This presentation summarizes a modeling and simulation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. It discusses how plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow velocity over time. The group used COMSOL to simulate plaque deposition in a modeled coronary artery and measure the decreasing blood velocity. The simulation showed the artery became completely blocked when plaque reached 1.9mm in size, demonstrating how plaque leads to reduced blood flow and coronary thrombosis.

1. PRESENTATION ON:
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
GROUP MEMBERS:
JALAL UDDIN ( 2010-BM-63)
MUHAMMAD AZEEM (2010-BM-17)
MUHAMMAD UZAIR QADRI (2010-BM-23)
S.M. WAJIH ABIDI (2010-BM-58)
INSTRUCTOR : DR.ZIA MOHY UD-DIN
SUBJECT: “MODELING AND SIMULATION”
DEPART: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

2. HEART ALONG CORONARY ARTERIES

3. CORONARY ARTERIES
 Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
The coronary arteries are the first blood vessels that
branch off from the ascending aorta. The aorta is the
largest artery in the body. It transports and distributes
oxygen rich blood to all arteries. The coronary arteries
extend from the aorta to the heart walls supplying blood
to the atria, ventricles, and septum of the heart

4. What Is Coronary Heart Disease?
 Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in which a waxy substance called
plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich
blood to your heart muscle.
 When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called Atherosclerosis.The
buildup of plaque occurs over many years.

5. SYMPTOMS
 It may feel heavy or like someone is squeezing your
heart. You may feel it under your breast bone
(sternum), but also in your neck, arms, stomach, or
upper back.
 Other symptoms include shortness of breath and
fatigue with activity (exertion).
 Women, elderly people, and people with diabetes
are more likely to have symptoms other than chest
pain, such as:
 Fatigue
 Shortness of breath
 General weakness

6.  Myocardial infarction (MI)
 Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
 Acute coronary syndrome
 Coronary thrombosis
 Coronary occlusion

7. MODELING & SIMULING OF CORONARY ARTERY
 In order to view the change in velocity of
blood due to variable plaque deposition in
coronary artery.
 Thus this provides the inter relationship of
plaque deposition with the velocity of Blood
and clotting of blood due to flow reduction.

8. COMSOL
 It has been declared for the simulation
purpose because it contains multiphysics
parameters which would be the guide line
toward the completion of model in a short
duration for this theme.

9. DIMENSION OF CORONARY ARTERY
 Diameter : 2.9 mm
 Wall thickness : 0.5mm
 Depth from body surface : 35mm

10. ARTERY WALL PARAMETERS
 Density : 1000 kg/m^3
 Poisson’ ratio : 0.27
 Young modulus : 100 pa

11. PLAQUE PARAMETERS
 Density : 1000 kg/m^3
 Poisson’ ratio : 0.27
 Young modulus : 2312 pa

12. BLOOD PARAMETERS IN CORONARY ARTERY
 Density :1050 kg/m^3
 Dynamic viscosity : 0.04 Pa.s
 Velocity :0.3 m/s

13. SIMULING VIDEO OF PLAQUE DEPOSITION
Wait for few seconds
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14. GRAPH OF PLAQUE DEPOSITION VS
CHANGE IN BLOOD VELOCITY
 The velocity is measured from fix point just above
the plaque deposition along the artery wall.

15. RESULT
 THE CONOARY ARTERY COMPLETELY
BLOCKED AT
 PLAQUE SIZE = 1.9mm

16. CONCLUSION
 By observing the clip we can identify the
change in velocity of blood flow as well as the
clotting of blood due to increase in dynamic
viscosity with plaque deposition which
results in Coronary thrombosis (heart attack).

17. REFERENCES
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315746
9/#R14
 http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/292/6/H3148.fu
ll
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC315746
9/
 http://www.comsol.com/papers/8800/
 http://www.comsol.com/cd/direct/conf/2012/papers/1
1403/12487_buffinton_poster.pdf
 http://www.comsol.com/papers/3294/
 http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/55/2/329.short