a test presentation

1. History Of El
Niño
It is assumed that El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation have
always existed, however it is only since our technology and
understanding has increased that we have become aware of the
phenomena. Climatologists’ increasing ability to forecast this cycle
of events is crucial to enhancing our accuracy of future weather
and climate forecasting.

2. Sequence
• Pacific Ocean
• Normal Conditions
• El Niño Conditions
• Areas with pronounced Effects
• Effects of El Niño on world weather

3. N
Asia
Northern North
America
Pacific Ocean
Equator
Central Eastern
Western Pacific Basin Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
South
Australia America
Southern
Pacific Ocean
Antarctica
S

4. Normal Conditions
•Cool water upwelling off the west coast of
S. America makes the thermocline
shallow and pressure high
•Strong trade winds push warm
waters westwards - piling up near
New Guinea and Australia (thermocline
Deepens).
•Sea level increases (40cm) and increase
In temp (6 -70C)
•Strong east-west surface pressure gradient
across the tropical Pacific.
•Walker circulation.
•Heavy rains are concentrated in
the western Pacific Ocean.

5. Typical Walker circulation pattern
Air circulation
in a vertical
plane at the
equator
L
Darwin Strong Easterly Trades South
Australia Tahiti America
Typical summer
Warmer Sea Colder Sea H Positions of high Surface winds
Pressure systems

6. Typical Walker circulation pattern
Air circulation
in a vertical
plane at the
equator
L
Darwin Strong Easterly Trades South
Australia Tahiti America
Typical summer
Warmer Sea Colder Sea H Positions of high Surface winds
Pressure systems