2. Intent
The
advent
of
new
operaEng
systems
and
mobile
devices
present
another
chapter
in
the
advancement
of
GPS/GNSS
mapping
systems.
While
the
challenges
are
similar
to
ones
we
faced
in
the
past,
the
number
of
devices
available
and
markeEng
(bright
and
shiny
syndrome)
can
overwhelm
an
organizaEon
that
is
trying
to
figure
out
whether
these
devices
are
appropriate
to
their
operaEons.
3. Intent
In
this
presentaEon
I
would
like
to
share
my
thoughts
on
the
quesEons
one
should
be
asking
when
deciding
how
to
implement
these
new
tools.
4. Disclaimer
• The
contents
of
this
talk
are
based
on
my
personal
experience
of
40
plus
years
as
a
surveyor,
mapper,
and
teacher
and
represent
my
personal
professional
opinion
only.
• Anything
I
present
should
not
be
taken
as
represenEng
official
BLM
or
government
policies.
• Any
menEon
of
specific
products
or
manufacturers
should
not
be
construed
as
endorsements
5. Talk
Contents
• History
and
background
• New
Devices
and
how
do
I
decide
what
is
best?
• Appropriate
Use
• Best
Pla5orms
• Accuracy
• ImplementaEon
6. Background
and
history
(MGIS)
• 1998
-‐2001
– Receivers
uElized
proprietary
OS/data
collecEon
systems
rolled
into
one.
Basic
posiEon
or
feature
collecEon.
Could
not
display
background
imagery,
Relied
on
serial
port
download.
Small
displays
with
limited
informaEon.
• 2001
–
present
– The
advent
of
Windows
Mobile
based
GPS
receivers.
This
allowed
users
to
run
the
data
collecEon
so_ware
of
their
choice
within
limits.
Data
collecEon
so_ware
allowed
more
advanced
opEons
but
started
running
into
memory
issues
with
the
Windows
Mobile
OS.
Screen
sizes
increased
but
sEll
limited.
Users
started
experimenEng
with
laptops
and
other
devices
to
try
and
overcome
Windows
Mobile
limitaEons.
7. Background
and
history
(MGIS)
• 2010
–
present
– iOS
and
Android
OS
smartphones
and
tablets
appear.
Many
of
these
devices
had
GPS
built
into
their
electronics.
Users
and
manufacturers
start
exploring
the
use
of
these
devices
to
overcome
Windows
Mobile
limitaEons.
InteresEng
results
but
these
OS
generally
do
not
play
well
with
a
MS
based
IT
environment.
Wireless?
So_ware
limited
in
capabiliEes.
Devices
are
offering
the
screen
architecture
users
have
been
desiring.
– Windows
tablets
start
appearing
but
generally
lack
built
in
GPS.
Windows
XP
and
7
tablet
versions
posed
difficulEes.
Windows
8.1
appears
to
overcome
problems
but
there
is
a
lack
of
receivers.
8. New
Devices
• iOS
–
Proprietary
Apple
operaEng
system
Only
found
on
their
devices.
Devices
of
interest
are
iPhones
and
iPads.
• Android
–
Google
operaEng
system.
Found
on
many
tablets
and
smart
phones
• Windows
8.1
–
limited
number
of
tablets
and
some
phones
starEng
to
appear.
9. New
Devices
• Advantages
– Larger
screen
sizes
– Device
costs
are
generally
cheaper
than
a
GPS
receiver.
– Integrated
GPS
– New
OS
that
may
offer
needed
changes
over
WM
– Market
driven
– ApplicaEons
more
easily
added
or
managed
than
systems
in
use
10. New
Devices
• Disadvantages
– Does
not
easily
work
in
a
MS
Windows
IT
environment
– Consumer
grade
GPS
systems
– Devices
and
so_ware
do
not
work
well
is
disconnected
environment.
– Advanced
so_ware
capability
not
present
yet
11. Appropriate
Use
of
Hardware
and
So_ware
• Devices
and
so_ware
are
not
equal.
• Some
are
beder
suited
to
some
applicaEons
than
others.
• Appropriate
use
is
not
totally
fixed.
It
can
vary
by
organizaEon
12. Appropriate
Use
of
Hardware
and
So_ware
• Appropriate
use
is
not
totally
fixed.
It
can
vary
by
organizaEon.
• Defined
by
– OrganizaEonal
needs/requirements
– Roles
– IT
environment
– LocaEon
(ex.
Rural
vs
Urban)
– Workflows
– Budgets
13. Roles
• Data
Genera)on
• CollecEon
of
new
data
or
update
of
old
data
to
populate
a
GIS
or
other
business
system.
• Accuracy
important
and
should
be
based
on
data
model.
• Accuracy
needs
will
drive
the
receiver
that
is
used.
• Background
informaEon
display
is
useful
but
not
required.
• Data
Consump)on
• Data
is
being
used
to
provide
a
context
in
the
field
to
provide
answers
to
assist
in
spaEal
and
locaEon
awareness.
• New
data
collecEon
a
low
priority.
• Accuracy
is
not
an
important
consideraEon.
15. Best
Pla5orms
• How
do
I
want
to
use
a
device?
• Field
device
for
data
collecEon
and
viewing?
• Field/
laptop
desktop
replacement
for
mulEple
uses?
• What
is
my
IT
environment?
How
well
will
alternate
OS
work?
MulEpla5orm
support?
– Straight
network
connecEon
– VPN
– Cloud
Services
16. Accuracy
and
data
collecEon
issues
• iOS
and
Android
devices
do
not
lend
themselves
to
the
collecEon
of
large
amounts
of
staEc
data.
• A
search
of
available
literature
(not
much)
indicate
that
these
devices
have
accelerometers
and
filters
that
lock
posiEons
when
not
moving.
I.e.
you
are
stuck
with
the
posiEon
you
get
when
you
stop
moving.
20. TesEng
Procedure
• Based
on
FGDC
GeospaEal
PosiEoning
Standards
Part
3.
• Used
Trimble
TerraFlex
so_ware
to
capture
data.
• Occupied
a
control
level
point
mulEple
Emes
over
several
months.
• The
following
slides
show
the
results.
32. ImplementaEon
Issues
• Mixed
IT
environment?
• MulEple
pla5orm
support?
• Data
Transfer?
• Cloud
needs?
• Connected
versus
disconnected
environments?
• Data
CompaEbility
in
collecEon
and
format?
