Full paper presentation MDA - Mediterranean Design Association 1st International Conference on Environmental Design 6-7 March 2015 Agrigento, Sicily

1. fear
AS A
DESIGN
MATTER
mapping
thereassuring
scenario
Daniela Petrillo
PhD Candidate - Design
DESIGN for
URBAN
REASSURING
SCENARIO
Uninhabit Fears
Agrigento | March, 7th 2015
Ist International Conference on Environmental Design
Isolates building facades | Z. Gaudrillot - 2014

2. 2011
2012
DesignAgainstCrime
@ UAL - Uk | #crime
MSc Interior Design
@ Polimi | #jail
PhD in Design
@ Polimi | #urbanfear
Design consultant
@ ABCittà | #jail
Urban Reassuring
Scenario
2013/14 2015
Hello!
Scientific board
@ DAStu | #jail

3. WHY A RESEARCH?
To actively contribute to the debate on
fear & safety
issues, inquiring their impact in the
urban environment through an ethical,
political and social point of view.
INTRODUCTION
There will be no miracles here | Nathan Coley - Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, 2007

4. self actualization
esteem
belonging
safety
physiological
MASLOW’S PYRAMID
The hierarchy of needs model sug-
gests that certain kinds of need are
more basic than other kinds and that
until these are reasonably satisfied
other considerations have little effect
on overall satisfaction.
Maslow, 1954

5. INTRODUCTION
FROM WHAT?
The path strarts from
city & surveilled space
to analyze the relationship between
city, inhabitants and authority.
How does the fair development of daily
activities is protected and guaranteed
within the complex urban system?
Architettura e Sorveglianza | Marco Biagi - Triennale di Milano - “Senza Pericolo!”, 2012
Foucault, Surveiller et punir: Naissance de la prison, 1975

6. INTRODUCTION
Recollected Memories| J. Patterson - 2013
1st RESEARCH QUESTION
Surveillance as the first and faster
answer to a raising safety request.
But how to inquiry its ecological as-
pects and their meanings in the urban
context?
M. Surace - Dalla sorveglianza moderna alla New Surveillance - 2013

7. INTRODUCTION
WHAT FEAR IS?
for all
Emotion of pain or uneasiness
caused by the sense of impending
danger. Such feelings are manifest
as a state of constant or intermitted
anxiety.
Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
Psycho | Alfred Hitchcock, 1960

8. INTRODUCTION
Routine | Miraruido, 2013
Perception of a threat to some as-
pect of wellbeing, concurrent with
the feeling of inability to meet the
challenge.
WHAT FEAR IS?
for psychology
A. Van der Wurff and Stringer, 1989

9. A construct, the result of different ele-
ments that vary from subjectivity and
previous experiences to objectivity
and real danger around us.
J. Bannister; N. Fyfe - Fear and the City, 2001
WHAT FEAR IS?
for sociology
INTRODUCTION

10. INTRODUCTION
WHAT FEAR IS?
for this research
Through the visual elements, peo-
ple effectively read the environment
as a barometer of risk and protec-
tive factors. Fear is embedded in the
physical and social characteristics of
place and the familiarity of that space
to the individual.
J. Bannister; N. Fyfe - Fear and the City, 2001
Geografia cerebrale | A. Monne, 2012

11. Crime and fear of crime may have
substantial impacts on wellbeing,
but the pathways are often highly
indirect, mediated by environmen-
tal factors, difficult to disentangle
and not always in the expected direc-
tion.
T. Lorenc - Crime, fear of crime, environment, mental
health & wellbeing - 2012
INTRODUCTION
THE COMPLEX
FRAMEWORK
Framework adapted from T. Lorenc research

12. Four main aspects of the framework
are the new indicators of the “daily
quality of life”.
Then, Emotional responses, Interper-
sonal Relationships Neighborhood
and Community factors allow this re-
search to inquiry the soft and the hard
aspects that influence the notion of
environment.
INTRODUCTION
THE COMPLEX
FRAMEWORK

13. REASON
SAFE VS. REASSURING
The “fear of...” is not strictly related
to the direct experience of crime but
rather in how people experience and
interpret theurban space.
The reassuring concept is wider than
the safe one: it opens the research to
a multidisciplinary approach and to a
more flexible strategy.
Berlin Map | Lisa Hankow, 2012

14. SAFE. Design Takes on Risk
“Pressure is around every corner, and
human resilience is necessary for
survival can be surprising.
Such resilience reminds us how pow-
erful can be. How safe we are de-
pends on our perception of what is
at hand and protect us.”
P. Antonelli
SAFE: Design Takes on Risk” / MoMa Exhibition catalogue (2005)
safeDesign Takes on Risk
October, 16 2005 / January, 2 2006
MoMA, NY
REASON
http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2005/safe/safe.html

15. REASON
“Pressure is around every corner, and
human resilience is necessary fo
survival can be surprising.
Such resilience reminds us how pow-
erful can be. How safe we are de-
pends on our perception of what is
at hand and protect us.”
A NEW PARADIGM
http://living.corriere.it/lifestyle/design/2011/antonelli-moma-30341729243.shtml

