Globalization refers to the increasing integration and interdependence of economies, technologies, and cultures around the world. It occurs through advances in transportation and communication technologies that make the movement of goods, capital, services, and people easier across borders. The forces driving globalization include economic factors like international trade and investment as well as social and cultural dimensions like the spread of ideas, information, and business practices globally. While previous eras saw increased connections between societies, globalization today differs in its rapid pace and broad scope, creating new opportunities but also inequalities as some regions, industries, and groups benefit more than others from global flows. Studying globalization from an interdisciplinary perspective means drawing on theories and methods from multiple academic fields