For the full video of this presentation, please visit: http://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/qualcomm/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2016-embedded-vision-summit-talluri For more information about embedded vision, please visit: http://www.embedded-vision.com Raj Talluri, Senior Vice President of Product Management at Qualcomm Technologies, presents the "Is Vision the New Wireless?" tutorial at the May 2016 Embedded Vision Summit. Over the past 20 years, digital wireless communications has become an essential technology for many industries, and a primary driver for the electronics industry. Today, computer vision is showing signs of following a similar trajectory. Once used only in low-volume applications such as manufacturing inspection, vision is now becoming an essential technology for a wide range of mass-market devices, from cars to drones to mobile phones. In this presentation, Talluri examines the motivations for incorporating vision into diverse products, presents case studies that illuminate the current state of vision technology in high-volume products, and explores critical challenges to ubiquitous deployment of visual intelligence.

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Is Vision The New Wireless? Raj Talluri
SVP, IoT, Mobile Computing
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
@rajtalluri
May 2, 2016

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A journey started more than five decades ago
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Shift toward geometry
and increased
mathematical rigor
Statistical methods, face
recognition
3D modeling,
resurgence of
deep learning
Introduction of SIFT
in 99. Broader
recognition; video
processing starts
Structure from motion Face RecognitionOptical Flow
3D Modeling/Reconstruction
Video SummarizationDigital Image Processing
Scene UnderstandingShape from Shading Stereo
Visual Tracking
Object Recognition Deep LearningKalman Filter
Larry Roberts’s
Ph.D. thesis
Minsky’s
summer
project
Interpreting selected images
Image enhancement, compression,
restoration, and understanding

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Deep Learning techniques have dramatically improved the performance of
computer visions tasks such as Object Recognition
Pooling
Fully Convolution
Result
Pooling
Pixels
Edges
Object parts
(combination
of edges)
Object
models
Evolving neural network models
• Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for different
use cases
• More complex models
Expanding use cases
• ADAS, drones, robotics
• Medical imaging and Genomics
• Security and authentication
Deep Network
C CC C CC
C CC C CC

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Intelligence in the mobile and embedded devices is key for ubiquitous use of
Vision
Process data closest to the source, complement cloud
Security and user
privacy
Efficient use of
network bandwidth
Reliability
Low Latency

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However, limited compute horsepower and storage slowed the progress
40%–70% of brain capacity used to process visual signals
1 MIPS
80 to 130 MIPS
1000 MIPS
10,000 to
1,000,000 MIPS
Intensive compute requirements Limited compute capabilities
Mid –70s
Delivered from a typical
desktop in 1976
From the fastest
supercomputer Cray-1 in 1976
(retailing for ~$8M)
To match edge & motion detection
capabilities of human retina
For practical computer vision
applications in 2011
Sources: Hans Moravec, ROBOT: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind, 1999; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial_intelligence.

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Bringing computer vision to the embedded real world has been challenging
Pedestrian detection: Computer requirements increase with the distance
720p HD
(1280x720)VGA
(320 x 240)
60km/h
1080p Full HD
(1920x1080)
4K
(3840x2160)
8k
(7680x4320)
Distance
from Camera
10m 35m 70m 140m20m
Increase in compute
requirements
1X 3X 6.75X 27X 108X
Alert time 0.6s 1.2s 2.1s 4.2s 8.4s

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Example: Intelligence at the edge for IP Camera
Occupancy detection problem
~$1000/dayFor 20-bus fleet
~$1/day
For 20-bus fleet
IP Camera Cloud
18 MB/min
5 MP JPG100
every 5s for 1 min
Client App
3 of 12
people
on bus~1 KB
Intelligent IP Camera Cloud
~1 KB ~1 KB
Client App
3 of 12
people
on bus
JPG Size Source: forret.com; Server Pricing Source: aws.amazon.com; Cellular Data Pricing Source: verizonwireless.com

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Recent mobile device improvements made it possible
Enhancements in computing, memory, camera sensors and optics
Compute Memory Camera Sensors Optics/overall
Phone
version 1 Current phone
16X
Smartphone RAM increase (Mb)
2009 2016
Phone
version 1 Current phone
Premium camera resolution (stills) Rate of improvements over time
in DXOMark
Jan 2014Jan 2002
Sources: http://www.techygadgetz.com/2014/10/big-features-on-iphone-6-and-iphone-6.html; http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-the-iphone-evolved-from-battery-life-to-storage-10-charts-that-explain-it-all/;
http://connect.dpreview.com/post/5533410947/smartphones-versus-dslr-versus-film?page=4
6X84X
Phone 1
Phone 2
CameraRear-facing camera
Front-facing camera

