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Nathaniel hawthorne
1.
NNaatthhaanniieell HHaawwtthhoorrnnee AA
BBaallaanncceedd AApppprrooaacchh ttoo TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm AAnn IInnttrroo ttoo NNaattee tthhee GGrreeaatt EEnngglliisshh 224444
2.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee HHaawwtthhoorrnnee wwaass bboorrnn oonn JJuullyy 44tthh,, 11880044 iinn SSaalleemm,, MMaassss.. FFaatthheerr:: NNaatthhaanniieell HHaatthhoorrnnee SSrr.. wwaass aa sseeaa ccaappttaaiinn.. MMootthheerr:: EElliizzaabbeetthh CCllaarrkkee MMaannnniinngg wwaass aa ddeesscceennddeenntt ooff bbllaacckkssmmiitthhss
3.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee HHaawwtthhoorrnnee aatttteennddeedd BBoowwddooiinn CCoolllleeggee AAfftteerr hhiiss ggrraadduuaattiioonn hhee ttuurrnneedd ttoo wwrriittiinngg.. HHee wwrroottee sseevveerraall ssuucccceessssffuull sshhoorrtt ssttoorriieess wwhhiicchh wweerree ccoolllleecctteedd iinn TTwwiiccee-- TToolldd TTaalleess ((11883377))..
4.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee HHaawwtthhoorrnnee rreettuurrnneedd ttoo SSaalleemm wwhheerree hhee mmeett SSoopphhiiaa PPeeaabbooddyy.. AAfftteerr aa ffiivvee yyeeaarr eennggaaggeemmeenntt,, tthheeyy wweerree mmaarrrriieedd iinn 11884422..
5.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee UUnnaabbllee ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt hhiiss nneeww ffaammiillyy bbyy wwrriittiinngg,, iinn 11884466 HHaawwtthhoorrnnee aacccceepptteedd aa ppoolliittiiccaall aappppooiinnttmmeenntt ttoo tthhee SSaalleemm CCuussttoomm HHoouussee aass SSuurrvveeyyoorr ooff tthhee PPoorrtt ..
6.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee TThhiiss bbuurreeaauuccrraattiicc ppoossiittiioonn ssttuunntteedd HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss ccrreeaattiivviittyy.. AA cchhaannggee iinn aaddmmiinniissttrraattiioonn,, hhoowweevveerr,, lleedd ttoo hhiiss tteerrmmiinnaattiioonn iinn 11884499.. HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss mmootthheerr ddiieedd aatt tthhee ssaammee ttiimmee..
7.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee SSuuffffeerriinngg tthheessee lloosssseess,, HHaawwtthhoorrnnee lleefftt SSaalleemm,, wwhhiicchh hhee ccaalllleedd ""tthhaatt aabboommiinnaabbllee cciittyy,,"" ssaayyiinngg tthhaatt hhee nnooww hhaadd nnoo rreeaassoonn ttoo rreemmaaiinn.. HHee wwoouulldd nneevveerr aaggaaiinn rreettuurrnn..
8.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee SSoommee ccrriittiiccss hhaavvee ssuuggggeesstteedd tthhaatt tthhee lloossss ooff bbootthh hhiiss ppoossiittiioonn aanndd mmootthheerr pprroovviiddeedd tthhee ccrreeaattiivvee iimmppeettuuss ttoo wwrriittee TThhee SSccaarrlleett LLeetttteerr ((11885500))..
9.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss ccoonnnneeccttiioonn ttoo SSaalleemm hhaauunntteedd hhiimm.. HHiiss ggrreeaatt-- ggrraannddffaatthheerr JJoohhnn HHaatthhoorrnnee wwaass tthhee cchhiieeff--iinntteerrrrooggaattoorr ooff tthhee ““SSaalleemm WWiittcchheess..””
10.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee TThhee ssttoorryy tthhaatt HHaawwtthhoorrnnee aaddddeedd tthhee ""ww"" ttoo hhiiss nnaammee ttoo ddiissttaannccee hhiimmsseellff ffrroomm hhiiss HHaatthhoorrnnee aanncceessttoorrss hhaass nnoo cclleeaarr eevviiddeennccee ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt iitt..
11.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee IInn 11883300,, hhoowweevveerr,, hhee ppuubblliisshheedd ""TThhee HHoollllooww ooff tthhee TThhrreeee HHiillllss,,"" uunnddeerr tthhee nnaammee ooff NNaatthhaanniieell HHaatthhoorrnnee.. AAfftteerr tthhiiss ddaattee hhiiss nnaammee aappppeeaarrss aass NNaatthhaanniieell HHaawwtthhoorrnnee..
12.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee OOtthheerr PPuubblliisshheedd wwoorrkkss:: TTwwiiccee--TToolldd TTaalleess,, TThhee HHoouussee ooff tthhee SSeevveenn GGaabblleess,, TThhee MMaabbllee FFaauunn,, OOuurr OOlldd HHoommee,, aanndd cchhiillddrreenn’’ss bbooookkss AA WWoonnddeerr BBooookk,, aanndd TTaanngglleewwoooodd TTaalleess..
13.
TThhee LLiiffee ooff
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee NNaatthhaanniieell HHaawwtthhoorrnnee ddiieedd oonn MMaayy 1188,, 11886644 iinn PPllyymmoouutthh,, NNeeww HHaammppsshhiirree.. HHee iiss ccrreeddiitteedd wwiitthh wwrriittiinngg tthhee ffiirrsstt ttrruullyy AAmmeerriiccaann nnoovveell:: TThhee SSccaarrlleett LLeetttteerr..
