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kalibraties
herleidbaar naar de
Westertoren
C.G.M. Adolfse
C.G.M. Adolfse
onderwerpen
● introduktie
● theorie
– het SI stelsel
– de Pascal
– herleidbaarheid
● fundamentele standaarden
– vloeistofkolom
– drukbalans
C.G.M. Adolfse
introduktie Minerva
● opgericht in 1941 als handelsbureau ter
ondersteuning autoverkoop
C.G.M. Adolfse
introduktie Minerva
● sinds +/- 1962 aktiviteiten in druk
C.G.M. Adolfse
introduktie Minerva
● auteur sinds 1987 werkzaam bij Minerva
● RvA erkenning sinds 1988 (K048)
C.G.M. Adolfse
theorie, het SI stelsel
Het SI (afkorting van Système International) is het
in 1960 ingevoerde internationale systeem van
eenheden en bevat 7 basisgrootheden :
Grootheid SI-basiseenheid
Naam Symbool
lengte meter m
massa kilogram kg
tijd seconde s
elektrische stroom ampère A
absolute temperatuur kelvin K
hoeveelheid stof mol mol
lichtsterkte candela cd
C.G.M. Adolfse
theorie, het SI stelsel
De grootheid druk is een afgeleide grootheid, dat
wil zeggen dat druk herleid kan worden naar 3 van
de 7 basisgrootheden :
●massa
●lengte
●tijd
C.G.M. Adolfse
theorie, druk
wat is druk?
F
p =----
A
waarin : p : druk [Pa]
F : kracht [N]
A : oppervlak [m2
]
C.G.M. Adolfse
theorie, druk
F
p =---- 1 N
A
1 Pascal = 1 N.m-2
= 1 (kg.m.s-2
).m-2
= 1 kg.s-2
.m-1
1 m
1
m
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
Wat is een fundamentele standaard?
“een meetmiddel dat een afgeleide grootheid
middels direkte fysische eigenschappen
herleid naar basis SI grootheden zonder
gebruik te maken van de afgeleide
grootheid”
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
de vloeistofkolom
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de vloeistofkolom
p = . g . h
waar :
p : druk [Pa]
 : soortelijk gewicht [kg/m3]
g : lokale zwaarteveldsterkte [N/kg]
h : hoogte vloeistofkolom [m]
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de vloeistofkolom
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de Westertoren
– “hoogste” standaard in NL opgericht in de
jaren '30 van de vorige eeuw door dr. A.
Michels
– officiëel de top van de Nederlandse
kalibratieketen tot +/- 1980
http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn5/michels
http://staff.science.uva.nl/~kox/jaarboek.html
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de Westertoren
– 30 mtr kwik / +/- 40 bar
– middels vergelijkende metingen met
drukbalans drukken tot 4000 bar
mogelijk
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de Westertoren
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de Westertoren
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● beperkingen vloeistofkolom
– meetbereik
– soortelijk gewicht meetvloeistof
● temperatuur
● samendrukbaarheid
– hoogtemeting
– mobiliteit
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans
De drukbalans is nog niet zo heel erg lang
een erkende fundamentele standaard.
● 1913 : 0,25% @ 100 atmosfeer (Kohnstamm)
● 1970 : 0,01% @ 100 MPa
● 2007 : 0,001% @ 100 MPa
meetbereik
0,1 Pa .. 500 MPa (2,5 GPa)
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans F
F
p =----
A
1 Pascal = 1 N.m-2
= 1 (kg.m.s-2
).m-2
= 1 kg.s-2
.m-1
A
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans uitdagingen
– geometrie
?
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans uitdagingen
afhankelijkheid :
– druk
– temperatuur
– omgevingscondities
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans uitdagingen
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans herleidbaarheid
standaard kilogram
standaard meter
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans herleidbaarheid
– massa
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans herleidbaarheid
– oppervlak
“crossfloat”
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de drukbalans herleidbaarheid
– oppervlak
350 kPa .. 500 MPa
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
● de voedselketen
C.G.M. Adolfse
fundamentele standaarden
einde presentatie

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