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Power as the basis
for organized action




Raphaëlle LAUBIE
                   Crozier, M and Friedberg,E
                                                1
‘’Une marque est plus qu'un nom ou un logo - c'est une promesse et un contrat avec chaque client avec qui vous avez affaire. Et si les gens estime
                                                                      Richard Branson

   POWER




     Behind the actor and his strategy, the concept of
           power is crucial to serve his purpose

       Context of each relationship is thus established




                 Power as the basis for organized action
                Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                                                                                  2
POWER


         Relations                   Strategy




        POWER ?                        Actor


   Power as the basis for organized action
  Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                   3
RELATION BETWEEN POWER ACTORS


                      POWER



  Actor(s)                                   Actor(s)


           "The power can only be developed
  through exchange between actors in a given relation"


   Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                           4
NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS)


         #1
  Instrumental
  Relationship




             “ Power can be conceived only in the context of
 Teleology
             a goal that motivates actors’ commitment "


     Power as the basis for organized action
    Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                5
NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS)

                                  Relation X         Relation Y
         #2                  A                  B                 C



                                    V
                                    V



                                                      V
                                                      V
      Non
                                            Relation Z
   Transitive
                             A                                     C


                                               V
                                               V
  Relationship


    “Power is closely
                         "Every action is a specific issue around which is
  linked to requested
                        grafted a special relationship"
        actions”

    Power as the basis for organized action
    Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                              6
NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS)


         #3
    Mutual but
   Unbalanced
   Relationship


                        "It's a power relationship where
  Reciprocal Exchange   one can get more than the other without
                        being totally helpless in front of the other "


    Power as the basis for organized action
    Crozier, M and Friedberg,E                                           7
SOURCE OF POWER (ACTORS)


                       POWER


   Actor(s)                                    Actor(s)

                     OPPORTUNITIES/FREEDOM OF ACTION
                                 (Areas of Uncertainty)
     "The power lies in the margin of freedom available
      to each partner engaged in a power relationship"
        (freedom to refuse what the other one asked)

   Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg,E                             8
STRATEGIES (ACTORS)


        #1
   Diversify its
   investment
      areas


  Play multiple and   - Limiting risks of losses in power relations
    simultaneous      - Collecting and reinvesting resources committed
    relationships       in relations to be more offensive


   Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg,E                                            9
STRATEGIES (ACTORS)



         #2
 Control the time
      factor



                         The ability to set a longer time horizon in
 Do not get trapped by
                       a relationship will provide a major advantage
      short term


    Power as the basis for organized action
    Crozier, M and Friedberg,E                                         10
CONTROL OF POWER ( STRUCTURE)


                          POWER


    Actor(s)                                       Actor(s)

                               V
       OPPORTUNITIES/FREEDOM OF ACTIONS REDUCED
       (Areas of organizational uncertainties)
 "structures and rules governing the functioning of an organization
     and identifying places where power relations can develop“

     (The organization regulates conduct of relations of power)
     Power as the basis for organized action
     Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                      11
SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE )



       #1
    Expertise




                     " The expert is the only one who has the know-
   Strategic Skill   how, knowledge, experience of the
                     context to resolve some critical issues "


   Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                        12
SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE )


        #2

Organization and
 Environment’s
 Uncertainties

                      "The organization depends on its
Relevant Environments environment to obtain the material and human
     Management       resources necessary for its operation and
                      to sell its products and/or services."

    Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                       13
SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE )



        #3
 Communication




                      “ To fulfill the function assigned
  Information Flows   to his post, the person needs information from
     Organization
                      other positions held by other individuals."

    Power as the basis for organized action
   Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                         14
SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE )



         #4
        Rules




 Use of Organizational
                         They are made to reduce sources of uncertainty
         Rules


    Power as the basis for organized action
    Crozier, M and Friedberg, E                                           15
THANK
 YOU


Raphaëlle LAUBIE
                   Crozier, M and Friedberg,E
                                                16

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Concept of power

  • 1. Power as the basis for organized action Raphaëlle LAUBIE Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 1
  • 2. ‘’Une marque est plus qu'un nom ou un logo - c'est une promesse et un contrat avec chaque client avec qui vous avez affaire. Et si les gens estime Richard Branson POWER Behind the actor and his strategy, the concept of power is crucial to serve his purpose Context of each relationship is thus established Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 2
  • 3. POWER Relations Strategy POWER ? Actor Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 3
  • 4. RELATION BETWEEN POWER ACTORS POWER Actor(s) Actor(s) "The power can only be developed through exchange between actors in a given relation" Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 4
  • 5. NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS) #1 Instrumental Relationship “ Power can be conceived only in the context of Teleology a goal that motivates actors’ commitment " Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 5
  • 6. NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS) Relation X Relation Y #2 A B C V V V V Non Relation Z Transitive A C V V Relationship “Power is closely "Every action is a specific issue around which is linked to requested grafted a special relationship" actions” Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 6
  • 7. NATURE OF POWER (ACTORS) #3 Mutual but Unbalanced Relationship "It's a power relationship where Reciprocal Exchange one can get more than the other without being totally helpless in front of the other " Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 7
  • 8. SOURCE OF POWER (ACTORS) POWER Actor(s) Actor(s) OPPORTUNITIES/FREEDOM OF ACTION (Areas of Uncertainty) "The power lies in the margin of freedom available to each partner engaged in a power relationship" (freedom to refuse what the other one asked) Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 8
  • 9. STRATEGIES (ACTORS) #1 Diversify its investment areas Play multiple and - Limiting risks of losses in power relations simultaneous - Collecting and reinvesting resources committed relationships in relations to be more offensive Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 9
  • 10. STRATEGIES (ACTORS) #2 Control the time factor The ability to set a longer time horizon in Do not get trapped by a relationship will provide a major advantage short term Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 10
  • 11. CONTROL OF POWER ( STRUCTURE) POWER Actor(s) Actor(s) V OPPORTUNITIES/FREEDOM OF ACTIONS REDUCED (Areas of organizational uncertainties) "structures and rules governing the functioning of an organization and identifying places where power relations can develop“ (The organization regulates conduct of relations of power) Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 11
  • 12. SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE ) #1 Expertise " The expert is the only one who has the know- Strategic Skill how, knowledge, experience of the context to resolve some critical issues " Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 12
  • 13. SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE ) #2 Organization and Environment’s Uncertainties "The organization depends on its Relevant Environments environment to obtain the material and human Management resources necessary for its operation and to sell its products and/or services." Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 13
  • 14. SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE ) #3 Communication “ To fulfill the function assigned Information Flows to his post, the person needs information from Organization other positions held by other individuals." Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 14
  • 15. SOURCES OF POWER ( STRUCTURE ) #4 Rules Use of Organizational They are made to reduce sources of uncertainty Rules Power as the basis for organized action Crozier, M and Friedberg, E 15
  • 16. THANK YOU Raphaëlle LAUBIE Crozier, M and Friedberg,E 16