14.
Influences uuppoonn HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss
WWoorrkk MMaarrrriiaaggee SSoopphhiiaa ddeessiirreedd ttoo ppaaiinntt,, wwrriittee,, aanndd ppuurrssuuee aa pprrooffeessssiioonn SShhee wwaass lliimmiitteedd bbyy ssoocciiaall ccoonnssttrraaiinnttss aanndd mmootthheerrhhoooodd
15.
Influences uuppoonn HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss
WWoorrkk FFeemmaallee cchhaarraacctteerrss aarree oofftteenn ppoorrttrraayyeedd aass ssyymmppaatthheettiicc IIddeeaa ooff ““FFeemmaallee PPuurriittyy”” IInnfflluueennccee ooff PPuurriittaann hheerriittaaggee
16.
Influences uuppoonn HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss
WWoorrkk PPuurriittaann NNeeww EEnnggllaanndd MMaannyy wwoorrkkss aarree sseett iinn NNeeww EEnnggllaanndd PPuurriittaann bbeelliieeff iinn aann ““aaccttiivvee eevviill”” ((DDeevviill)) SSaalleemm ccoommmmuunniittiieess aarree oofftteenn vviieewweedd aass hhyyppooccrriittiiccaall –– SSaalleemm WWiittcchh TTrriiaallss
17.
LLiitteerraarryy TThheemmeess
AAlliieennaattiioonn –– aa cchhaarraacctteerr iiss iissoollaatteedd dduuee ttoo sseellff--ccaauussee oorr ssoocciieettaall--ccaauussee GGuuiilltt vvss.. IInnnnoocceennccee –– aa cchhaarraacctteerr’’ss sseennssee ooff gguuiilltt ccaauusseedd bbyy PPuurriittaanniiccaall vvaalluueess//hheerriittaaggee
18.
LLiitteerraarryy TThheemmeess
IInnddiivviidduuaall vvss.. SSoocciieettyy SSeellff--rreelliiaannccee vvss.. AAccccoommmmooddaattiioonn HHyyppooccrriissyy vvss.. IInntteeggrriittyy FFaattee vvss.. FFrreeee WWiillll UUnnccoonnvveennttiioonnaall GGeennddeerr RRoolleess IImmppoossssiibbiilliittyy ooff HHuummaann PPeerrffeeccttiioonn SSeeccrreett SSiinn
19.
IImmaaggeerryy HHaawwtthhoorrnnee
mmaakkeess uussee ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg ppaatttteerrnnss ooff iimmaaggeess:: LLiigghhtt vvss.. DDaarrkk NNaattuurraall vvss.. UUnnnnaattuurraall SSuunnsshhiinnee vvss.. FFiirreelliigghhtt oorr MMoooonnlliigghhtt aanndd RReefflleeccttiioonnss
20.
RRoommaannttiicc//GGootthhiicc MMoottiiffss
FFaannttaassiieess DDrreeaammss RReevveerriieess OOppeenn--eennddeedd eennddiinnggss aanndd uunnaannsswweerreedd qquueessttiioonnss –– tthhee ooppeenn-- eennddeedd ppoossssiibbiilliittiieess ooff tthhee iiddeeaalliissttiicc RRoommaannttiicc
21.
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss VViieewwss ooff
TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm HHaawwtthhoorrnnee ddiidd nnoott ccoonnffoorrmm ttoo tthhee RRoommaannttiicc ffooccuuss oonn tthhee eemmoottiioonnss aanndd aabbaannddoonnmmeenntt ooff rreeaassoonn.. HHaawwtthhoorrnnee ssttrroovvee ttoo ccrreeaattee aa bbaallaannccee bbeettwweeeenn ““hheeaadd aanndd hheeaarrtt..””
22.
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss VViieewwss ooff
TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm HHaawwtthhoorrnnee bbeelliieevveedd tthhaatt hhuummaann ffuullffiillllmmeenntt wwaass aacchhiieevveedd tthhrroouugghh aa bbaallaannccee bbeettwweeeenn mmiinndd,, rreeaassoonn,, hheeaarrtt,, ssppiirriitt,, wwiillll,, aanndd iimmaaggiinnaattiioonn..
23.
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss VViieewwss ooff
TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissmm HHaawwtthhoorrnnee’’ss bbaallaanncceedd aapppprrooaacchh ppllaacceedd hhiimm iinn ooppppoossiittiioonn ttoo ootthheerr TTrraannsscceennddeennttaalliissttss –– EEmmeerrssoonn,, TThhoorreeaauu,, aanndd LLoonnggffeellllooww..
24.
HHaawwtthhoorrnnee && TThhee
SSeeccrreett ““SSoommee sseeccrreett iinn mmyy ffaatthheerr’’ss lliiffee wwhhiicchh hhaass nneevveerr bbeeeenn rreevveeaalleedd”” SSeellff-- rreelliiaannccee ccaann lleeaadd ttoo eexxcceessssiivvee pprriiddee.. MMaannyy tthheeoorriieess oonn wwhhaatt tthhiiss sseeccrreett wwaass..
Editor's Notes
Melville was a close friend of Hawthorne and contended that there was a great secret. One of the most contentious was that he had a sexual relationship with his sister. Another was that he was gay.
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