Training report on soybean processing and food product development.
1. ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
A Training Report on
Soybean Processing
and Food Product
Development
Round I and II
Agriculture and Nutrition
Research Laboratories
Directorate
A P R I L 2 6 - 3 0 , 2 0 1 5 A N D M A Y 2 5 - 2 9 , 2 0 1 5
2. 1
Table of contents
Cover page ..............................................................................................................................................................................i
Table of contents ................................................................................................................................................ii
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Trainers ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Facilitators........................................................................................................................................................... 3
4. Trainees selection................................................................................................................................................ 3
5. Soybean Processing and soybean based food product development................................................................... 3
5.1 Soy milk preparation Procedure.................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Soy cheese preparation Procedure................................................................................................................. 6
5.3 Other soybean based products prepared with okara and soy-flour................................................................ 6
6. Sensory evaluation of prepared dishes................................................................................................................ 8
7. Visit to Melkasa Research Center....................................................................................................................... 9
8. Training Evaluation............................................................................................................................................. 9
9. Appendices........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Appendics 1. Schedule of the training .............................................................................................................. 10
Appendics 2. List of trainees in both rounds..................................................................................................... 11
Appendics 3. Training manual .......................................................................................................................... 12
3. 2
1. Introduction
Due to its wider range of geographical adaptation, unique chemical composition, good nutritional
value, functional health benefits and Industrial applications soybean is an important world commodity.
The dominant position of soybeans and their products is primarily associated with their high nutritional
quality especially with respect to protein and amino acids. Soybean products can largely replace milk
and other sources of animal protein, which are expensive and not readily available, as suitable
substitutes for high quality protein. Soybean first introduced to Ethiopia in 1950s and five varieties
(Clarck-63K, Cocker-240, Davis, Williams and Crawford) were in use.
The unavailability of nutritious food and the high cost of animal protein are the main causes of protein-
energy malnutrition in Ethiopia. Most of the dietary food in the country is supplied by cereals that are
relatively poor sources of protein. Moreover, the high cost of fortified nutritious proprietary
complementary foods is always beyond the reach of most Ethiopian families; hence many depend on
inadequately processed traditional foods consisting mainly of low quality cereal such as maize,
sorghum and millet. So far Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) released about 21
promising soybean varieties at national level mainly with their yield and disease and pest resistance
merits where little attention was given to nutritional quality.
Soybean is an important world commodity, due to its wider range of geographical adaptation, unique
chemical composition, good nutritional value, functional health benefits and industrial applications.
The dominant position of soybeans and their products is primarily associated with their high nutritional
quality especially with respect to protein and amino acids. Soybean products can largely replace milk
and other sources of animal protein, which are expensive and not readily available, as suitable
substitutes for high quality protein. Therefore, popularizing soybean processing methods and
developing nutrient-dense, safe, affordable and accessible soybean products is viable and sustainable
approach to address the problem of malnutrition. With this context training was given to female staff
of EIAR in two rounds; round I (April 26-30, 2015) and round II (May 25-30, 2015). The report
contains major events and steps undertaken with trainees feedback.
Objectives of the training
To capacitate female staff of EIAR in soybean processing and soybean-based product
development
To enhance utilization of soybean
To promote appropriate dietary pattern and healthy life styles
4. 3
2. Trainers
No Name Profession/Position Research Center
1 Yohanes Nigusu Food Science Researcher Melkasa Research Center
2 Roman Getachew Food processing expert Jima Research Center
3 Aselefech Maru Food science lab assistant Melkasa Research Center
3. Facilitators
No Name Profession Role
1 Geremush Bogale Secretary Booking conference room,
Registration of participants,
Facilitating refreshments
Facilitating all payment issues in
collaboration with training directorate
2 Girmay Tsegaye Researcher
3 Hailu Reta Researcher
3 Anchinesh Mamo Lab attendant Training input supply (utensils, raw
materials in food preparation)
Assisting trainees technically during
soybean processing and product
development
4 Zemed Zewdu Lab attendant
Hana Tamirat Lab attendant
5 Legesse Shiferaw Researcher
Samuel Mesfin Researcher
6 Gelila Asaminew Researcher Selection of trainees in collaboration with training
directorate
7 Bilatu Agza Researcher Overall training coordinator
4. Trainees selection
All the trainees in round I and II were female staff of EIAR head quarter. Training directorate
distributed quotas for each department. As almost all staffs were interested to participate in the
training, the respective departments randomly selected and provided list of trainees to training
department. A total of 29 trainees in round I and 42 trainees in round II were participated (appendix 2).