16. PATTERN
HOSTILE
HOSPITABLE
UNPLEASANT
PLEASANT
VS. The same paradigm is crucial for two
European schools of research:
> UNPLEASANT DESIGN
by S. Savić and G. Savičić
EPFL, Swiss
> DESIGN FOR HOSPITABLE CITY
by L. Crespi
Polimi, Italy
A NEW PATTERN

17. UNPLEASANT
An accumulation of urban phenom-
ena in which social control and its in-
herent design play a significant role in
the way we perceive and engage in
public space and social interactions.
Savić, Savičić, Unpleasant Design - p 4, 2013
PATTERN
Fakir’s rest | inquiry by Gilles Paté. 2009

18. PLEASANT
Rothstein, Unpleasant Design - p 14, 2013
A plateau, it is a state we would hope
to achieve for a long, stable, self rein-
forced period. It describes the systemic
shape of our lives, and the mean which
things persist.
PATTERN
Lent Space | Interboro - New York, 2009

19. HOSTILE
Definition from the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
An enemy,something which is in oppo-
sition, as an environment that doesn’t
foster health or wellbeing because of
its inhospitable features.
PATTERN
Dogville | Lars von Trier, 2003

20. HOSPITABLE
A pleasant environment, favorable for
living in.
Definition from the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
PATTERN
Pleasantville | Gary Ross, 1998

21. HOSPITABLE CITY
The capability of a city to be open, ac-
cessible and sustainable and to be able
to manage people mobility, to regener-
ate public spaces, to offer an intelligent
variety of services.
Fassi, Giunta, Hospitable City, Cumulus 38°s 2009
PATTERN
WHATAMI | stARTT studio, Maxxi Museum, YAP Prize, 2011

22. QUESTION OF QUALITIES
“That’s why cities are
ugly or beautiful,
depending on the beauty or ugliness
of the streets in which they are made
of. and in relation to the energy of hu-
man activities they contain.”
G. De Carlo, Nelle città del mondo, p 25, 1995
PATTERN
21 Balançoirs | Daily tous le jours - Montreal, 2012

23. BEAUTY
A synonim of a kind of quality able to
activate a social spatial attention on
urban shapes.
L. Crespi, Hospitable Cities, 2014
PATTERN
Superkilen | Topotek1 + BIG Architects, 2011

24. PROJECTS
PRACTICES
&
HOW IT WORKS?
> 2 years long desk phase
> Practices
>> Process, funding, stakeholders
>> Reassuring process
> Projects
>> Needs, shape, scale, materials
>> Reassuring languages
INQUIRIES

25. BEST PRACTICES
INQUIRIES
> 15 practices
> Top down / bottom up comparison
> European context
> Sustainable
> Reliable
> Transferable

26. INQUIRIES

27. INQUIRIES

28. WE DU - Decoro Urbano
> “Comuni Attivi” network
> Online platform
> App for smartphone
> Website available for Municipalities
> Collaborative mapping
> Open dialogue
> Direct reply
Italy - 2014
developed by Maioralab
with Italian Dept. of Public Administration
supported by Wikitaly & AGCOM
www.decorourbano.org
INQUIRIES

29. LE JARDIN DE TA SOEUR
> 3 years-long process
> Informal self - organization
> Community garden
> Process lead by design
> Cultural activities
> From temporary to permanent
> Self organized reappropriation
Bordeaux (FR) - 2003/06
developed by Bruit de Frigo
with Centre Social Bordeaux Nord
supervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.jardindetasoeur.org
INQUIRIES

30. GRATOSOGLIO TVB
> Law 285/1997
> NEET
> Suburbs
> Council Neighborhood
> Integrated project
> Educational path
> Research - action
Milan (IT), 2014
within “Adolescent & Safety” program
developed by Lo Scrigno association
with Amapola and Farsi Prossimo
supported by Municipality of Milan and 5th District
INQUIRIES
Gratosoglio, December 2014 | photo by D. Petrillo

31. GRATOSOGLIO TVB
> 1 year long process
>> Surveys
>> Mapping
>> Identity
>> Events
>> Networking
> Next funding for 2015: approved!
INQUIRIES

32. DESIGN EXPERIENCES
> 25 projects
> Quartile system
> European context
> Lead by safety needs
> Lifetime index
> Scale factor index
> 4 categories

33. INQUIRIES

34. INQUIRIES
use / one to one
observation / one to many
narration / many to many
interactions / many to one

35. INQUIRIES

36. INQUIRIES

37. INQUIRIES

38. INQUIRIES
system product
collective
interactive
individual
1
3
4
5
VERTICAL
SURFACES PRODUCT
SCATTERED
INTERVENTION
INFORMATIONS
2 HORIZONTAL
SURFACES
independent
permanent
temporary

