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ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ွကံွစတျ ရု့ရ္ေတ္ရ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏ္ခ္းံ
ူကရစ္ေတက္ေ္ရ္ေ္ူ္- FRONTIER-http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-myitsone-dam-chinas-three-options
ဘရ္ရျ ပစ္ူ္- Thant Zin Htut
အျရရစ္ေ ကရ္ေတပက္ုစႏ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ္ျ ပစမး ျစံပကပစ္တျးု စ္ေမစ စမစ စု စ္ေတပတ္ရ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္မံု
ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏကစတ္ရ္ု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ္ဆံ္ေးံ့စံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ဇကပစု္၂္က့စတပပ့္ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆ္စံရစကရ္ွကံွစ္ဆအ ွစမ့ံု္ေ္ မွရ္တံပစုေပစ္နံု္ေ
နံု္ေတ္ရရစ္ုစႏ့္စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြ္ုစ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္ခာ ္ဘံုုံုသဆွပစး ျစံ္ေကစ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစ္ျ ပစမတ
ျ ပစမတက္ေတုရစဘံုုံ စ္ုစႏအတပျး ျရစႏ့္းေရစျ ုစပသစးကံု္ေမနစ္ကရ္ေတကရ့စးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
မွရတံပစုေပစညရစႏအွူ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္တ့ရစ စံတက္ေကရစ္ေ္China’s္State္Power္
Investment္Corporation္(SPIC)္ ္ထစ စွပစ္ေအ ္တ္ရရစအကရကစ ေရ္ေုုစ္ေ္ုစံ့စ ္ုရးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္SPIC္၏္
့ံ ၸဏံုးကခွမစးံညရစႏ္ျ ပစ ရမမစအမစံ္ေကွစံပ္ုစ္တ း္ညရစႏ္ ုစး္ျ မစ္ဆံအပံု္ေ္္ကရုွံုျ မစတ ္ာ္္ုစွုစတ္ရ့စက
္ုစွုစတ္ရ့စကပစ္၂၂၂၀္းံညမစ့္္တဘရွူုံု ္္မရးကေပစုနရ္ု့စ ွစတက္ေထစံ္ေးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
၂၂၁၁္းံညမစ္မ့စွရစဘရွကရစ္ျ ပစ ရ္ သွနံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစ ္မ့ံု္ေထကရ္ေုရတ္ရ
ညစံရစရဆုဆံ္ေ့ကေွစ္္ည်ျ ု္ စကရ္ေ ္ ေရ္ေအရ္ေ္ာအတကြတွရရစအရကွကရစ္အမ့ံု္ေ္ဆံ္ေ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစ္ုစ္ွုစတ္ရ
စ္ုစ္ွုစတ္ရ့စ ုစႏမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္သရသံုက စ္စံရစ္ေ ုစ္္အပုစ္ေ္ဆံ္ေ္ညအမစံ္ေက္
ညအမစံ္ေက့္စွ စ္ေအွကရစ္ေ္က စ္စံရစ္ေ ုစာ္တံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေွဆံပျ ပစးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေအပရအွစ္ုစ္အ ေစာ္ေ္ရ္ေ ံု စံ့တကမံုအး ျကခြးော စအမစံ္ေက၏္ွကံွစညရစႏ့္္စ္ဆတက္ေ္မံု ဆးပစ
မံု ဆးပစပးကခ ္အကုစအးေရစ္ေ့စံ္မ စ္ေ္ စ ္မ့ံု္ေွမစးံအျး ျမစ္ထက့စတ ္ုရတပ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
သးံအ ွစွကရစ္မရတက္ေ္ူအတပျး ျရစႏ့္းေရစင စာြတွရစျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေ္စံပ္
္ကရ္ေတကရ့စ္ုစႏ္ွကံွစ့စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြးကံု္ေမနစ္ညရစႏ္NLD္အမစံ္ေက္ကရစ္စံရစတပက္ုစႏ္အ့ခ္ွစတ္ထစ
ထစးစံ့စကုကသစကစ္ျ ပရညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ရ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ္တ္က္ေတညက္ေုစံ ္္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ွကံွစ္ဆအ ွစမ့ံု္ေညရစႏ္SPIC္ထစ စွပစ္ေ္အ ္တ္ရရစတ့ရစ ွံုုရစ ေရ္ေ္ုစ္ျ ပစ ရုူထံ ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစ့စံ္ျ ရစ္ေျ ရစ္ေထ
ျ ရစ္ေျ ရစ္ေထပစထပစ့္ပစပ့က့စတပု့္ုစ့စံ္္စ ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ္ရစ္္္ျ
ျ ပစ ရုူထံ္ုစ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ရ္္ွရစ္ေအ ရ္ေ္္အးေ့စအု့စအ ရ္ေ ေရ္ေ္ကကစထရ္ေ္
ကကစထရ္ေ္ုစ္္
တ္က္ေထစံ္ေးဆထရ္ေက္ုစတံ္သဆံု့ုစု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ွကံွစ့စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြ၏့္းေရစးကံု္ေမနစကုစကကသစးေ့စ ရ္မံု
မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ ကကစ ုစႏတ့ရရစ္ေ့ေစာ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ျ ပစ ရအမစံ္ေက့စံသစမရ္ေုသစ ေရ္ေ္ညရစႏ္တ ္းဆ ္ွံု ေရ္ေ့စံ္ကရစ္ေျ ကပစ္
ကရစ္ေျ ကပစ္ညရစႏ္ျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေုူထံ၏္အမ့ဆ၏ရဏစ့စံ္ပရ္ေတထရရစကပစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေအွက့စ္တ္က္ေတညက္ေ ္ ေရ္ေ္ုစ္၂၂၂ ္းံညမစာ္မမစအမစံ္ေကထစ စွပစ္ေအး ျကခြုရစ္ ဗစံုစးော စမ့ံု္ေ္
္ံုတ္ူကွရစတအရရစျ ရစႏနံု္ေ္(၂၂၁၁္းံညမစ္ ွစု ္၂၂၁၂္းံညမစ္ဇူုစံရစအထစ္နံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစအမစံ္ေက၏္ ံွစသ္
ံွစသ္ သွအျး ျမစ္
ွရုပစထ စ္ေတ္ရရစးခႏ္ုစ)္ွကံွစ္စံြ္ကရ္ေတကရ့စတ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစး ျကဆြငး ျစာ္ေွစံ္ေွ့စ ္အွက့စ္အ့ူအ္အ့ူ
အုံုတွရရစ္ေးဆကရ ္မွရစးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ္ ူုကုစ ပစ္ေးေ့စ ရ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစထံွစုံ စတက္ေ္ုစ္ဆ္းံ္အွကခုစံ့စတ္ရ့စကပစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အသစ့္္
အသစ့္္ုစ့စံ္္ကရုွံုျ မစ္ဆံာ္ွုစတ္ရ့စင ံု္ေ္ ုစးျး ျမစတ ္ွကရစ္ွမစးံ္္တ းျ မစတ ္ွကရစ္ၚ္
းံ္ွုစတ္ရ့စ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
္ုစ္ဆ္းံ ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစမံမံတ ္ရစ္ေ္၂၁ ၂၂္ ံုအ္ုွစ္ထံွစုံ စညစံရစ ုစတံ္းပစပ ပစ္ေထရ္ေင ံု္ေ္သရစ္ေ ရ္
သရစ္ေ ရ္ျ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆာ္ု့စကစထံွစုံ စ္ဆံ္ေမကခတပတ္ရ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္ၚ၂၂၂္ ံုအ္ုွစ၏္ီ္္္တ့ေရစတ့ေရစ္ျး ျ
တ့ေရစတ့ေရစ္ျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
့ပနံု္ေ္တဘရွူုံု ္ ေရ္ေအက္SPIC္ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ၏္ ၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ စံရစ္စံရစင ံု္ေ္အမစံ္ေက ္၁ၚ္ကရည္ပစ္ေ္ စံ
စံရစ္စံရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။့္ေပစ္ၚ္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္တအ္ေကရ္ေတု္ုစ စ္Asia္World္ ္ စံရစ္စံရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ျ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆအတပျး ျရစႏ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္၁၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္အးတု့္ေတရကတ ္ေမကရ ုစံဘခ္ကကစ ုစ
ကကစ ုစျး ျမစင ံု္ေ့္ေပစ္ုစ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္စံပ္ စံပတ္ရရစ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ
္စံပတ္ရစ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ့္ေပစုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္၂၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္ုသစသူးကရစႏကစင ံု္ေ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ုစုုစ္ေ္ုေ စမမစမက
ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစ္ညရစႏ္ဘအ့ုရ္ေတ ႏကစ္စံပ စံြတ္ရရစကပစ္မစွစုရစမရ္ေတပ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ျ ပစ ရ္ သွနံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံက စ္စံရစ္ေုစံ့စ္ုစွကရစ္SPIC
ညရစႏ္အျးရ္ေတ္ရ္ွကံွစ့ပစထကစံ့စ ေရ္ေ္ျ ပရွ့စ္ကရ္ေ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ညွစံပ
ညွစံပ့္ွကံွစဘဏစ ေရ္ေ ္တရက ေရ္ေတးေ္ေထရ္ေးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေက စမခုစံ့စုရစႏ့မရ္ေ္ညွစံပ ရ ူ္အုဆံ္ေအ
အုဆံ္ေအကရစ္ေတးေ္ေတရကအွက့စ္
ေရ္ေတ ္ေတပက္ချး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အွစံ္ေွ့စုရ ္တု့ရရစႏ္ထစံ္ေတထရရစွ့စုရတ္ရ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့ံပစ့ေမကစွစ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစး ျ
ံ္ွကံွစး ျ့စ ္္္ျ
ျ ပစ ရအမစံ္ေက္္ျ ပစ ရႏမံု္ေ ကရ္ေတက္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္တ့ရစ ကရစ္ညရစႏ္တကြတပကဆံ္ေွစံပ့စံ္ုံ
