Recycled results based on Marcellus Shale Frac flowback water. • Presentation, speaker, Water Resource Panel, August 2011, ShaleTech, Shale Energy Technology Conference, Houston, TX

2. Presenter
and
Author
of
Study
• Gene Citrone, Jr.
Process Plants Corporation
Vice President
Energy & Environmental Sector Projects
Cranberry Township, PA 16066
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr.
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved
2

3. Which
cons@tuents
of
FFW/PW
are
par@cularly
troublesome?
• Explora@on
and
Produc@on
companies
can
treat
Frac
Flowback
and
produced
waters
to
an
industry
standard
that
allows
treated
water
to
be
returned
and
reused
at
the
drill
site?
Reduction of TDS, Metals (Aluminum, Magnesium, Strontium, Manganese, Barium, Iron, etc.)
and Salts (Sulfates, Chlorides, Sodium, Potassium, etc)
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved

4. Is a Contaminant still a contaminant if the dissolved constituents are reduced?
• “
Water
treatment
is
a
difficult
process
in
the
Marcellus
Shale
gas
produc@on.
The
brine
resul@ng
can
be
pumped
into
fresh
water
at
a
rate
prescribed
by
the
DEP.
Unlike
the
BarneR
Shale,
evapora@on
in
open
tanks
is
not
an
op@on
due
to
the
high
rainfall
in
Pennsylvania.
Between
30
to
70%
of
fracing
water
typically
returns
to
the
surface
along
with
hydrocarbons,
heavy
metals,
naturally
organic
radioac@ve
materials,
and
the
TDS.”
• Carnegie
Mellon
University
in
a
2010
report
Marcellus
Shale:
Winners
and
Losers
An
Analysis
of
Current
Issues,
4

5. Our question is: Do we offer an Improved Chemical Reaction Kinetics for
Treatment of Frac Flowback Discharge Water Using the Redox Reactor
• It is foremost a reactor, a process vessel with multi-stage internal
design. The multi-stage internal design acts in part as multiple
cavitating venturies. As water is forced at high pressure into and
throughout the reactor certain redox reactions are preparing to
take place.
• Dissolved species of minerals and gases in the water in these
areas also cause an increase in the formation of vapor cavities.
When these cavities collapse, localized areas of high temperature
and pressure exist which enhance reduction and oxidation (redox)
chemical reactions.
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved
5

6. Improved
Chemical
Reac@on
• Process
reduces,
metal,
minerals
and
salts.
• System
treats
high
levels
of
Chloride
and
TDS
in
Frac
water.
• Reactor
significantly
neutralizes
metallic
salts
and
sulfates.
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved
6

7. Result
from
1st
Feasibility
7

8. The Trials
We have run field trials and have confidential agreements with producers in both
Pennsylvania and West Virginia looking for various solutions.
8

9. At withdraw, discharge time (Post Treatment) a dual stage filter operation to
effectively remove the TSS. Using a Sand Filter to capture separated material
and a specialty filter, activated carbon filter. This final step is needed and
allows the treated water to be reclaimed and reused as fracturing water.
TCLP testing - no bad leachate
9

10. Does our Evaluation and Field Application work present a viable
water recovery technology for the Natural Gas Industry?
• The Results
The changes in these properties from beginning to end of the process
indicate that the product stream has been purified from tested
contaminants and fracwater has been reduced from contaminants.
Further, the chemical makeup of the contaminants have been changed as
indicated by the change in values of TDS, pH, conductivity, specific
gravity, and chlorides
A lab director said, “Your treatment is doing what you were
expecting in the reduction of samples especially samples with as
complex of a matrix as yours...”
10

11. Claims and Conclusions from development in field and laboratory
• Our
propriety
system
treats
high
levels
of
Chloride
and
TDS
in
Frac
Flowback
Water
• Our
process
reac@on
significantly
neutralizes
metallic
salts
and
sulfates.
• Dissolved
species
of
minerals
and
gases
in
the
water
Oxida@on
rates
of
dissolved
metals
(Aluminum,
Magnesium,
Stron@um,
Manganese,
Sodium,
Potassium,
Barium,
Iron,
etc.)
and
salts
(Sulfates,
Chlorides,
etc.)
are
enhanced
by
the
forma@on
of
the
above
free
radicals
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved
11

12. Portable
&
On-­‐site
©
E.
Citrone,
Jr.
2011
Patent
Pending
All
rights
reserved
12