Top 10 programming languages to learn now

12/30/2014 Top 10 programming languages to learn Now
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IN BLOG - VENTURESITY
Top 10 programming
languages to learn Now
Technology evolves in matter of weeks Experts
say that if you’re not coding you might as well be
tagged as illiterate in the future. It is important to
futureproof yourself by getting to know the leading
computer languages out there. Some languages
you can get basic information about off the Internet
are for free. There are massive online learning
courses designed to give you some background on
coding which you can finish off by taking formal
lessons in established brickandmortar schools. If
you’re interested here are 10 programming
languages you should learn now.
1. Java
Java is the language that powers about 3 million
devices ranging from your average household
appliance, your car, your smartphone and even the
robot that goes around in your house sucking off
the dirt from the rug. Java is considered as “write
once, runall” language. It means that it is designed
to run on multiple operating systems.
Pros:
Java is platform independent; it can be run
on everything.
provides involuntary memory
management.
There is a large library of prebuilt classes.

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It’s safe. It’s quite tough to spoil your
computer through programming in Java.
Cons:
It is difficult to compile into a standalone
application.
Memory pointers are not allowed.
Most people don’t like object oriented
programming.
2. Ruby
Ruby is a simple and readable programming
language mainly focused on developing web
based applications. Designed by Yukihiro
Matsumoto in 1995, Ruby powers Ruby on Rails, a
web development framework on which numerous
renowned websites including Github, Scribd and
Groupon have been developed. Ruby is regarded
as combination of some of the most famous
features of Lisp, Pearl and Eiffel.
Pros
Deployment is a snap with Capistrano
Lots of interesting plugins and gems you
can use to save time.
Active, friendly, helpful community.
Lots of good documentation.
Builtin testing framework.
Encourages good programming patterns.
Builtin support for AJAX.
Cons
Requires mounds of unit testing (which
can easily take more time than coding the
app itself).
Large web apps become rather unwieldy.
Rails is better suited to smaller, tighter
code bases. Because it uses a
dynamically typed, interpreted language,
risk of regression bugs in your app
increases exponentially with the size of the
code base. Recent advancements in VMs
(JRuby, Rubinius) and IDEs (Komodo,
IntelliJ, Ruby in Steel), may help alleviate
some of these problems.
Hard to debug, step through code, etc.
Again, new IDE support may help some
with this, but it will be some time before it
is on par with, say,ASP.NET.
Rails development in a Windows
environment is not as well supported as on

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3. PHP
PHP or also known as pre hypertext processor is a
serverside and free scripting language that makes
website quite exciting. It is a code that can be
mixed with hypertext markup language used to
code websites or webpages that you browse over
the Internet. PHP is the engine that makes
Facebook, Digg and even WordPress work.
Frameworks like Yii, CakePHP,PHPDevshell and
Akelos are used for development of largescale
Web applications.
Pros
It has regular expression support and has
an extensive database support
There is an extremely large body of built in
functions, and there is an extension
repository with even more.
It’s a quick and easy server side scripting
language.
Cons
Global configuration parameters can
change language semantics, complicating
deployment and portability.
Plenty of special purpose forms, but
insufficient general purpose forms.
Lacks named parameters, which have to
be simulated with associative arrays or
other techniques.
Objects are CallByValue by default, which
is the opposite of most languages and
catches lots of programmers off guard.
Nested function declarations also don’t do
what you would expect since there are no
local scopes.
4. Python
Python is a highlevel, serverside language that
you will have fun learning. It is a scripting language
that is known to power mobile apps and some
websites. It is an easy language to learn especially
to those that do not have much background in
programming or in computer science. Python’s
allure comes from its compact nature and
readability. Python has a unique combination of
being both a capable generalpurpose
programming language as well as being easy to
use for analytical and quantitative computing.

