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5 Indirizzamento Ip

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Indirizzamento IP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Servizio offerto dal livello di rete Trasporto: end-to-end Rete: hop-by-hop
Indirizzi in reti TCP/IP Indirizzo fisico: dipende dalla tecnologia sottostante Indirizzo IP: indirizzo universale di internetworking (32 bit) Indirizzo di porta: identifica il processo destinatario (16 bit)
L’indirizzamento IP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Computer Networking, J. Kurose
Indirizzi IPv4 (RFC 791) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Indirizzamento IP ,[object Object],[object Object],Rete 131.30.0.0 Rete 131.175.0.0 131.175.1.254 131.30.18.254 131.175.23.24 131.30.78.4
Gestione degli indirizzi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NetID HostID Rete Host Tutti gli host all’interno della stessa rete hanno lo stesso indirizzo di rete
Indirizzamento Classful ,[object Object],Future use Classe E (240-255) 1111 Multicast Classe D (224-239) 1110 NetID HostID Classe C (192-223) 110 NetID HostID Classe B (128-191) 10 NetID HostID 8 16 24 32 Classe A (0-127) 0 Primo ottetto
Indirizzamento Classful A B C D E 6.25% 2 28 =268,435,456 E 6.25% 2 28 =268,435,456 D 12.5% 2 29 =536,870,912 C 25% 2 30 =1,073,741,824 B 50% 2 31 =2,147483648 A Percentuale Numero Indirizzi Classe
Indirizzi Speciali ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],193.17.31.0 193.17.31.45 193.17.31.76 193.17.31.55
Indirizzi Speciali ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],193.17.31.0 193.17.31.45 193.17.31.76 193.17.31.55
Indirizzi Speciali ,[object Object],[object Object],193.17.31.0 193.17.31.45 193.17.31.76 193.17.31.55
Indirizzi Speciali ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Esempio di un piano di indirizzamento IP 191.175.123.1 … 191.175.123.20 191.175.123.21 … 191.175.123.30 191.175.123.51 … 191.175.123.60 191.175.120. 1 … 191.175.120.5 191.175.15.1 191.175.15.100 … web server mail server R R B R Internet 191.175.120.254 191.175.15.254 191.175.123.253 191.175.123.254 191.175.123.1
Rigidità Approccio Classful ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limiti della gestione Classful ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subnetting (RFC 950) ,[object Object],IG IG IG EG sottorete rete: 131.175.0.0
Subnetting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Network host Network host sottorete 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 …………………….…1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 netmask (maschera)
Netmask ,[object Object],[object Object],netmask: 255.255.255.0 rete: 131.175.0.0 sottoreti: 131.175.0.0, 131.175.1.0, …, 131.175.254.0, 131.75.255.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Netmask ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analogia con le reti telefoniche ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Site Subnet host 141 . 14 192 192 . .
Subnetting e routing ,[object Object],[object Object],IG IG IG EG sottorete rete: 131.175.0.0
Esempio di Subnetting (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Esempio di Subnetting (2) ,[object Object],1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 192 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.0.0/26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.0.64/26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.0.128/26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.0.192/26 ... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.255.128/26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 128.234.255.192/26
Quando il Subnetting non basta.. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Netmask Variabile ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],62 hosts First Mask 255.255.255.192 Second Mask 255.255.255.224 62 hosts 62 hosts 30 hosts 30 hosts
Supernetting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],host 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 …………………….…1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Network
Supernetting ,[object Object],193.23.136.0 193.23.137.0 193.23.138.0 193.23.139.0 193.23.136.0/22 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indirizzi IP e nomi di domini ,[object Object],[object Object],IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) 1998

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5 Indirizzamento Ip

  • 1.
  • 2. Servizio offerto dal livello di rete Trasporto: end-to-end Rete: hop-by-hop
  • 3. Indirizzi in reti TCP/IP Indirizzo fisico: dipende dalla tecnologia sottostante Indirizzo IP: indirizzo universale di internetworking (32 bit) Indirizzo di porta: identifica il processo destinatario (16 bit)
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Indirizzamento Classful A B C D E 6.25% 2 28 =268,435,456 E 6.25% 2 28 =268,435,456 D 12.5% 2 29 =536,870,912 C 25% 2 30 =1,073,741,824 B 50% 2 31 =2,147483648 A Percentuale Numero Indirizzi Classe
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Esempio di un piano di indirizzamento IP 191.175.123.1 … 191.175.123.20 191.175.123.21 … 191.175.123.30 191.175.123.51 … 191.175.123.60 191.175.120. 1 … 191.175.120.5 191.175.15.1 191.175.15.100 … web server mail server R R B R Internet 191.175.120.254 191.175.15.254 191.175.123.253 191.175.123.254 191.175.123.1
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.