The document proposes an approach called "experience breeding" to integrate human experiences into process-aware information systems (PAIS) in a more user-centric way. Experience breeding would allow users to track the experiences they gain from tasks, express experience goals, and enable more improved task allocation by employers. A simulation was developed comparing experience breeding to round robin task allocation, finding that experience breeding better supports individual user goals while round robin leads to more overall experience at lower levels. The approach is best suited for organizations using PAIS with multiple processes, roles, and users where tasks can be associated with different experiences.

1. Institute for Information
Systems & New Media
Experience Breeding in
Process-Aware Information Systems
Sonja Kabicher-Fuchs (Presenter)
Jürgen Mangler
Stefanie Rinderle-Ma
University of Vienna
Faculty of Computer Science
Research Group Workflow Systems and Technology
sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
juergen.mangler@univie.ac.at
stefanie.rinderle-ma@univie.ac.at
CAISE 2013, Valencia

2. Agenda
Problem and motivation
Approach
Research approach
Experience breeding
Experiences
Experience levels
Experience goals
Experience
measurements and rules
Simulation design &
simulation
Conclusion
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at 2
Experience Breeding
Image courtesy of
patpitchaya /
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Image courtesy of
twobee /
FreeDigitalPhotos.net

3. Problem & Motivation
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Pros
 Specification, execution, and control
of business processes
 Coordination of work becomes easier
 A higher quality of service is delivered
 Work is executed more efficiently
 The process becomes more flexible
Criticism & Fears
☓ Mechanical approach to office work
☓ Rigidity and monotony of work
☓ View on users as exchangeable
resources and not as a human beings
Workflow Systems
Vanderfeesten, I.: Workflow Management As You Like It. BPM Trends (2005)

4. Approach
 Progression, maintenance and neglection of experience levels
according to experience goals set by users
 On top of role-based task allocation
 For a tighter integration of humans into workflow systems
Enables users to, e.g.:
 Track which experiences they gain while working on process
tasks
 Express experience shaping goals
Enables employers to, e.g.:
 Improve task allocation to users
 Analyze users’ goals
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Experience Breeding
Job knowledge
Process &Task
experiences
increases
Image courtesy of patpitchaya /
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Image courtesy of twobee /
FreeDigitalPhotos.net

5. Research Approach
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Conceptualization Prototyping Simulation Design &
Preliminary Simulation
def frequency(*data)
@frequency = data
end
private :frequency
def rating(value=nil,&bl)
if value.nil? && block_given?
@rating = bl
elsif value.instance_of?(String)
@rating_start = value
end
end
private :rating
rule 'Noob' do # pro user, pro
experience
frequency 'every day'
rating start '3 weeks ago'
rating { count +
duration(10)/10 + quality(10)*7 +
importance(10)/10 * 3 }
difference linear, 10, 15, 20
end
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
How can experiences be integrated (defined, measured, updated) in
Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) in order to be able to consider
them for a user-centric task-allocation?
ContinuousRefinement

6. Experience Breeding
Ingredients
 Experiences
 Experience levels
 Experience goals
 Experience measurements & rules
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
 Example: fictive company GARDEN

7. Experience Breeding
Ingredients
 Experiences
 Experience
levels
 Experience
goals
 Experience
measurements
& rules
Experiences
 Collected by a person during performance of tasks
 Formed in daily work settings
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Task
experience(s)
Role experiences
Process experiences

8. GARDEN - Experiences
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Integration with Processes

9. GARDEN - Experiences
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Integration with Processes

10. GARDEN - Experiences
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Integration with Tasks
1
2
3
Task “Draw Up Landscape Plan”
process “Small Customer Garden”, 20
process “Big Customer Garden”, 50
role “Landscape Designer”
experience “Checking Feasibility and Identifying Requirements”, 20%
experience “Designing Landscapes”, 80%
end
importance
of task for process
(0…60)
contribution
to task in %
name of
experience
our contributionnormal information assigned
to/available for tasks
description of data in
conjunction with the ER diagram

11. GARDEN - Experiences
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Integration with User
User ‘Martin’
role ‘Landscape Designer’
experiences
is ‘Valuable’ at ‘Designing Landscapes’
is ‘Noob’ at ‘Dealing with Customers’
end
goals
become ‘Specialist’ at ‘Designing Landscapes’
increases experience with ‘Dealing with Customers’
end
end
name of
Experience
goal Level
goal
Experience
current Level
1
2
3
our contributionnormal information assigned
to/available for tasks
description of data in
conjunction with the ER diagram

12. Experience Breeding
Ingredients
 Experiences
 Experience
levels
 Experience
goals
 Experience
measurements
& rules
Experience Levels
 Different labeling for levels
 Labeling and number of levels can be adjusted by a
company
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Noob
Valuable
Specialist

13. Experience Breeding
Ingredients
 Experiences
 Experience
levels
 Experience
goals
 Experience
measurements
& rules
Experience Goals
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Become OR Remain [LEVEL] at [EXPERIENCE] (optional [UNTIL]).
Collect OR Maintain OR Neglect experience with
[EXPERIENCE] (optional [LEVEL] [UNTIL]).
Collect OR Maintain OR Neglect experiences for task [TASK]
(optional [UNTIL]).
Collect OR Maintain OR Neglect experiences for process [PROCESS]
(optional [UNTIL]).
Collect OR Maintain OR Neglect experiences for role [ROLE] (optional [UNTIL]).

14. Experience Breeding
Ingredients
 Experiences
 Experience
levels
 Experience
goals
 Experience
measurements
& rules
Experience Measurements & Rules
 Amount
 Time
 Task-result
qualitative
measurement
 Type
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
Previous work on experience measurements:
Count
Duration
Quality
Importance
How often has an
experience been collected?
How long has an
experience been collected?
How good was the
task performed?
How important was
the task performed?
ImportanceQualityDurationCount
…Value resulting from the experience measurement
xx xWEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT x WEIGHT
x …Multiplier
WEIGHT …Weight set by the company
…Operator set by the company (+, x,…)

15. Simulation Design & Simulation
 Development of a simulation environment
 Simulation and comparison of
 Experience Breeding (EB)
 Round Robin (RR)
 Preliminary Results
 EB supports users’ experience breeding goals
 more distinguished workforce
 EB resulted in a higher count of Specialists due to users’ goals
 RR supported a cyclic assignment
 Noob users got a higher number of tasks and a longer duration
 More Noob users became Valuable
 RR resulted in a higher count of Valuables due to assignment
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
http://cpee.org/EB

16. Conclusion
 Experience Breeding
 new way of human-centric task allocation
 on top of role-based task allocation
 Particularly fruitful in organizational environments that
 Uses PAIS
 Has several processes
 Organizes users using several roles in PAIS
 Have more than one user assigned to a role
 Allocates tasks of various processes to users
 Identified/determined experiences for users/tasks
 Is willing to use experience breeding.
CAISE 2013, Valencia – sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at

17. Experience Breeding in
Process-Aware Information Systems
Sonja Kabicher-Fuchs (Presenter)
Jürgen Mangler
Stefanie Rinderle-Ma
University of Vienna
Faculty of Computer Science
Research Group Workflow Systems and Technology
sonja.kabicher-fuchs@univie.ac.at
juergen.mangler@univie.ac.at
stefanie.rinderle-ma@univie.ac.at
CAISE 2013, Valencia