For over a decade, Python has been used in
scientific computing and highly quantitative
domains such as finance, oil and gas, physics, and
signal processing. Python has been used to build
massively scalable web applications like Youtube,
and has powered much of Google’s internal
infrastructure. Companies like Disney, Sony
Dreamworks, and Lucasfilm ILM rely heavily on
Python to coordinate massive clusters of computer
graphics servers to produce the imagery for
blockbuster movies.
Pros
Python is rooted in an open source
solution. This means that the support for it
through the community is massive.
Much like powerhouses C, C++, and
others, Python has very strong object
oriented features.
Python is one of the most mature
languages available. It allows a
programmer to rapidly develop and
prototype a program. Python has cross
platform portability so a programmer can
code once and deploy to multiple
environments.
Cons
Python isn’t the best for memory intensive
tasks.
Python is interpreted language & is slow
compared to C/C++ or java.
Python not a great choice for a high
graphic 3d game that takes up a lot of
CPU.
Python is evolving continuously, with
constant evolution there is little substantial
documentation available for the language.
5. Javascript
JavaScript is a client side programming language
that runs inside a client browser and process
commands on client computer rather than server
which results in decreased load on server and
increased application’s execution speed.
JavaScript has been designed by Netscape and
there is hardly any website that doesn’t make use
of JavaScript.It is derived from a more complex
computer language called C. It is a script that
makes some websites interactive and enables to
play animations as you surf the web.

Pros
Being clientside, JavaScript is very fast
because any code functions can be run
immediately instead of having to contact
the server and wait for an answer.
JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and
implement.
JavaScript plays nicely with other
languages and can be used in a huge
variety of applications. Unlike PHP or SSI
scripts, JavaScript can be inserted into
any web page regardless of the file
extension.
Being clientside reduces the demand on
the website server.
Cons
The code executes on the users’
computer, in some cases it can be
exploited for malicious purposes.
Using JavaScript limits the accessibility of
a Website since old browsers, some
mobile devices or screen readers do not
recognize JavaScript. Browsers like IE 3.0,
Mosaic 3.0, NS 2.0, Opera 2.1. doesn’t
support Javascript.
Different browsers read JavaScript
programs differently. It is suggested that
the only way of being absolutely sure that
a page will work on different browsers is to
test it as widely as possible.
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6. C
C is one of the most widely used programming
languages. The syntax of Java and C# are derived
from it. Its efficient design construct use machine
instructions, and therefore applications that had
formerly been coded in assembly language could
be run on C compiler. C has facilities for structured
programming and allows lexical variable
scope.Recursion and C compilers work seamlessly
with majority of available computer architectures
and operating systems.
Pros
C is a case sensitive language.
Being easier to use, C allows you to write

programs faster. Generally these
programs are also easier to debug and
easier to maintain. Furthermore, it’s easier
to manage large, complex programs in C.
Cons
C is not Object Oriented Programming
Languages(OOPL) that’s why C++ comes
into existence to overcome the
disadvantages of C language.
There is no run time checking in C
language.
7. C++
C++ is a general purpose multiparadigm spanning
compiled language that has both highlevel and
lowlevel language features. It was started as an
enhancement to the C programming language in
1979.The C++ programming language has proved
itself really powerful with applications including
domains related to software, server and client and
entertainment. Firefox, Winamp and most of the
Adobe programs are coded in C++.
Pros
C++ is very powerful, and can be used to
create just about any program, including
lowlevel system programs.
There is a compiler for C++ on every
major operating system. C++ programs
that are purposely written for portability will
work on many major operating systems
with little change in code.
C++ is a language which is compiled
(transformed from human readable code
to lowlevel machine code), so it can often
run faster than languages such as Java,
Python, and C#; as it does not depend on
an interpreter or a “runtime environment”
which must be loaded beforehand.
Cons
It is not very safe by itself, as it lacks
automatic boundary checks, invalid pointer
checks etc, allows for invisible sideeffects
(causing nondeterministic behavior) and
allows implicit type casting. Many security
issues and memory leaks are a direct
result of this, unless an extra effort is
made to prevent them.
By default there is no builtin memory

