16. 暴露後被感染的機率
HIV1
• have a very low rate of infection ( 0.3%)
• 57 documented occupational infections in U.S. health care workers, 138
possible infections
Hepatitis C2
• 1-2% of health care workers infected (same as general population)
Hepatitis B3
• 400/year in 1995 compared to 16,000/yr in 1983
1. CDC AIDS Surveillance Report mid-year 2000
2. CDC Recommendations fro Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
3. EpiNet data (www.hsc.virginia.edu/epinet/estimates.html
17.
18. 暴露的定義 – 暴露程度
針扎 (needle stick)
較不嚴重:
實心針 (solid needle),
表皮傷口 (superficial injury)
較嚴重:
大口徑的空心針(large-bore hollow needle),
深度扎傷 (deep puncture),
可見血的器械 (visible blood on device),
針具直接使用在病人的血管 (needle used in patient’s artery or vein )
26. 暴露後預防性投藥 - 血體液傳播
(post exposure prophylaxis, PEP)
Health care workers put themselves at risk in their work. (醫療工作者工作本
身存在風險)
Prevention of exposures is critical. (預防暴露是重要的)
Appropriate treatment, including PEP, after exposures reduces risk. (暴露後預
防投藥可減少感染風險)
Awareness of post-exposure options may allay fears of caring for infected
patients. (了解暴露後的處置可以減少照顧病人的恐懼)