Summary: Horse series is touted as the strongest evidence in support of Darwin’s mechanism of evolution. However this is not correct. Since, there is no evidence that supports migration of horse ancestors from North America to Asia across Bering Land Bridge. Author: Dr Mahesh C. Jain is a practicing medical doctor and has written the book “Encounter of Science with Philosophy – A synthetic view”. The book begins with first chapter devoted to scientifically valid concept of God and then explains cosmic phenomena right from origin of nature and universe up to origin of life and evolution of man. The book includes several chapters devoted to auxiliary concepts and social sciences as corollaries to the concept of God. This is the only book which deals with origin of nature and universe from null. Thirtieth chapter of the book deals with the subject matter of ‘Evolution of Life’. http://www.sciencengod.com http://curatio.in

1. Whether or Not Horse Evolution Lends Any Credibility to Darwinism
Summary: Horse series is touted as the strongest evidence in support of Darwin’s
mechanism of evolution. However this is not correct. Since, there is no evidence
that supports migration of horse ancestors from North America to Asia across
Bering Land Bridge.
The evolution of the horse pertains to the phylogenetic ancestry of the
modern horse from the small, dog-sized, forest-
dwelling Eohippus over geologic time scales. Paleozoologists have been able to
piece together a more complete picture of the modern horse's
evolutionary lineage than that of any other animal.
The horse belongs to an order known as Perissodactyla, or "odd-toed
ungulates", which all share hooved feet and an odd number of toes on each
foot, as well as mobile upper lips and a similar tooth structure. This means
that horses share a common ancestry with tapirs and rhinoceroses.
Horse evolution is cited as the best example in support of Darwin’s
mechanism of evolution essentially consisting of continuous, gradual
evolution by accumulation of random variations over immense periods of
time. In this context, Equidae fossils discovered are said to form a horse
series that is consistent with Darwin’s mechanism of evolution.
North America is presumed to be horse’s natural habitat. About 55 million
years ago there is supposed to be a dry land in the place where present strait
of Bering is. However there is no geological or geographical evidence to
support this contention. There are only presumptions. The ancestors of
American horses migrated to Asia, later Europe and distant Africa along this
“bridge”. Even archeologists cannot find their tracks. Even the timeline of
horse migration is different in different references varying from 25 million
years to 5 million years. For unknown reasons 30 million years ago horses
disappeared from America. No reason for extinction of Equidae family from
North America has ever been provided. One of the suppositions is that the
sting of some fly was poisonous to horses. Moreover if horses became extinct
from North America 25 million years back, then where were the horses left to
migrate to Asia along Bering Land Bridge.Only in the 16th century horses
were brought to America by conquistadors.

2. The Bering Strait is approximately 82 kilometres (51 mi; 44 nmi) wide at its
narrowest point, with depth varying between 98 feet (30 m) and 160 feet
(49 m).It connects the Chukchi Sea (part of the Arctic Ocean) to the north with
the Bering Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean) to the south. This is supposed to
have transformed into Bering Land Bridge, several times in the geological and
geographical history of Earth to permit migration of flora and fauna across
North American and European continents and then to Asia and Africa. Bering
Land Bridge is said to be 1000 Km wide from NORTH to SOUTH. However the
only reason cited in support of such a contention is compulsion of
Biogeography. To quote:
“Some, like the ancient saber-toothed cats, have a recurring geographical
range: Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. The only way they could reach
the New World was by the Bering land bridge. Had this bridge not existed at
that time, the fauna of the world would be very different.”
There is no independent geological or geographical evidence to support
existence of Bering Land Bridge. Hence the only difficult with this
presumption is that presumes the fact it has to prove.
Despite an excellent fossil record of the Equidae, there are still many gaps in
our evolutionary knowledge. Only the modern horse, zebras, wild asses and
donkey survive today, but many other lineages have become extinct over the
last 50,000 years. Detailed fossil information on the rate and distribution of
new equid species has also revealed that the progression between species was
not as smooth and consistent as was once believed. Although some
transitions, such as that of Dinohippus to Equus, indeed appear to be gradual
progressions, a number of others, such as that of Epihippus to Mesohippus,
were relatively abrupt in geologic time, taking place over only a few million
years. The change in equids' traits was also not always a "straight line"
from Eohippus to Equus: some traits reversed themselves at various points in
the evolution of new equid species, such as size and the presence of
facial fossae, and only in retrospect can certain evolutionary trends be
recognized.
Therefore all the accumulated evidences points only to morphological trends
and patterns in Equidae family on empirical basis and are no evidence to
conclude any straight line evolution from from the small, dog-sized, forest-
dwelling Eohippus over geologic time scales to modern horse in accordance
with Darwin’s Mechanism of Evolution. Hence, the observed evolutionary

3. morphological trends and patterns lend no credibility to Darwin’s mechanism
of Evolution. There is no evidence to show that ancestors of modern horse
actually migrated to Europe through Bering Strait. In fact extinction of horses
in North America 30 million years ago precludes such migration. In fact, all the
evidence points to correlations, associations and correspondences; widely
rampant in nature and for which no rational explanations are presently
available.
Cumulative evidence suggests some other mechanism of evolution other than
Darwinism. Observed morphological trends and patterns are nothing more
than correlations, associations and correspondences that are commonly seen
in our study of nature. Empirical data does not fit into Darwin’s mechanism of
evolution.
Author: Dr Mahesh C. Jain is a practicing medical doctor and has written the
book “Encounter of Science with Philosophy – A synthetic view”. The book
begins with first chapter devoted to scientifically valid concept of God and
then explains cosmic phenomena right from origin of nature and universe up
to origin of life and evolution of man. The book includes several chapters
devoted to auxiliary concepts and social sciences as corollaries to the concept
of God. This is the only book which deals with origin of nature and universe
from null. Thirtieth chapter of the book deals with the subject matter of
‘Evolution of Life’.
http://www.sciencengod.com
http://curatio.in