2. By the end of this week you should: Be aware and understand the theories explaining moral development of children Have discussed the implications for the P.E. Teacher
3. Co-operation – Competitionwithin Physical Education Competition Inter-individual With confrontation Without confrontation Predictable unpredictable Inter-dyadic Inter-group Co-operation Deutsh (1949) Acting together for shared goals Reaching shared goals co-ordinating actions Helping & collaborating to achieve task http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rftaCZvz908
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5. Moral Development What is ‘morality’? Where does our ‘morality’ come from? ‘Morality’ – distinguish right from wrong - act on this distinction - experience pride in virtuous conduct and guilt or shame over acts that violate one’s standards (Quinn, Houts & Grasser (1994), Shaffer (1994)) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDj2TXMNRPk&feature=related & http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMvc_TOstLE
6. Sir Winston We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be,we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender,
7. Moral Development How we treat others & how we expect to be treated in our turn Lindon (1998) 3 main aspects: Behaviour 2. Understanding 3.Judgement
8. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Level 1: Pre-Conventional morality Stage 1 punishment & obedience orientation Obey rules to avoid personal punishment Stage 2 instrumental morality Can violate rules to his/her or others benefit IstvanBelovai was Assistant Military Attaché at the Hungarian Embassy in London. He was arrested in Budapest on July 10, 1985 and sentenced to life in prison by a military court. After collapse of Communism Belovai was released from prison in September 1990. The Hungarian democratic authorities refused to grant him a full pardon. Towards the end of 1990 he left for the United States and settled in Colorado. He was granted American citizenship in 1992.
9. Level 2: Conventional morality Stage 3 Mutual expectations within relationships breaking rules OK if gives advantage to team Stage 4 Social system & conscience only by obeying rules can you keep the game going as expected
10. Level 3: Principled or post-conventional morality Stage 5 The social contract want to obey rules for enjoyment & well-being of all participants Stage 6 Universal ethical principles want to avoid harm to others even when asked/allowed to
11. Within Physical Education? Telema (1999) Interaction - pupil centred teaching methods - resolve game conflict with dialogue Competition – self control, acceptable aggression - ensure balance competitive – co-operation Role of teacher vital – pupil responsibilities - referee’s word is law – ‘fair play’ - mastery/task-orientated motivational climate - use of verbal behaviour & feedback to guide
12. Coach and referee When a coach feels written paragraphs prevails over the spirit of the game If neutrality is in question ( International matches mostly) Personal hate, strong emotions When coach challenges the call When indifferent calls are made to justify referee presence When communication is denied Dispute over infrequent special game situations After technical foul When the coach encounters a militant style of officiating