တကြတပကဆံ္ေွစံပ့စံ္ုံ စရပစ္ေသရသံုက စ္စံရစ္ေုစံ့စ္ုစ္စံ့ွုစ္ေ့္ညမစွစံရစ္ေ္္ွရစ္ေတ ္ေ စံပးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္သ ပစညမစ္ညမစ့ံ
သ ပစညမစ္ညမစ့ံပစ စံရစ္ေွကရစ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေမံမံတ ္ရစ္ေ့ံပစ့ေတရက ရ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ ၂၂္ထစ္တကရ့စကစ
ထစ္တကရ့စကစ္ကရ္ေင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ွကံွစအမစံ္ေကညရစႏ့္ံ ၸဏံု ေရ္ေ့ ူ္သးံုစံတု္ေုဆး ျရစႏညနခတပျးရစ္ေ့စံ္အ္ဆံ္ေ္ွစ့ရ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ
မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ ွစ့္စ္ုစႏ္ဆံ္ေျး ျွစးေ့စ့စံ္ျ ပစညစံရစ္ ေျ ပစျ ပစးေ ွစတမုစံုင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္္္ျ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ
့စံ္္္ျ ပစုုစမွရစ ုစတုရလ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္မရးော စျ ရစ္ရစမုစ္ေ့ စ္ေအ္မစ ေရ္ေျး ျရစႏ္ျ ပစုုစမွ
ျ ပစုုစမွရစ ုစတုရလ္(္စံပ တံွစ)္း ျေ့စ္စ္ေ ုစတုရလ္္စးေရစတပုစံုင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အ့သစတ
အ့သစတ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္း ျေ့စ္စ စ္ေ ုစ္စံုေရစုုစ္ေ္ ွကံွစအတပျး ျရစႏ္ည၏ညမစကုစအွစံ္ေည္ပစ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ့္ရ စ
့ရ စတမကပစ္တုေရစတု့္ေ့စံတွရႏ္တွရရစ္ေ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ္ရစ္ညမစ ေရ္ေကုစု့ရ္ညမစညစံရစရဆ့္စ္ဆတက္ေ့စံ္
ထစးစံ့စတမကပစအွက့စ္တုေရစတု့္ေ့စံးေ့စးေရစ္ေ တွရရစ္ေျးရစ္ေ္္စံပ တံွစ္ျ ပစ ရျ ုစွကရစ္ေ္အျးရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ
အျးရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္အးကရစႏအု စ္ေ ေရ္ေးေတ ္ေကပစ္တွရရစ္ေ္စံျးရစ္ေ ေရ္ေ္ျ ာုံ စ္ကရ္ေ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေ္စံပ္္ကရ္ေတကရ့စးခႏု့တ္ရ္SPIC္အ ္တ္ရရစတ့ရစ ွံုုရစ္ီ္တသရ့စွကရစ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ညစံရစရဆွ့ရ
ညစံရစရဆွ့ရ္မံု္ေ ကရ္ေတက္ေေရပ ္ုနပစု့ရ္ေတက္ေ ာ္ေးော စ္ မွရ္ုောမပစ္ေုုစ္ေ္ ္ုရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ည ့္းေ
ည ့္းေရစျ ုစပသစအမစံ္ေက့စံ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္တကက္ေးေသစညစံရစ္ုစႏ္ု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ္ခ္းံ္ကစ္ုစတံ္
ခ္းံ္ကစ္ုစတံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
၁)္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္း ျေ့စညစံရစ္ုစ္္ထစံပအွက့စ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ ၂၂္တုေရစတု့္ေတ ္ေက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
၂)္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေျ ပစမင ံု္ေ္္ုစ့စံ္င ံု္ေမံု္ေ္ုစထစ္တ္ရ့စးကရစႏျ ာုေရစ္ွမစညမစုေရစ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂၂္
္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂၂္အးကပစတရကက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
ခ)္ထစံညမစးံုဆံ္ေ္ တကက္ေးေသစဘခ္တပညစံရစ္ုစ္္္စံပ္စံုေရစ ူ္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္က စ္စံရစ္ေထရ္ေ္တ္ွကံွစ့ံ
ွကံွစ့ံ ၸဏံု ေရ္ေ္ွရစကစတပ္ုစႏ္အုဆံ္ေအကရစ္ေတးေ္ေတရက ေရ္ေ၏္အွစံ္ေ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂့္စံ္ညမစမနစ္္ စ
ညမစမနစ္္ စတ ္ေတပက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
သးံ္ ုစ္ုစႏု စ္ေ့စံ္တကက္ေးေသစ ုစ္စံ္ုစ ရ္တ ္တအရရစ္ပစ္ေမံု့ုစညရစႏ္္ူ ၏အမစံ္ေကွစံပအတ ္္ ူွုစတပတ
ူွုစတပတ ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
THE MYITSONE DAM: CHINA’S THREE OPTIONS
As China steps up the pressure for a resumption of work on the controversial Myitsone
dam, Myanmar is told it faces three options over the project’s future.
