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中介變數的統計檢定
• 因果法 (The Baron and Kenny’s
Approach, B-K method)
• 直接與間接效果法
– 係數差異法 (Difference in coefficients)
– 係數乘積法 (Product of coefficients)
• 信賴區間法(Bootstrap Distribution of
Effects)
19. 三星統計服務
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中介與干擾變數的經典期刊論文
• Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986).
The moderator-mediator variable distinction
in social psychological research: Conceptual,
strategic, and statistical considerations.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
51(6), 1173-1182.
• 目前被引用次數為20574次
• 但多數人仍不知這篇論文在講什麼及如何執行?
28. 三星統計服務
28
Sobel Test (1982)
• Sobel 檢驗統計量
• a與b均為非標準化係數值
• a×b等值於c-c’
• SEa及SEb分別為a與b之標準誤
• 在α=0.05下,z值>|1.96︱即為顯著
2 2 2 2
ab a bSE a SE b SE= +
/ abz ab SE=
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models.
In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
34. 三星統計服務
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The mail from a professor
• 我的模型為雙中介模型, 投稿時以Sobel test作
為檢定中介效果的方法,reviewer提了以下問題:
• " The author has performed Sobel(1982) test
for assessing the mediating effects. In the
present paper, multi-mediator model is
formulated. In this regard, the author shall
refer to MacKinnon(2008) to test for multi-
mediator model. However, if the author
would like to remain the use of Sobel(1982)
test, an explanation shall be added to justify
that Sobel(1982) test is appropriately applied
in multi-mediator model."
41. 三星統計服務
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使用PRODCLIN2計算信賴區間
MacKinnon, D. P., Fritz, M. S., Williams, J., and Lockwood, C. M. (2007).
Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect:
Program PRODCLIN. Behavior Research Methods. 39, 384-389)
63. 三星統計服務
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中介與干擾變數的經典期刊論文
• Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986).
The moderator-mediator variable distinction
in social psychological research: Conceptual,
strategic, and statistical considerations.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
51(6), 1173-1182.
• 目前被引用次數為20574次
• 但多數人仍不知這篇論文在講什麼及如何執行?
68. 三星統計服務
16
Case2
• 方法二: (檢驗非標準化係數)
– 採用男、女兩組迴歸分析之非標準化係數計算,此
法不受到兩組變異數不同質的影響,尤其是探討因
果關係時 (Duncan, 1975) 。
1 2
2 2
1 2
( )
b b
b b
z
se se
−
=
+
X M
類別
連續
85. 三星統計服務
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因素分數法 Factor Score Weight
Jonsson Fan Yang. (1998). Modeling interaction and nonlinear effects: a
step-by-step LISREL example. In R. E. Schumacker & G. A. Marcoulides
(Eds.), Interaction and nonlinear effects in structural equation modeling (pp.
17-42). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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中介效果的干擾
(Moderated Mediation)
• moderated mediation occurs when the
strength of an indirect effect
depends on the level of some variable,
or in other words, when mediation
relations are contingent on the level
of a moderator.