Breast cancer is a major health issue in India. It is the most common cancer among women in many large cities and the second most common in rural areas. Rates of breast cancer are increasing in India due to urbanization and lifestyle changes. Many women are diagnosed at later stages due to lack of screening. Efforts are being made to increase awareness and screening through organizations and hospitals but policy and funding support is still lacking, especially in rural areas.

1. Breast
Cancer in
India
Narjis Sayeed

2.  Breast cancer is a major health problem in
the US and worldwide.
 It is the most common malignancy among
women.
 Cancer is not only due to genetic factors,
but also lifestyle and environment.

3. Stages of Breast Cancer
 Stage 0: Non-invasive breast cancer, no indication of the
cancer or cancerous cells breaking out from origin point
 Stage 1: Invasive breast cancer, the cancerous cells are
breaking through to or invading surrounding normal
tissue
 Stage 2: 2a No tumor but there are cancerous cells in the
lymph nodes, or there is a tumor that has grown. 2b
Tumor has grown and cancerous cells in the lymph
nodes.
 Stage 3: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes near
breastbone and chest wall
 Stage 4: Cancer has spread (metastasized) to other parts
of the body.

4. Facts
 Rates of cancer has increased among the
younger population (women in their 30s and
40s)
 Cancer among the young is more aggressive.
 Majority of women are being diagnosed with
cancer after the second stage. Many in the
fourth stage
 Breast cancer cases has been increasing in
India, with the increase of urbanization.
 Risk increases the later a woman has first
child after turning 30.

5. Data
 Breast cancer is the most common type in many cities and the
second most common in rural areas.
 As of last year the rate of breast cancer in India was 11.1 (per
100,000 for age standardized mortality rate), and the number
of deaths was 53,592.
 Breast cancer is by far the most frequent among women in the
world and is now the most common type of cancer in
developed and developing nations.
 Incidence of
 breast cancer has increased greatly over the past 50 years, this
is due to urbanization
 Incident number of cancer rates in 2001 and 2016 national
levels
 Breast cancer …. 89,914 140,975

6.  Deaths from breast cancer in Andhra
Pradesh was 3863, the fifth highest
 Research done at MNJ Institute of
Oncology and Regional Cancer Center
over a period of 10 days, they had 121
cases of breast cancer.

8. “Western Disease”
 “Women in high-income countries like the
United States and the United Kingdom are
benefiting from early cancer screenings, drug
therapies, and vaccines,” said Dr. Rafael
Lozano, Professor of Global Health at IHME
and one of the co-authors of the Lancet
study, “We are seeing the burden of breast
and cervical cancer shifting to low-income
countries in Africa and Asia. This is the one of
the early signs of the emerging threat of non
communicable diseases in these countries.”

9. What has been done
 There have been some
steps taken by
organizations for
awareness.
 Awareness month for the
importance of screening.
 Breast Cancer screening
initiative, 5000 health
workers trained to perform
clinical breast
examinations.
 Breast Cancer screening
program in Gandhi
Medical Hospital/College

10. Gandhi Medical Hospital/College Program
 Biggest government hospital in state
 Project: women’s clinic from April 2006 to
February 2007
 Staff of the hospital trained according to WHO
guidelines
 Conducted screenings and awareness programs
 Women who came to the department were the
ones who were screened.
 171 screenings were adequate of which 26 were
malignant.

11. Policy Act
 As of now there are no laws regarding breast cancer.
 Law requiring funding towards breast cancer screening and
education programs.
 Funding to provide coverage in Hyderabad and surrounding
villages.
 Law requiring each region to have clinics that will educate
women and give them support and help.
 Have the genetic test available to detect for mutations of the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene. For those with breast cancer in the
family.
 Provide help for those who are not able to afford treatment.
 Law requiring women of certain age to have a mammogram
done, and provide the means for those who cannot afford it.

12. House of the People
 Shri Sukender Reddy Gutha- for
providing better health care for people
in rural areas.
 Shri Madhu Goud Yaskhi- founded the
Madhu Yaskhi foundation, part of
which is funding to provide health care
facilities in rural areas.
 Smt. Kumar Meira- held a position on
the committee for education and
health programs for women.

13. Council of States
 Shri Raashid Alvi (Member of
Parliament)- for equitable access to
health services
 Shri Y.S. Chowdary (Member of
Parliament)- Rise in cases of diseases
afflicting the young female population,
breast cancer included.
 Dr. T. Subbarami Reddy (Member of
Parliament)- investment in health
education

14. Stakeholders
 Government of  Cancer foundation
Andhra Pradesh of India
 Family, Welfare,  CPAA (Cancer
Health department Patients Aid
of Hyderabad Association)
 World Health  Passages
Organization

15. Reference
 ChartsBin,com, viewed on 25th September, 2011, http://chartbin.com/view/252
 Breastcancerindia.net
 India.gov.in
 Shrivastav, Snehlata. "Spike in Cancer Cases Alarms Experts - Times Of
India." Featured Articles From The Times Of India. 16 Sept. 2011. Web. 21 Sept.
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16/nagpur/30165128_1_cancer-registries-cervical-cancer-breast-cancer>.
 Shukla, Shobha. "Cervical and Breast Cancers: Killers On The Prowl | Scoop
News." Scoop - New Zealand News. 16 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.
<http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1109/S00142/cervical-and-breast-cancers-
killers-on-the-prowl.htm>.
 Murthy, NS, Kishore Chaudhry, and GK Rath. "Burden of Cancer and Projections for
2016, Indian Scenario: Gaps in the Availability of Radiotherapy Treatment
Facilitie." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 9 (2008): 671-77. Web.
 http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/diagnosis/staging.jsp
 ORAL, BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCERS SCREENING IN GANDHI MEDICAL
COLLEGE/HOSPITAL SECUNDERABAD. Rep. Hyderabad, 2007. World Health
Orginazation. Web.
<http://http://www.whoindia.org/LinkFiles/Cancer_report_hyderabad.pdf>