On June 2, a delegation headed by China’s ambassador to Myanmar, Mr Hong Liang,
travelled to Kachin State to lobby for a resumption of work on the US$3.6 billion Myitsone
dam.
Hong was accompanied by senior executives of China’s State Power Investment
Corporation, a subsidiary of which signed an agreement with the junta in 2009 to build the
dam on the Ayeyarwady near the confluence of the Mali and n’Mai rivers.
In September 2011, President U Thein Sein responded to a growing national protest
movement by suspending work on the project to build Southeast Asia’s largest hydropower
dam for at least the duration of his term in office.
The project’s future is emerging as a major test of the National League for Democracy
government its ability to manage relations with China.
This week I would like to discuss the Chinese delegation’s trip to the Kachin State capital,
Myitkyina, and the options facing the NLD government over this sensitive issue.
The Chinese ambassador and senior SPIC executives are well aware that the Myanmar
people strongly oppose the Myitsone dam, but believe they are misinformed about the
project. The purpose of their trip to Kachin was to explain the advantages of the project to
representatives of the state government and local political parties, and to sound out the
opinion of Myitkyina residents.
Discussions over the project began in 2006 when a senior member of the junta, General
Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint Oo, who was a vice president in U Thein Sein’s government
from March 2011 to July 2012, visited China and sought assistance for hydropower
development.
The project originally envisaged a series of seven hydroelectric dams, including the main
dam at the confluence of the Ayeyarwady, with another on the Mali and five on the n’Mai
rivers.
The seven dams were estimated to generate a total output of 21,600 megawatts, or about
four times more than the nation’s current installed generation capacity of 5,200 MW.
Under the terms of the initial agreement, SPIC had an 80 percent share in the project and
the government 15 percent. The diversified conglomerate Asia World held the remaining 5
percent.
Myanmar was to receive 10 percent of the power, cost free, and the rest was to be exported
to China. However, Myanmar was given the option of buying another 20 percent of the
output and China was reported to also be interested in supplying power to India and
Bangladesh.
The suspension of the project by President Thein Sein created problems for SPIC and
other Chinese contractors that had borrowed from Chinese banks but had to continue
paying interest on their loans. The soaring cost of the project due to accumulating interest
has been reported to the government, the Myanmar Investment Commission and the Office
of the Attorney General each year since work was suspended. The total cost of the project
at the end of last year was reported to have reached $800 million.
The Chinese government and companies want an end to this procrastination and a decision
on the project’s fate as soon as possible. They want to know if the project will be resumed,
resumed with modifications or cancelled. If it is to be cancelled, they will not ask for
immediate compensation but will seek to have costs covered through a long-term loan or be
granted other investment opportunities in Myanmar, so as to avoid harming the long-
standing friendly bilateral relations.
The four SPIC executives who travelled to Myitkyina included the director-general of its
international business department, Mr Lieu Zan, who told members of the Kachin State
government that Myanmar faced three options over the dam.
He said it can cancel the dam and be liable to pay $800 million in compensation, resume
work on the project and earn $500 million a year in revenue when it is completed, or do
nothing and pay $50 million in interest costs for as long as it is suspended.