5. Soybean Processing and soybean based food product development
Good quality soybean grain of variety 'Belessa 95' is collected from Pawe Agricultural Research
Center. After processing the grain into milk, cheese and okara, soybean based products are prepared by
blending with common food ingredients such as teff flour, wheat flour and vegetables in different
ratios. A total of 22 recipes are prepared.
5. 4
5.1 Soy milk preparation Procedure
Whole soybean
• Healthy and unbroken seed
Sorted and
cleaned with
potable water
• To remove any spoilt beans or
impurities
Boiled in water
for 10 minutes
• To reduce beany-taste
• To destruct antinutritional factors
• To reduce strength of the bean
Hot water
discarded
• To make ready for soaking at room
temperature
Soaked in water
at ambient
temperature for
12 hours
• To reduce beany-taste
• To destruct antinutritional factors
• To reduce strength of the bean
• Bean to water ratio of about 1:3
Washed and
hulls removed
• A by product in soybean processing
and can be used as animal feed
6. 5
Rinsed with water
and blended using
juice machine
• Water to bean ratio of about 1:9
• This water is added during and
after blending
Cooked at 100 oC
for 20 min
• Time before boiling is not
considered
Filtered using
cheese cloth
• To separate the milk from the
residue, usually called okara
The filtrate boiled
for 10 min
• For better taste and microbial
safety
7. 6
5.2 Soy cheese preparation Procedure
Coagulant is added to boiled milk and kept until the curd occur on the upper layer. Vinegar/acheto is used to
coagulate the cheese, with coagulant to milk ratio of 1:20 (5% of milk volume).
5.3 Other soybean based products prepared with okara and soy-flour
Soybean with wheat
flour (15:85) Cake
9
Okara with cabbageSoybean cheese
with cabbage
Soybean with wheat flour
(15:85) cookiesSoybean Cheese Okara based Biscuit
8. 7
Spiced Soybean cheese
Soybean with wheat
(15:85) 'Chechebsa'
Soybean with wheat flour
(15:85) breadSoybean with wheat flour
(15:85) 'Anebabero'
Soybean with teff (20:80)
Soybean 'Minchet'
Okara with egg
Firfir (Okara with shiro) Okara with beet root
Okara with Carrot
Okara with tomato
Soybean 'Minchet'
9. 8
6. Sensory evaluation of prepared dishes
At the final date of the training, head office staff of
EIAR were invited as a guest for sensory evaluations
where all prepared 22 soybean and soybean based
recipes/dishes were presented on buffet. Following a
brief introduction of the training objective by the
coordinators, trainees explained each recipes' ingredient,
proportion and processing method. Then, guests tasted
all the food types and requested to rate on a 5-point
scale, ranging from (1) dislike extremely to (5) like
extremely on over all acceptance of the specific product.
According to the analysis result, the average over all
acceptance of the products were 94.5% (ranging from 91
to 96%) or 4.7 out of 5, thereby indicating that all the
products had a high acceptance among the consumers
who evaluated the product. They requested another
round of training of the same type as soon as possible
which include the male staff believing that it plays a
significant role in our commercialization progress of the
crop. They also suggested to consider other crops and
foods like mushroom, potato and cassava in such
trainings.
10. 9
7. Visit to Melkasa Research Center
At the forth date of the training all participants traveled to Melkasa Agricultural Research Center to visit
research laboratories and research activities. Researchers explained ongoing experiments, and trainees visited
all laboratories in the directorate (food science laboratory, soil laboratory, food processing and preparation
kitchen). After completion of the visit, preparation of mango squash is demonstrated and trainees prepared
mango jam practically. To do this, mango fruit peeled and diced and cooked with sugar until soft. The mango
mashed with a large fork and canned using glass tube which was disinfected by cooking. It is told that shelf life
of mango jam prepared in this manner can be kept for a year in refrigerator.
8. Training Evaluation
Finally, trainees were invited to evaluate their stay with an open discussion and by distributing Amharic version of
training evaluation form to 28 randomly selected trainees in both round. According to the analysis result all trainees
agreed that the training had a clear objective, timely and the trainers had enough knowledge. However, they all claimed
that material supplied and time given to the training was not enough.
