancy
(Autism society Ontario)
11. Introduction to the individual special need
Four different types of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)
There are four different types of Autism Spectrum Disorder:
ā¢ Autism
ā¢ Pervasive Developmental Disorder(PDD)
ā¢ Aspergerās Syndrome
ā¢ Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
ā¢(Reading package)
12. Introduction to the individual special need
Autism:
-Language develops slowly
-Difficulties in communicating with other people
-Sensitive to sensory stimulation such as hearing, sight,
touch, smell, and taste
-Lack of eye contact
-More common in boys
-(Week 3, class note)
13. Introduction to the individual special need
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)
- āCommonly referred to as atypical autism
- Severe impairment in specified behavioursā
-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
-āCharacterized by normal development for at least the first 2
years
-Followed by a significant loss of previously-acquired skillsā
-(Reading package)
14. Introduction to the individual special need
Aspergerās Syndrome
-Common characteristics to autism
-Difficulties in social interactions
-Lack of communication skills
-Little impairment in language,
and cognitive skills
-More common in boys
(Week 3, Class note)
15. Introduction to the individual special need
Diagnosis of Autism
Actually there is no medical test for diagnosing autism, so
diagnosis of Autism based on the observation of the
individualās behaviour and communication. Also, it should
be evaluated by multi disciplinary team such as a
neurologist, psychologist, developmental pediatrician,
and speech language pathologist.
(Reading package)
16. Introduction to the individual special need
Jamieās special needs
Based on all information about Autism, Jamie might be
displaying lack of language skill, difficulty in playing with
friends, short attention span, lack of spontaneous play
and social interaction with others. Therefore, it is
important to understand the characteristics of Autism and
provide appropriate education and intervention programs
in the child care centre as soon as possible. By providing
an effective learning environment, he can improve not
only his communication skills but also social relationships
with peers through play, activities and appropriate
materials.
17. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
18. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Materials, toys and equipment
It is important to provide Jamie with a variety of materials
because he will show an obsessive interest in a single item
such as car. By providing new and exciting materials, he
can have interests in other toys. Also, by displaying them
within his eye level, he can see them easily and it will be
easy to access.
19. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Classroom Label
A labeling system will provide Jamie with information
about where to find items without other peopleā help. It
will allow him to know about where toys need to be put
away. This will allow him to have more independence in
accessing toys and materials.
20. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Stability & Predictability
It is important to provide Jamie with a stable and predictable
schedule because he has difficult time when changing
routines. By posting daily routine schedule with time and
pictures on the wall, he can easily see it and predict the daily
routine.
21. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Involvement of Typical Children
It is critical to provide Jamie with opportunities to participate in
cooperative play because he has difficulties with interacting
with others. By providing him with opportunities to participate
in cooperative play through toys or activities, he can learn how
to play with others and take turns which will develop his social
skills. Also, by listening to othersā conversations, he can
develop his language skill.
22. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Collaborative Planning
When planning a curriculum for Jamie, it is important to
include his parents and other teachers. By sharing ideas
about his strengths and weaknesses together, we can
have more ideas to improve his needs and co-plan in a
productive way.
23. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Modification of physical environment
Parents of Children with Special Needs
It is important to provide meetings for Jamieās family so that
they can feel free to come to the child care centre to meet
with staff. Also, by providing resources and information, they
can get accurate and up-dated information about Jamieās
special needs.
24. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Giving Instruction
Before giving instructions, it is important to give Jamie a
warning, so he can prepare for the next step. This is
because he has difficulty in changing routines. I will give him
instructions using simple language with visual strategies
such as photographs. Then, I will say it once, then give him
time to think about it.
25. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Reinforcement
When Jamie demonstrated his social skills such as
taking turn and lining up, I will reinforce the behaviours
by praising him, smiling and providing him with his
favourite activities. I will also reinforce his social skills
by providing him with his favourite toy.
26. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Using Visuals
To increase Jamieās comprehension
what I want him to do, I will use visuals
like photos, gestures and objects.
By using different types visuals,
he will pay more attention,
listen to my instructions carefully
and think about it. This process
will develop his cognitive skills
and expand his attention span.
27. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Visual Prompt
To improve Jamieās language skills, I will use a visual
prompt. This will help him perform the correct response. For
example, I will place the colorful card with words in front of
him and ask him, āwhere is the car?ā If he picks up the car, I
will ask him again, āwhat is this?ā By encouraging him to
answer the question, he will improve his language skills.
28. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Modeling and demonstrations
I will encourage Jamieās social skills by modeling and
demonstrating skills or actions. I will show him how to
share toys and take turns by actively participating during
play time. If he demonstrates social skills, I will also
reinforce his behaviours by praising him.
29. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Task Analysis
It is important to teach Jamie about defined rules and
routines such as washing his hands. I will break down the
complex skills into smaller steps based on his ability so
that he can perform. He can also learn language skills
through this process.
30. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Inclusion of other children
It is important to provide Jamie with a variety of activities
that he can participate in with other children. This will allow
him to have lots of opportunities to develop not only his
social skills but also his language skills by playing with his
peers and listening to his peers conversations. It will also
help him expand his attention span.
31. Meeting the needs in the child care centre
Teaching Strategies
Inclusion of family
I will invite Jamieās parents to the school to observe and
interact with Jamie so that they know about his strengths and
weaknesses. Based on this, they can share information with
me to improve Jamieās needs. It will also allow them to feel
like more included in the program.