It is now up to Suu Kyi and her government to decide which course of action to take.
http://frontiermyanmar.net/…/the-myitsone-dam-chinas-three-

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ျမစ္ဆံုဆည္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ တရုတ္ေျပာၾကားေသာ ေရြးခ်ယ္ခြင့္ ၃ ခု The Myitsone Dam-china's three options

  • 1. ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ွကံွစတျ ရု့ရ္ေတ္ရ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏ္ခ္းံ ူကရစ္ေတက္ေ္ရ္ေ္ူ္- FRONTIER-http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-myitsone-dam-chinas-three-options ဘရ္ရျ ပစ္ူ္- Thant Zin Htut အျရရစ္ေ ကရ္ေတပက္ုစႏ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ္ျ ပစမး ျစံပကပစ္တျးု စ္ေမစ စမစ စု စ္ေတပတ္ရ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္မံု ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏကစတ္ရ္ု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ္ဆံ္ေးံ့စံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ဇကပစု္၂္က့စတပပ့္ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆ္စံရစကရ္ွကံွစ္ဆအ ွစမ့ံု္ေ္ မွရ္တံပစုေပစ္နံု္ေ နံု္ေတ္ရရစ္ုစႏ့္စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြ္ုစ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္ခာ ္ဘံုုံုသဆွပစး ျစံ္ေကစ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစ္ျ ပစမတ ျ ပစမတက္ေတုရစဘံုုံ စ္ုစႏအတပျး ျရစႏ့္းေရစျ ုစပသစးကံု္ေမနစ္ကရ္ေတကရ့စးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ မွရတံပစုေပစညရစႏအွူ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္တ့ရစ စံတက္ေကရစ္ေ္China’s္State္Power္ Investment္Corporation္(SPIC)္ ္ထစ စွပစ္ေအ ္တ္ရရစအကရကစ ေရ္ေုုစ္ေ္ုစံ့စ ္ုရးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္SPIC္၏္ ့ံ ၸဏံုးကခွမစးံညရစႏ္ျ ပစ ရမမစအမစံ္ေကွစံပ္ုစ္တ း္ညရစႏ္ ုစး္ျ မစ္ဆံအပံု္ေ္္ကရုွံုျ မစတ ္ာ္္ုစွုစတ္ရ့စက ္ုစွုစတ္ရ့စကပစ္၂၂၂၀္းံညမစ့္္တဘရွူုံု ္္မရးကေပစုနရ္ု့စ ွစတက္ေထစံ္ေးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ၂၂၁၁္းံညမစ္မ့စွရစဘရွကရစ္ျ ပစ ရ္ သွနံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစ ္မ့ံု္ေထကရ္ေုရတ္ရ ညစံရစရဆုဆံ္ေ့ကေွစ္္ည်ျ ု္ စကရ္ေ ္ ေရ္ေအရ္ေ္ာအတကြတွရရစအရကွကရစ္အမ့ံု္ေ္ဆံ္ေ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစ္ုစ္ွုစတ္ရ
  • 2. စ္ုစ္ွုစတ္ရ့စ ုစႏမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္သရသံုက စ္စံရစ္ေ ုစ္္အပုစ္ေ္ဆံ္ေ္ညအမစံ္ေက္ ညအမစံ္ေက့္စွ စ္ေအွကရစ္ေ္က စ္စံရစ္ေ ုစာ္တံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေွဆံပျ ပစးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေအပရအွစ္ုစ္အ ေစာ္ေ္ရ္ေ ံု စံ့တကမံုအး ျကခြးော စအမစံ္ေက၏္ွကံွစညရစႏ့္္စ္ဆတက္ေ္မံု ဆးပစ မံု ဆးပစပးကခ ္အကုစအးေရစ္ေ့စံ္မ စ္ေ္ စ ္မ့ံု္ေွမစးံအျး ျမစ္ထက့စတ ္ုရတပ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ သးံအ ွစွကရစ္မရတက္ေ္ူအတပျး ျရစႏ့္းေရစင စာြတွရစျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေ္စံပ္ ္ကရ္ေတကရ့စ္ုစႏ္ွကံွစ့စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြးကံု္ေမနစ္ညရစႏ္NLD္အမစံ္ေက္ကရစ္စံရစတပက္ုစႏ္အ့ခ္ွစတ္ထစ ထစးစံ့စကုကသစကစ္ျ ပရညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ရ္တကက္ေးေသစးကရစႏု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ္တ္က္ေတညက္ေုစံ ္္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ွကံွစ္ဆအ ွစမ့ံု္ေညရစႏ္SPIC္ထစ စွပစ္ေ္အ ္တ္ရရစတ့ရစ ွံုုရစ ေရ္ေ္ုစ္ျ ပစ ရုူထံ ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစ့စံ္ျ ရစ္ေျ ရစ္ေထ ျ ရစ္ေျ ရစ္ေထပစထပစ့္ပစပ့က့စတပု့္ုစ့စံ္္စ ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ္ရစ္္္ျ ျ ပစ ရုူထံ္ုစ္ျ မစ္ဆံ္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္ရ္္ွရစ္ေအ ရ္ေ္္အးေ့စအု့စအ ရ္ေ ေရ္ေ္ကကစထရ္ေ္ ကကစထရ္ေ္ုစ္္ တ္က္ေထစံ္ေးဆထရ္ေက္ုစတံ္သဆံု့ုစု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ွကံွစ့စံသစမရ္ေုသစအး