Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Majestic ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Recent advances in Screening Test
1. Recent Advances inRecent Advances in
Screening TestsScreening Tests
Abraham MallelaAbraham Mallela
Roll No : 92Roll No : 92
Guided by Sipra MadamGuided by Sipra Madam
4. PAP Smear ACIASPAP Smear ACIAS
ACIASACIAS : Automated: Automated
Computer Image AnalysisComputer Image Analysis
SystemSystem
Initial Stages of developmentInitial Stages of development
X National ScreeningX National Screening
High Volume Reference LabsHigh Volume Reference Labs
Improve sensitivity andImprove sensitivity and
unsatisfactory specimenunsatisfactory specimen
6. Full Field DigitalFull Field Digital
MammographyMammography
Mammography - MammaryMammography - Mammary
gland cancergland cancer
Previously - Screen FilmPreviously - Screen Film
CassettesCassettes
Currently - Digital ImagingCurrently - Digital Imaging
Also Know as : Full Field DigitalAlso Know as : Full Field Digital
MammographyMammography
FFDMFFDM
15. 3D Sonography3D Sonography
Foetal Abnormalities ScreeningFoetal Abnormalities Screening
tests : Sonography, Alpha Fetotests : Sonography, Alpha Feto
ProteinProtein
Traditionally : 2D imageTraditionally : 2D image
sonographysonography
Recent Advances : Real timeRecent Advances : Real time 3D3D
SonographySonography
Multiple Sonographs at differentMultiple Sonographs at different
angelsangels
View abnormalities in a beatingView abnormalities in a beating
heart in realtimeheart in realtime
17. DiabetesDiabetes
Most common non-Most common non-
communicable diseasecommunicable disease
Prevention: Early detection &Prevention: Early detection &
change in life stylechange in life style
Current screening methods:Current screening methods:
Questionnaire, urine examinationQuestionnaire, urine examination
, fasting blood sugar, plasma, fasting blood sugar, plasma
glycogen, HbA1cglycogen, HbA1c
18. Drawing of BloodDrawing of Blood
Gold Standard for Diagnosis : Oral GlucoseGold Standard for Diagnosis : Oral Glucose
Tolerance testTolerance test
Cannot be used as Screening testCannot be used as Screening test
Multiple blood samples & Time TakingMultiple blood samples & Time Taking
19. Diab - SpotDiab - Spot
Developed by DiagnOptics LabsDeveloped by DiagnOptics Labs
AGE’sAGE’s : Advanced Glycation: Advanced Glycation
EndProductsEndProducts
Important role in development ofImportant role in development of
DiabetesDiabetes
Non Invasive method usingNon Invasive method using
Fluorescent techniqueFluorescent technique
MeasuresMeasures AGE’sAGE’s in tissuesin tissues
Combined with age,sex,weightCombined with age,sex,weight
- immediate results- immediate results
21. Screening with SalivaScreening with Saliva
Analysis of saliva forAnalysis of saliva for
various enzymesvarious enzymes
Can be used forCan be used for
many applicationsmany applications
Adrenal Conditions :Adrenal Conditions :
Addisons DiseaseAddisons Disease
27. Urine StripUrine Strip
Detecting Diabties & Kidney DiseaseDetecting Diabties & Kidney Disease
Latest Advancements : Automated Urine StripLatest Advancements : Automated Urine Strip
AnalyserAnalyser
Calcium, blood glucose, bilirubin , urobilirubinq,Calcium, blood glucose, bilirubin , urobilirubinq,
ketones , leucocytes creatine, microalbumin, pHketones , leucocytes creatine, microalbumin, pH
, ascorbic acid and protein all with a single, ascorbic acid and protein all with a single
sample of urine.sample of urine.
29. 30 - degree30 - degree
StereoscopicStereoscopic
PhotographyPhotographyScreening test forScreening test for
Diabetic RetinopathyDiabetic Retinopathy
Traditional methods:Traditional methods:
Direct & IndirectDirect & Indirect
OphthalmoscopyOphthalmoscopy
IndirectIndirect
Ophthalmoscopy -Ophthalmoscopy -
needs access to healthneeds access to health
carecare
30. Where health care notWhere health care not
developed : Film ordeveloped : Film or
digital photographydigital photography
Recent GoldRecent Gold
Standard : 30 -Standard : 30 -
degree stereoscopicdegree stereoscopic
photography of thephotography of the
seven standard fieldsseven standard fields
Expensive & HighlyExpensive & Highly
trained professionalstrained professionals
requiredrequired
32. SyphilisSyphilis
Traditionally VDRL slide testTraditionally VDRL slide test
Test is difficult to performTest is difficult to perform
Alternative : Rapid PlasmaAlternative : Rapid Plasma
Reagin Test (Reagin Test ( RPRRPR ))
Effective Screening TestEffective Screening Test
Non - Specific AntibodiesNon - Specific Antibodies
against T. pallidiumagainst T. pallidium
Good afternoon everyone. My name is Abraham and i am going to talk about The recent advances in screening tests. I was guided by Sipra Madam.
Due to recent advances in technology there has been quite a few developments in the field of medicine. Screening test also have their share in this. Newer methods have been developed to give faster results with an accurate analysis without causing much pain. Although many advances are there , looking at all of them is beyond the scope of this seminar so we will look briefly at a few.
The traditional screening test for Cervical carcinoma is PAP Smear. But it takes time to perform. So a newer technology has been developed.
