1. SPECIAL SENSES:
The Eye and the Ear
ByB
by
Oluwatosin Owasanoye
Medical Terminology
Presentation 13 J

2. Functions of the Eye and Ear
• The eye and ear are extremely intricate organs which allow us to see
and hear our environment.
• The eye receives and focuses light and converts this energy into
nerve impulses that are sent to the brain.
• The ear functions include hearing, static equilibrium (balance while
standing still),and dynamic equilibrium(balance when moving).
• The nerve impulses originate from the retina.
• Visual receptors in the retina called rods can work in low intensity
light.
• Visual receptors called cones operate in high intensity light and do
receive colors.
• The outer and middle parts of the ear are responsible for sound
gathering and transmission of sound.
• The inner ear has the nerve endings for hearing and equilibrium.

3. Four of The Most
Common Eye
Conditions
•Myopia(nearsightedness)-
People with Myopic vision
usually have eyeballs that are
too large for their lens and
cornea to focus light properly
on the retina.
•Hyperopia(farsightedness
)-Hyperopia vision is caused
by the eyeball being too small
for the lens and cornea to focus
light properly on the retina.
•Presbyopia(aging eyes)-As
people age, they often begin to
have difficulty focusing their
eyes for reading or close work.
•Astigmatism(distorted
vision)-People with
Astigmatism have irregularly
shaped cornea.

4. The Eye :Anatomy
and Physiology.
The study of the eye is
known as
ophthalmology.
Structure of the eye:
Eyeball
Sclera
Choroid
Retina
Eye muscles
Eyelids
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus

5. COMMON CAUSES OF VISION
LOSS
Cataracts
Age-Related muscular Degenration-(AMD)
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopath
Eye Injuries
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Retinopathy of Prematurity-(ROP)
Neurological Visual Impairment-(NVI)
Ocular Albinism
Coloboma

6. The Ear: Anatomy
and Physiology.
The Ears are paired sensory organs
comprising the auditory system,
involved in the detection of sound, and
the vestibular system, invoved with
maintaining body balance
/equilibrium.The ear divides
anatomically and functionally into
three regions:
External Ear
Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Middle Ear
Tympanic membrane(Ear Drum)
Auditory Ossicles
(malleus,incus,stapes)
Middle Ear Cavity
Eustachian Tube
Inner Ear
Oval Window
Round Window
Cochlea
Semicircular Canals

7. Some Commonly
Used Abbrevations
PE-Pressure
Equalizing Tube
BC-Bone Condition
OS-Left Eye
AU-Both Ears
EENT-
Eye,Ear,Nose&Throat
EOM-Extraocular
Movement
XT-Exotropia
VA-Visual Acuity

8. REFERENCE
 www.medlineplus
 www.mayoclinic
 Googlescholar.com
 Medical Terminology: A living language, fourth edition
by F.FREMGEN & S.FRUCHT