ျကခြ၏့္းေရစးကံု္ေမနစကုစကကသစးေ့စ ရ္မံု မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ ကကစ ုစႏတ့ရရစ္ေ့ေစာ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ျ ပစ ရအမစံ္ေက့စံသစမရ္ေုသစ ေရ္ေ္ညရစႏ္တ ္းဆ ္ွံု ေရ္ေ့စံ္ကရစ္ေျ ကပစ္ ကရစ္ေျ ကပစ္ညရစႏ္ျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေုူထံ၏္အမ့ဆ၏ရဏစ့စံ္ပရ္ေတထရရစကပစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေအွက့စ္တ္က္ေတညက္ေ ္ ေရ္ေ္ုစ္၂၂၂ ္းံညမစာ္မမစအမစံ္ေကထစ စွပစ္ေအး ျကခြုရစ္ ဗစံုစးော စမ့ံု္ေ္ ္ံုတ္ူကွရစတအရရစျ ရစႏနံု္ေ္(၂၂၁၁္းံညမစ္ ွစု ္၂၂၁၂္းံညမစ္ဇူုစံရစအထစ္နံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစအမစံ္ေက၏္ ံွစသ္ ံွစသ္ သွအျး ျမစ္ ွရုပစထ စ္ေတ္ရရစးခႏ္ုစ)္ွကံွစ္စံြ္ကရ္ေတကရ့စတ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစး ျကဆြငး ျစာ္ေွစံ္ေွ့စ ္အွက့စ္အ့ူအ္အ့ူ အုံုတွရရစ္ေးဆကရ ္မွရစးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ္ ူုကုစ ပစ္ေးေ့စ ရ္တကအရ္ေုေ စမမစထံွစုံ စတက္ေ္ုစ္ဆ္းံ္အွကခုစံ့စတ္ရ့စကပစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အသစ့္္ အသစ့္္ုစ့စံ္္ကရုွံုျ မစ္ဆံာ္ွုစတ္ရ့စင ံု္ေ္ ုစးျး ျမစတ ္ွကရစ္ွမစးံ္္တ းျ မစတ ္ွကရစ္ၚ္ းံ္ွုစတ္ရ့စ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ္ုစ္ဆ္းံ ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရစမံမံတ ္ရစ္ေ္၂၁ ၂၂္ ံုအ္ုွစ္ထံွစုံ စညစံရစ ုစတံ္းပစပ ပစ္ေထရ္ေင ံု္ေ္သရစ္ေ ရ္ သရစ္ေ ရ္ျ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆာ္ု့စကစထံွစုံ စ္ဆံ္ေမကခတပတ္ရ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္ၚ၂၂၂္ ံုအ္ုွစ၏္ီ္္္တ့ေရစတ့ေရစ္ျး ျ တ့ေရစတ့ေရစ္ျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ့ပနံု္ေ္တဘရွူုံု ္ ေရ္ေအက္SPIC္ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ၏္ ၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ စံရစ္စံရစင ံု္ေ္အမစံ္ေက ္၁ၚ္ကရည္ပစ္ေ္ စံ စံရစ္စံရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။့္ေပစ္ၚ္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္တအ္ေကရ္ေတု္ုစ စ္Asia္World္ ္ စံရစ္စံရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ျ ပစ ရညစံရစရဆအတပျး ျရစႏ္ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္၁၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္အးတု့္ေတရကတ ္ေမကရ ုစံဘခ္ကကစ ုစ ကကစ ုစျး ျမစင ံု္ေ့္ေပစ္ုစ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္စံပ္ စံပတ္ရရစ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ ္စံပတ္ရစ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ့္ေပစုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ္၂၂္ကရည္ပစ္ေ့စံ္ုသစသူးကရစႏကစင ံု္ေ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ုစုုစ္ေ္ုေ စမမစမက ုေ စမမစမက စ္ေအရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစ္ညရစႏ္ဘအ့ုရ္ေတ ႏကစ္စံပ စံြတ္ရရစကပစ္မစွစုရစမရ္ေတပ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။
  • 3. ျ ပစ ရ္ သွနံု္ေ္စပစ္ေမစပစ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံက စ္စံရစ္ေုစံ့စ္ုစွကရစ္SPIC ညရစႏ္အျးရ္ေတ္ရ္ွကံွစ့ပစထကစံ့စ ေရ္ေ္ျ ပရွ့စ္ကရ္ေ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ညွစံပ ညွစံပ့္ွကံွစဘဏစ ေရ္ေ ္တရက ေရ္ေတးေ္ေထရ္ေးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေက စမခုစံ့စုရစႏ့မရ္ေ္ညွစံပ ရ ူ္အုဆံ္ေအ အုဆံ္ေအကရစ္ေတးေ္ေတရကအွက့စ္ ေရ္ေတ ္ေတပက္ချး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အွစံ္ေွ့စုရ ္တု့ရရစႏ္ထစံ္ေတထရရစွ့စုရတ္ရ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့ံပစ့ေမကစွစ ေရ္ေ့စံ္ွကံွစး ျ ံ္ွကံွစး ျ့စ ္္္ျ ျ ပစ ရအမစံ္ေက္္ျ ပစ ရႏမံု္ေ ကရ္ေတက္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္တ့ရစ ကရစ္ညရစႏ္တကြတပကဆံ္ေွစံပ့စံ္ုံ တကြတပကဆံ္ေွစံပ့စံ္ုံ စရပစ္ေသရသံုက စ္စံရစ္ေုစံ့စ္ုစ္စံ့ွုစ္ေ့္ညမစွစံရစ္ေ္္ွရစ္ေတ ္ေ စံပးခႏု့္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္သ ပစညမစ္ညမစ့ံ သ ပစညမစ္ညမစ့ံပစ စံရစ္ေွကရစ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေမံမံတ ္ရစ္ေ့ံပစ့ေတရက ရ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ ၂၂္ထစ္တကရ့စကစ ထစ္တကရ့စကစ္ကရ္ေင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ွကံွစအမစံ္ေကညရစႏ့္ံ ၸဏံု ေရ္ေ့ ူ္သးံုစံတု္ေုဆး ျရစႏညနခတပျးရစ္ေ့စံ္အ္ဆံ္ေ္ွစ့ရ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေညရစႏ ွစ့္စ္ုစႏ္ဆံ္ေျး ျွစးေ့စ့စံ္ျ ပစညစံရစ္ ေျ ပစျ ပစးေ ွစတမုစံုင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္္္ျ ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ ့စံ္္္ျ ပစုုစမွရစ ုစတုရလ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္မရးော စျ ရစ္ရစမုစ္ေ့ စ္ေအ္မစ ေရ္ေျး ျရစႏ္ျ ပစုုစမွ ျ ပစုုစမွရစ ုစတုရလ္(္စံပ တံွစ)္း ျေ့စ္စ္ေ ုစတုရလ္္စးေရစတပုစံုင ံုျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္အ့သစတ အ့သစတ္မံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္း ျေ့စ္စ စ္ေ ုစ္စံုေရစုုစ္ေ္ ွကံွစအတပျး ျရစႏ္ည၏ညမစကုစအွစံ္ေည္ပစ္ေ ေရ္ေ့စံ့္ရ စ ့ရ စတမကပစ္တုေရစတု့္ေ့စံတွရႏ္တွရရစ္ေ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္္စံပတ္ရစ္ညမစ ေရ္ေကုစု့ရ္ညမစညစံရစရဆ့္စ္ဆတက္ေ့စံ္ ထစးစံ့စတမကပစအွက့စ္တုေရစတု့္ေ့စံးေ့စးေရစ္ေ တွရရစ္ေျးရစ္ေ္္စံပ တံွစ္ျ ပစ ရျ ုစွကရစ္ေ္အျးရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ အျးရ္ေကရစ္ေညံု္ေျ ာ စညဆ ္အးကရစႏအု စ္ေ ေရ္ေးေတ ္ေကပစ္တွရရစ္ေ္စံျးရစ္ေ ေရ္ေ္ျ ာုံ စ္ကရ္ေ ုစျး ျမစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ျ မစမ့ံု္ေပရ္ေ္စံပ္္ကရ္ေတကရ့စးခႏု့တ္ရ္SPIC္အ ္တ္ရရစတ့ရစ ွံုုရစ္ီ္တသရ့စွကရစ္ွကံွစညစံရစရဆ္ညစံရစရဆွ့ရ ညစံရစရဆွ့ရ္မံု္ေ ကရ္ေတက္ေေရပ ္ုနပစု့ရ္ေတက္ေ ာ္ေးော စ္ မွရ္ုောမပစ္ေုုစ္ေ္ ္ုရစ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။္ည ့္းေ ည ့္းေရစျ ုစပသစအမစံ္ေက့စံ္ျ ပစ ရအတပျး ျရစႏ္္ုစညရစႏ ွစ့္စတ္တကက္ေးေသစညစံရစ္ုစႏ္ု စ္ေတု့ရရစ္ေ္ခ္းံ္ကစ္ုစတံ္ ခ္းံ္ကစ္ုစတံ္တျ ရု့ရ္ေးခႏ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ၁)္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္း ျေ့စညစံရစ္ုစ္္ထစံပအွက့စ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ ၂၂္တုေရစတု့္ေတ ္ေက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ၂)္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေျ ပစမင ံု္ေ္္ုစ့စံ္င ံု္ေမံု္ေ္ုစထစ္တ္ရ့စးကရစႏျ ာုေရစ္ွမစညမစုေရစ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂၂္ ္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂၂္အးကပစတရကက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ခ)္ထစံညမစးံုဆံ္ေ္ တကက္ေးေသစဘခ္တပညစံရစ္ုစ္္္စံပ္စံုေရစ ူ္္ုစမံု ဆ့စပစ္ေ့စံ္က စ္စံရစ္ေထရ္ေ္တ္ွကံွစ့ံ ွကံွစ့ံ ၸဏံု ေရ္ေ္ွရစကစတပ္ုစႏ္အုဆံ္ေအကရစ္ေတးေ္ေတရက ေရ္ေ၏္အွစံ္ေ္အတ ကစ့ပစတ ္ုရ္္ပစ္ေ္ၚ၂့္စံ္ညမစမနစ္္ စ ညမစမနစ္္ စတ ္ေတပက ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ သးံ္ ုစ္ုစႏု စ္ေ့စံ္တကက္ေးေသစ ုစ္စံ္ုစ ရ္တ ္တအရရစ္ပစ္ေမံု့ုစညရစႏ္္ူ ၏အမစံ္ေကွစံပအတ ္္ ူွုစတပတ ူွုစတပတ ္ုစု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ THE MYITSONE DAM: CHINA’S THREE OPTIONS As China steps up the pressure for a resumption of work on the controversial Myitsone dam, Myanmar is told it faces three options over the project’s future.
  • 4. On June 2, a delegation headed by China’s ambassador to Myanmar, Mr Hong Liang, travelled to Kachin State to lobby for a resumption of work on the US$3.6 billion Myitsone dam. Hong was accompanied by senior executives of China’s State Power Investment Corporation, a subsidiary of which signed an agreement with the junta in 2009 to build the dam on the Ayeyarwady near the confluence of the Mali and n’Mai rivers. In September 2011, President U Thein Sein responded to a growing national protest movement by suspending work on the project to build Southeast