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Paving the road of ubiquitous deployment of computer vision
Make technology work in
real world
• View point and illumination
variations
• Perspective projection,
occlusion, deformation and
clutter
• Longer distances
Standardization and
programmability
• Evolving algorithms and use
cases
• Some emerging standards,
software tools and APIs
Bring it to billions of devices
• Mobile and embedded devices
have power and thermal
constraints

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Qualcomm leading the wireless revolution
Wireless technologies
and chipset leadership
Pioneering technologies to
meet extreme requirements
End-to-end system
approach with advanced
prototypes
Applications Processing,
Various forms of Connectivity
Driving standardization
to commercialization
Leading global
network experience
and scale
Providing the experience and
scale that meets world wide
demands
Investing in wireless for many years—building upon our leadership foundation

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Common model framework support
• Convolutional or recurrent neural networks
• Support of Caffe and Cuda-convnet
Efficient execution
• Taking advantage of Snapdragon’s
heterogeneous computing capabilities
Debugging and optimization tools
• Debug and analyze network performance
• Ease of integration into customer applications
Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ Neural Processing Engine SDK
Software accelerated runtime for the execution of deep and recurrent neural networks
Snapdragon
Neural Processing Engine
Release for Snapdragon 820
expected later this year
Smartphone
IP Camera
Drones
Automotive
IoT
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

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Computer vision is empowering broad set of applications
Mobile imaging
Robotics
VR/AR
IP Camera
Drones
Automotive

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Already creating breakthrough mobile experiences in billions of devices
• Low-light
photography
• Optical-like
zoom
• Touch-to-track
• Panoramic
stitching
• Eye/head
tracking
• Biometric
security
• Face
beautification
• Clever capture
• Text
activation
• Face/smile
detection
8.7B*
Source: Gartner, Mar. ’16
*cumulative smartphone
shipments estimated
from 2016 -2020

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Vision will be one of the key enabling technologies for both AR and VR
360 spherical view
Undistort, calibrate, stitch together,
and map the discrete images to
a equirectangular or cube map format
Foveated rendering
To significantly reduce
pixel processing with the
help of eye tracking
Head and eye tracking
By using Visual-Inertial Odometry
(VIO) for accurate 6-DOF pose
Hand gesture
Using computer vision for
command and control

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Vision and video analytics are redefining the connected camera experiences
Action Camera
Capturing our important moments
Home Surveillance
Keeping our homes safer
Professional Surveillance
Keeping our communities safer

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Vision is enabling ADAS today and autonomous driving in the future
ADAS demand to hit $19.9B by 2020 with CAAGR of 19.2% over 2015 to 2020
Camera 4
Inward
facing
camera
Lidar
Radar
Lane departure warning
Pedestrian
detection
Traffic signal
recognition
Blind spot
detection
Rear collision
warning
Parking
assistance
Surround view
system
Driver monitoring/
distraction identification
Cross traffic alert
Camera 3
Rear seat
display
Brought in
device
Camera 1
Sensor 2
Camera 2
Center
Stack
Brought in
device
Rear seat
display
Source: Strategy Analytics, Feb. 2016

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Autonomous visual navigation for drones and robotics
Downward Camera
+ Inertial Sensors
Depth
map
Obstacle
map
Trajectory
info
6DOF
pose
6DOF
pose
6DOF
pose
Depth
cameras
Motors
Depth
from
Stereo
Obstacle
Mapping
Path
Planning
Advanced
Flight
Control
Visual-Inertial
Odometry

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Enabling advanced use cases for millions of consumer drones
By using computer vision and machine learning
Position hold
Return home
360 obstacle
avoidance
Tap to fly
Visual tracking
(follow me)
Digital gimbal
Depth from Stereo
Optical Flow
Visual-Inertial Odometry
(VIO)
Obstacle Mapping
Touch-to-track
Path Planning
Automatic
take off
29 Million units
31.3% Y/Y revenue
growth–estimated consumer
drone shipment by 2021

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Aerial, 360
Virtual reality
Ubiquitous deployment of visual intelligence enables contextual awareness
Bee-sized
flying cameras
Adaptive self-
driving cars
Intelligent
cameras
©2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

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Closing Thoughts
• Computer Vision is a fundamental technology that has the potential to change
the way we live and use machines
• After many decades of research it is now finally beginning to show great results
• Embedded vision is key to ubiquitous adoption of vision in our daily life
• Exciting times ahead us as we deliver mobile platforms and technologies for
mass scale deployment of computer vision – in harmony with the cloud

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Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein.
©2016 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm and Snapdragon are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand
names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries
or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the
vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its
subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all
of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.
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