32. Overview of referred agencies
Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
About agency:
The goal of this agency is to offer a wide range of clinical
services which are determined individually for each person
with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Through a variety
of clinical services, they help individuals with ASD, and
their families participate in their communities.
(Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation)
33. Overview of referred agencies
Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
They offer:
Services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Social Skill Services : This program provides opportunities to
learn and practice skills for playing with others, making and
keeping friends and getting along with others.
Intensive Multidisciplinary Service (Complex Needs):
This program is designed for chilren who have complex
needs. Behaviour and communication consultants work
closely with the family and support the family through regular
contact when implementing the plan.
(Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation)
34. Overview of referred agencies
Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
They offer:
Services for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Behaviour Communication Services: This program
provides an opportunity to learn behavioural management,
communication and life skills.
Toronto Partnership for Autism Services (TPAS):
This program is a community-based service that helps
children with autism and their families through intensive
behavioural interventions. The agencies are Surrey Place
Centre, Adventure Place, Aisling Discoveries Child and
Family Centre, the Etobicoke Childrenās Centre and
Geneva Centre for Autism. (Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation)
35. Overview of referred agencies
Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
Cost:
This agency is funded by the provincial Ministry of Children
and Youth Services through the Ontario government's
Autism Intervention Program. However, Social Skills
Program does not receive any government funding, so for
the families who want to use this service, the agency is
able to provide the service through donations, fundraising
and grants.
36. Overview of referred agencies
Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
Contact address:
112 Merton Street Toronto,
Ontario Canada M4S 2Z8
Two blocks south of the
Davisville subway station.
Tel: (416) 322-7877
Fax: (416) 322-5894
E-mail: info@autism.net
http://www.autism.net
37. Overview of referred agencies
Adventure Place
About agency:
The goal of this agency is to offer social and
developmental services to help children achieve their full
potential and healthy development. Also, through early
interventions, it reduces the risk of more complex, long
term difficulties.
38. Overview of referred agencies
Adventure Place
They offer:
Day Program: The day program provides high quality and
individualized education and treatment. In this program
social workers, psychologists, speech and language
pathologists, a music therapist and an occupational
therapist consultant are provided. The day programs
approach is holistic, and therapeutic (treatment-focused).
Also, this program is play-based.
(Adventure Place)
39. Overview of referred agencies
Adventure Place
Cost:
Adventure Place is a registered charitable organization,
fully accredited by Childrenās Mental Health Ontario.
Availability
Adventure Place is open to all families living in Toronto
with children up to 12 years of age who are experiencing
difficulties.
(Adventure Place)
40. Overview of referred agencies
Adventure Place
Contact address:
155 McNicoll Ave, Toronto,
ON M2H 2C1
Telephone: (416) 744-7650
Fax: (416) 744-8055
Hours: Monday-Friday
8:30 ā 4:30
http://www.adventureplace.ca
41. Overview of referred agencies
Surrey Place Centre
About agency:
The goal of agency are to assist children and youth
to learn important skills through a variety of
intervention programs and promote success at home
and in the community. (Surrey Place Centre)
42. Overview of referred agencies
Surrey Place Centre
They offer:
Communication program: basic communication skills and
focuses on communicating with others
Social and interpersonal: teaches language, imitation and
play skills related to interacting with peers.
Daily living skills: personal hygiene.
Emotional and behaviour regulation: teaches children the
skills to participate in small groups such as playing in a
group.
(Surrey Place Centre)
43. Overview of referred agencies
Surrey Place Centre
Cost:
Surrey Place Centre is funded by the Government of
Ontario and is offered at no cost.
Availability:
Children and youth can stay in the program until their
18th birthday and must have a confirmed Autism
Spectrum diagnosis. Also, they must be living in the
Toronto region.
44. Contact address:
2 Surrey Place
Toronto, ON M5S 2C2
Phone: (416) 925-5141
Fax: (416) 923-8476
Hours:
Monday8:30 am ā 5:00 pm
Tuesday- Thursday
8:30 am ā 8:30 pm
Friday8:30 am ā 5:00 pm www.surreyplace.on.ca
Overview of referred agencies
Surrey Place Centre
45. YMCA Newcomer Centre
I would like to recommend this agency to Jamieās parents
because they are new to Canada and they might
experience difficulties in adjusting to this unfamiliar country .
This agency will help them settle down in Canada by
providing a lot of useful information that they need to know
such as housing, job, language, and community.
46. YMCA Newcomer Centre
They offer:
. Newcomer Information Centre
. Language Assessment and Referral Centre
. Newcomer Youth Leadership development
. Career counseling
. Assistance finding a job
(YMCA Newcomer Centre)
47. YMCA Newcomer Centre
Contact address:
2200 Yonge St., Unit 300
Toronto, Ontario M4S 2C6
Telephone:
(416) 928-9622
1-800-223-8024
Fax: (416) 928-2030
Hours:
Monday to Friday:
9 am to 8 pm www.ymcagta.org
48. References
. Reading Package, Inclusion of Children with Special Needs,
Centennial College-Early Childhood Education 2011
. Autism Society Ontario
http://www.autismsociety.on.ca
. McCaie, Lisa. (2014). ECEP233-Inclusion of Children with Special
Needs, Week3-9, Class handouts.
. Geneva Centre for Autism Foundation
http://www.autism.net
. Adventure Place
http://www.adventureplace.ca
. Surrey Place Centre
http://www.surreyplace.on.ca
YMCA Newcomer Centre
http://www.ymcagta.org
. Maps. Retrieved from Google maps.