Asia’s largest hydropower dam for at least the duration of his term in office. The project’s future is emerging as a major test of the National League for Democracy government its ability to manage relations with China. This week I would like to discuss the Chinese delegation’s trip to the Kachin State capital, Myitkyina, and the options facing the NLD government over this sensitive issue. The Chinese ambassador and senior SPIC executives are well aware that the Myanmar people strongly oppose the Myitsone dam, but believe they are misinformed about the project. The purpose of their trip to Kachin was to explain the advantages of the project to representatives of the state government and local political parties, and to sound out the opinion of Myitkyina residents. Discussions over the project began in 2006 when a senior member of the junta, General Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint Oo, who was a vice president in U Thein Sein’s government from March 2011 to July 2012, visited China and sought assistance for hydropower development. The project originally envisaged a series of seven hydroelectric dams, including the main dam at the confluence of the Ayeyarwady, with another on the Mali and five on the n’Mai rivers. The seven dams were estimated to generate a total output of 21,600 megawatts, or about four times more than the nation’s current installed generation capacity of 5,200 MW. Under the terms of the initial agreement, SPIC had an 80 percent share in the project and the government 15 percent. The diversified conglomerate Asia World held the remaining 5 percent. Myanmar was to receive 10 percent of the power, cost free, and the rest was to be exported to China. However, Myanmar was given the option of buying another 20 percent of the output and China was reported to also be interested in supplying power to India and Bangladesh. The suspension of the project by President Thein Sein created problems for SPIC and other Chinese contractors that had borrowed from Chinese banks but had to continue
  • 5. paying interest on their loans. The soaring cost of the project due to accumulating interest has been reported to the government, the Myanmar Investment Commission and the Office of the Attorney General each year since work was suspended. The total cost of the project at the end of last year was reported to have reached $800 million. The Chinese government and companies want an end to this procrastination and a decision on the project’s fate as soon as possible. They want to know if the project will be resumed, resumed with modifications or cancelled. If it is to be cancelled, they will not ask for immediate compensation but will seek to have costs covered through a long-term loan or be granted other investment opportunities in Myanmar, so as to avoid harming the long- standing friendly bilateral relations. The four SPIC executives who travelled to Myitkyina included the director-general of its international business department, Mr Lieu Zan, who told members of the Kachin State government that Myanmar faced three options over the dam. He said it can cancel the dam and be liable to pay $800 million in compensation, resume work on the project and earn $500 million a year in revenue when it is completed, or do nothing and pay $50 million in interest costs for as long as it is suspended. It is now up to Suu Kyi and her government to decide which course of action to take. http://frontiermyanmar.net/…/the-myitsone-dam-chinas-three-