2.  Steiner proposed the appraisal of
various parts of the skull separately
 Skeletal
 Dental
 Soft tissue

3.  Skeletal
Entails relating the upper and the lower
jaw to the skull and to each other

4.  Dental
Entails relating the upper and lower
incisor teeth to their respective jaw and
to each other

5.  Soft tissues
Provide the means of assessing the
balance and harmony of lower facial
profile

6. Skeletal Analysis
 Used anterior cranial base (sella-nasion)
as a reference line
 The advantage is the two midline points
moved minimal amount when the head
deviate from the true profile position

7. maxilla
 Point A is not an ideal reference point
 SNA noted to determine maxilla is
positioned anteriorly or posteriorly to the
cranial base

9. Mandible
 To determine is whether mandible is
protrusive or recessive related to cranial
base the SNB angle is noted.

11. Relationship of Maxilla and
Mandible
 According to steiner his major concern is
the ANB angle
 ANB angle provide a general idea of the
anteroposterior discrepancy of the
maxillary to the mandibular apical bases

13. Occlusal Plane
 Drawn through the region of the
overlapping cusps of the first premolars
and first molars.

14. Mandibular Plane
 The mandibular plane is drawn between
gonion (GO) and gnathion (Gn).
 Relating to anterior cranial base.

16. Dental Analysis

17. Maxillary Incisor position
 Axial inclination
is related to to N-A line

19. Mandibular Incisor Position
 Axial inclination
is related to to N-B line

20. Interincisal Angle
 Relates the relative
position of the upper
incisor to that the lower
incisor.

21. Lower Incisor to chin

22. Soft-Tissue Analysis
 Is a graphic record of visual observation
of clinical examination of patients
 S-line reference
lips should touch a line extending from
the soft tissue contour of the chin to the
middle of the lower boarder of the nose

24. Acceptable Compromises
 Cephalometry must not be regarded as
a numbers game in which the measured
parameters of the tracing must
approximate those of normal occlusion
or the dentofacial skeletal pattern

26. Thank You ^^