Here ACIAS stands for Automated computer Image Analysis System. It is still in the initial stages of development and has reliability issues. So it cannot be used for national screening . but it finds its application in High volume reference labs where time is precious due to large number of specimen. It is Known to Improve sensitivity and reduce unsatisfactory specimen. Unsatisfactory specimen means when a specimen is taken , a human examiner may find that the specimen is not usable but since a computer system is more sensitive the same specimen can be used.
Breast Cancer. It is screened using Mammography.
It involves taking an X- Ray of the Breast. Previously Screen film cassettes were used but now in the digital age we are currently using Digital imaging. This is also called as Full Field Digital Mammography.
Colorectal Carcinoma. The screening test for this is Colonoscopy
Normally it is done using an Anal Probe. But using a probe has its disadvantages such as Pain and Shyness of the subject. This leads to many people rejecting this procedure. So a recent advancement in this field is Virtual Colonoscopy. It utilizes MRI & CT Scans to produces 2D and 3D Images which are combined to a virtual view of the subjects colon.
This procedure is non-invasive and pain free leading to better patient compliance . But it has its drawbacks. Many doctor doubt its diagnostic value . Its a bit expensive and it lacks the therapeutic actions such as removal of polyps.
Tuberculosis. This image shows the screening test for tuberculosis being done. This test is Mantox Test.
Mantox test is the Gold standard for Screening for tuberculosis. But its leads to the formation of a Dermal Aberation. Many replacements for this have been developed. Out those one of them is Quantiferon TB - Gold. It is a blood test . It measure the Immune systems reactivity to the Tuberculosis bacilli.
Chronic Depression. It is one of the few disorder for which people have no idea that a screening test exists.
It is screened by Beck Depression Inventory. Its a questionare with 21 questions and multiple choice answers. It measure the severity of depression. 3 version of this test exists. BDI - 1 , BDI-1A, BDI - 2
Foetal Abnormalities or Congenital Disorders. These are seen in 3% of all newborns and comprise one of the most highly researched diseases in man.
They are screened using Sonography , Alpha Feto Protein and other methods such as TIFFA. Sonography used be done in 2D imaging . But in recent years advancements have lead to real time 3D Sonography. This is achieved by taking multiple sonographs at different angles and combining the image. With this we can view the abnormalities in a beating heart in realtime.
Diabetes.
Its the most common non communicable disease seen in adults . But it can be prevented by Early detections and simple change in life style. There are many screening tests for this such as Questionare, urine examination, fasting blood sugar, plasma glycogen, HBA1c
But the fasting blood sugar and plasma glycogen require drawing of blood. The gold standard for diagnosis, is Oral glucose tolerance test. But this test cannot be used as a screening test because it requires multiple blood samples and its a time taking process.
Diab- Spot is a screening test developed by DiagOptics Labs. It involves the measurement of AGE’s aka Advanced Glycogen EndPrducts. These play an important role in the Development of Diabetes. Measurement is done using a non invasive method using flourscent technique. The level of AGE’s along with simple characters of the subject such as Age, Sex Weight can give immediate results .
Saliva is one of the body fluids with can be obtained easily and quickly with out any invasive or painful procedure. Hence it can be used for screening.
It can be analysed for the level of various enzymes. These are know as biomarkers. Its has many applications such as in Adrenal disease : Addisons disease.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome aka PCOD, Anovulations, menopuase
Andropause
Many metabolic disorders such as Insulin resistance , Diabetes can also be detected .
Benign & Metastatic Neoplasm such as Breast cancer,Oral Cancers, Pancreatic Cancer can also be detected.
Coronary Heart disease aka Iscemic Heart Disease. Its a disease where there is reduced blood supply to the muscles of the heart. Its the most common cause of death globally with 9.21 Million deaths in 2014
Currently the screening methods are EKG and Exercise Cardic Streess test. But these test are at times unreliable because they be false positive during mitral valve stenosis and may be false negative if there is inadequate increase in heart rate. It is further confirmed by Angiography .
Radionucleoside Stress test is an invasive screening test in which a Radioactive Isotope dye is injected and a Gamma Camera is used to take a picture of the heart. The heart with good blood flow show radioactivity but those with low blood flow are seen as Nuclear cold spots
Electron Beam Computerised Tomography. Also know as Calcium Scoring . It measure the calcium depostis in the coronary arteries. The CT Scanner is used for this procedure.
Urine Strip Test can be used to detect Diabetes and Kidney Disease.
The latest technology includes Automated Urine strip Anlyser which can measure …
Diabetic Retinopathy. Its one of the most common complications of diabetes which if left untreated can lead to total loss of vision.
Current screening test for diabetic retinopathy is Direct and inDirect Ophthalmoscopy. But indirect ophthalmoscopy requires access to sophisticated health care which is not possible at a rural level.
In these kind of situations where the healthcare is not fully developed Film or digital photography is used. The recent Advancement is 30 -degree steoscopic photography of the seven fields. But it requires Expensive equipment and highly trained professionals.
Syphilis is a common STD that is 2nd to HIV in occurrence.
It is traditionally screened using VDRL slide test. But this test is difficult to perform. So an alternative to the test which yields fast results is Rapid Plasma Reagin test or PRP. It is effective as a screening test because it satisfies all the criteria of screening . It detects the non specific Antibodies against T. Pallidum.
These few slides which I have shown you list only a very small portion of the many screening tests which have been improved using modern technology. As a doctor practicing in the modern age it is part of our profession to keep ourselves updated with the newest developments in our field.