management, requiring developers to use
external libraries or reinvent the wheel.
Its OOP system is rather archaic. requiring
explicit virtualization of methods among
other things usually reserved for older
languages.
8. C#
C# belongs to the Microsoft’s family of
programming language and was developed in
2000 to be a part of the first ever release of
Microsoft’s prestigious .NET framework. C# is very
similar to Java in terms of capabilities. It has been
said that C# combines the robustness of C++ with
the advanced features of Java. Therefore, if you
are good at Java, it is extremely easy to switch to
C# and viceversa.C# language is used to develop
almost all types of software applications that come
with Visual Studio IDE.
Pros
For many, C# has a familiar syntax in that
it follows C.
Fully integrated with the .NET library,
providing access to a great repository of
functionality and support.
Safer than its namesakes (C++) in that
pointer types are not permitted.
Cons
Obviously less efficient in execution than
C++ because it is ultimately interpreted.
Still allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks.
Loses any crossplatform capabilities
because of the integration with .NET.
9. SQL
SQL or Structured Query Language is actually a
database query language. It provides a
standardized way of interacting with the underlying
database of an application. It is extremely simple to
learn and is probably closest to the English
language in terms of syntax. Almost every
application has a backend database and in order to
interact with that you will need to have sound
knowledge of SQL.
Pros
Better use of memory / CPU. In other
words, you don’t have a bunch of CPUs

running at 20% utilization any more.
High availability because of the hypervisor,
not because of clustering. For instance,
ESX Server’s ability to automatically move
VMs when there’s a problem.
Easier to scale up. Since you’re talking
VMs, you can move the VM to bigger
hardware if there’s a need for more
resources. In an ESX environment, the
hypervisors can watch load and move
VMs around to maximize performance.
Cons
Poor performance with heavy I/O
Resources are limited by the VMware
technology and not the hardware. This
immature technology requires extensive
testing before it could be deployed to
missioncritical production applications
with confidence
Over allocation of a virtual host. If you
have too much running on a host, it’s not
just I/O that could be impacted. It could be
memory and CPU bottleneck issues on the
physical host which impairs the SQL
Server.
10. Objective C
The purpose of developing ObjectiveC
programming language was to address the
deficiencies in C language. However, the latter
have gained immense popularity owing to its use in
developing applications for Apple’s iPhone and
iPad.Sound knowledge of ObjectiveC would be
helpful in landing you a job in companies that
develop Apple based software applications.
Pros
ObjectiveC is a very “practical” language.
It uses a thin runtime written in C that adds
little to the size of the application.
The language was implemented on top of
existing C compilers rather than new
compiler.This allowed ObjC to leverage
the huge existing collection of C code,
libraries, tools, and mindshare.
ObjectiveC can be summed up as offering
much of the flexibility of the later Smalltalk
systems, in a language that is deployed as
easily as C.
Cons

ObjectiveC does not include a
namespace mechanism. Instead
programmers are forced to add prefixes to
their class names, a poor solution at best.
ObjectiveC does not support operator
overloading, unlike some other object
oriented programming languages such as
C++.
ObjectiveC allows an object only to inherit
from one class.However this can be seen
to simplify inheritance structures and thus
aid in debugging.
Below in the table we discussed various
benchmarks for different programming languages
on the basis of different parameters mentioned in
table.
Languages
Program
Source
Code
N
CPU
secs
Elapsed
secs
Java
mandelbrot
#2
1,000 0.27 0.27
Ruby
mandelbrot
#2
16,000 4,392.20 4,394.28
PHP
mandelbrot
#2
16,000 1,208.64 1,209.12
Python
mandelbrot
#2
1,000 7.28 7.40
Javascript
mandelbrot
#2
1,000
Bad
Output
C
mandelbrot
#2
16,000 5,568.16 5,569.12
C++
mandelbrot
#2
4,000 2.55 2.55

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C#
mandelbrot
#2
1,000 0.56 0.56
SQL
Objective
c
mandelbrot
#2
4,000 3.14 3.15
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