No
Evaluation question
Score Total
respon
dent
No Yes
1 2 3 4 5 Total
1 የስልጠናው አላማ ግልጽና አስፈላጊ ነው (The training objective is clear and important) 28 100% 28
2 ስልጠናው ወቅቱን የጠበቀ ነው (The training is timely) 28 100% 28
3 ሇስልጠናው የተሰጠ ሰዓት በቂ ነው (Time given to the training is enough) 1 1 13 10 3 69% 28
4 አሰልጣኞት ጥሩ እውቀት አላቸው እውቀታቸውም ሇማካፈል ፈቃዯኛ ናቸው (Trainers have good
knowledge and are open to share) 28 100% 28
5 እኔ ከስልጠናው ጥሩ እውቀት አግኝቻሇሁኝ ሇወዯፊትም ይጠቅመኛል (I learn a lot from the
training and help me in my future carer) 28 100% 28
6 ሇስልጠናው የቀረቡ ግብዓቶች በቂ ነበሩ (Training supplies were enough) 9 12 7 79% 28
7 በአጠቃላይ ስልጠናው ውጤታማ ነበረ (The training was sucessful) 1 27 99% 28
Total score 92%
12. 11
Appendics 2. List of trainees in both rounds
List of trainees - Round I
No Trainee's Name Directorate/office
1 Abreht Gizaw Audit
2 Almaz Bekele Change management
3 Anchinesh Mamo Quality laboratory
4 Beteha Degife Law
5 Bizuayehu Nigusu Purchase and finance
6 Bogalech Abebe Human resource
7 Etagegn Tekilu Information communication
8 Etsegenet Abera Livestock
9 Fantaye Lema Human resuourse
10 Fikrte W/Senbet Purchase and finance
11 Gelila Asaminew Quality laboratory
12 Geremush Bogale ANRLD
13 Getenesh Alemayehu NARS
14 Girmay Tsegaye Quality laboratory
15 Hana Tamirat Quality laboratory
16 Legesse Shiferaw Quality laboratory
17 Lemlem W/Gerima Human resourse
18 Meseret Kebede Information communication
19 Meseret Taddesse Purchase and finance
20 Nuraddis Birhanu Transport service
21 Simret Haile Purchase and finance
22 Tayech Teka Training directorate
23 Tigist Admasu Planning and monitoring
24 Tisme Aga Human resourse
25 Tsehay Gurmu Biometry
26 Ydilber Bekele Purchase and finance
27 Yenenesh Duguma Transport service
28 Yeshiembet Belete NARS
29 Zemed Zewdu Quality laboratory
List of trainees - Round II
No Trainees Name Directorate/Office
1 Abebech Wakjira Change management
2 Almaz Molla Public relations
3 Almaz Tilahun Information communication
4 Anchinesh Mamo Quality laboratory
5 Aynalem Worku Purchase and finance
6 Azeb Assefa Human resourse
7 Bekelech Melaku Purchase and finance
8 Birtukan Demeke Purchase and finance
9 Bizualem H/Michael Purchase and finance
10 Bizuwork Sebisibe Information desk
11 Eniyat Alemu Purchase and finance
12 Etenesh Ysuf Purchase and finance
13 Etetu Tekile Purchase and finance
14 Firehiwot H/Mariam Technology multiplication
15 Genet Alemu Purchase and finance
16 Geremush Bogale ANRLD
17 Gete Ketema Transport service
18 Hailu Reta Quality laboratory
19 Hamelmal Terefe Engineering office
20 Hana Tamirat Quality laboratory
21 Ketsela Belete Purchase and finance
22 Kidist Girma Human resourse
23 Konjit Gerbi Human resourse
24 Konjit Wolde Information communication
25 Lakech Wolde Purchase and finance
26 Meaza Alemu Purchase and finance
27 Mulu Gashaw Information communication
28 Rediet Sisay Law office
29 Roman Mesfin Human resourse
30 Samirawit Alayu Public relations
31 Samuel Mesfin Quality laboratory
32 Seblewongel Abebe Purchase and finance
33 Senayit Mengist Audit
34 Sinkinesh Tilahun Socio-economics
35 Sintayehu Minlargih Purchase and finance
36 Tariknesh Amdebirhan Information communication
37 Tigist Shibiru Purchase and finance
38 Tirualem Bizuneh Information communication
39 Yeshi Tadesse Audit
40 Yeworkwiha Melesse Land and water
41 Yewyinshet Teshome Purchase and finance
42 Zemed Zewdu Quality laboratory