39. 1 - CITÉ CRÉATION
> Façade
> Walls are the skin of the inhabitants
> Partecipatory process
> Site specific
> Process lead by design
> Cultural action
> Domestic landscape
France - since 1978
developed by CitéCréation
image by Paint Wall Circuit
supervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.cite-creation.com
INQUIRIES

40. INQUIRIES
1 - CITÉ CRÉATION
> Façade
> Walls are the skin of the inhabitants
> Partecipatory process
> Site specific
> Process lead by design
> Cultural action
> Domestic landscape
France - since 1978
developed by CitéCréation
image by Paint Wall Circuit
supervision by C. Petrau Architect & A. Meurice
www.cite-creation.com

41. 2 - MI PISTA CAMPAIGN
> Horizontal surfaces
> Empty spaces
> Online Platfrom
> Marketing campaign
> Tradition
> Nighttime
> Pop - up / laser beam
Madrid (ES) - 2012
developed by Doubleyou
for Nike Football Spain
www.doubleyou.com
INQUIRIES

42. INQUIRIES
2 - MI PISTA CAMPAIGN
> Horizontal surfaces
> Empty spaces
> Online Platfrom
> Marketing campaign
> Tradition
> Nighttime
> Pop - up / laser beam
Madrid (ES) - 2012
developed by Doubleyou
for Nike Football Spain
www.doubleyou.com

43. 3 - SOCIAL FENCES
> Separating device
> Product
> Fence as playground
> Behavioural shift
> From “negative” to “positive”
> Modular system
> Mixed languages
New York (US) - 2007
project by Tejo Remy
within Reclaiming Design
producted by gelmo.nl
www.remyveenhuizen.nl
INQUIRIES

44. 4 - GREEN GRAFFITI
> Element of decay
> Isolated intervention
> Different techniques
> Brand advertising
> Sustainable
> Legal and temporary
> Organized reappropriation
Amsterdam (NL) - 2007
idea by MOOSE
developed by GREEN GRAFFITI
international network
www.greengraffiti.com
INQUIRIES

45. INQUIRIES
4 - GREEN GRAFFITI
> Element of decay
> Isolated intervention
> Different techniques
> Brand advertising
> Sustainable
> Legal and temporary
> Organized reappropriation
Amsterdam (NL) - 2007
idea by MOOSE
developed by GREEN GRAFFITI
international network
www.greengraffiti.com

46. 5 - WALK YOUR CITY
> Spreading information
> Guerrilla wayfinding
> Kickstarter project (urban issues)
> Collaborative platform
> Enhancing local culture
> Walkable and safe
> Worldwide
Raleigh (NC) | USA - 2012
developed by CityFabric
first funding on Kickstarter.com
www.walkyourcity.org
INQUIRIES

47. INQUIRIES
5 - WALK YOUR CITY
> Spreading information
> Guerrilla wayfinding
> Kickstarter project (urban issues)
> Collaborative platform
> Enhancing local culture
> Walkable and safe
> Worldwide
Raleigh (NC) | USA - 2012
developed by CityFabric
first funding on Kickstarter.com
www.walkyourcity.org

48. CONCLUSION
Image developed with the partecipants | “Adolescent & Safety” activities @ Gratosoglio TVB

49. CONCLUSION
Gratosoglio
San Siro
"The existing public housing heritage" - Map with
GIS Elaboration based on data by Comune di Milano
(2013) - p. 19 on "Vuoti a rendere" by F. Cognetti
NEXT STEPS
Todeveloptwopilotexperiencesin col-
laboration with the Municipality of Mi-
lan (Dept. of House and Dept. of Safety
and Social Cohesion) in two different
council neighborhoods in order to test
a set of strategies through partecipa-
tory activities.

50. Murders
2004 | 10
Burglary
2007 | 10
Robbery
2007 | 10
CONCLUSION

51. SAN SIRO
Via Micene, 2 - January 2013
ph. by Daniela Petrillo for Mapping San Siro
GRATOSOGLIO
Via Baroni - November 2014
ph. by Daniela Petrillo
CONCLUSION

52. CONCLUSION
Jump | J. H. Lartigue, 1960
WHAT’S NEW?
Afterward the discourse leads to
explore the existing design resources
to define new methods and strategies
to face the raising safety request.

53. WHAT’S NEW?
Both of them are inherent to the wid-
er notion of beauty as an essential
quality of a good environment.
Beauty is fundamental to people’s
lives, independantly from their cultur-
al or geographic background.
The perception of beauty, or the lack
of it, is part of people’s everyday lives.
CONCLUSION
I, Bauman, Beauty, localism and deprivation - CABE, 2010

54. CONCLUSION
The lack of beauty is one of the most
immediate ways of recognizing dissat-
isfactions and conflicts.
Experience is the most popular meth-
od of accessing beauty: the ability to
have an environment in which people
can receive the best of what that it has
to give.
CONCLUSION

55. THANK YOU!
daniela.petrillo@polimi.it
DESIGN for
URBAN
REASSURING
SCENARIO
Uninhabit Fears