1) The document presents information on geological hazards, specifically earthquakes. It discusses different types of earthquakes including volcanic and tectonic, and describes the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes. 2) Primary effects include damage to buildings and infrastructure that can kill people, as well as shock and panic among those affected. Secondary effects consist of fires caused by damaged gas and electric lines, tsunamis triggered by undersea quakes, landslides, and disease outbreaks due to disrupted water supplies. 3) The presentation was submitted by Umair Khan to Madam Sana for a geology course at Bacha Khan University, covering the geological hazard of earthquakes.

1. Department of Geophysics Bacha Khan University
Presentation on Geological hazard of earth quack
Submitted By Umair khan
Submitted To Madam Sana
semester 7th

3. Geological Hazards
A geologic hazard is an extreme natural events in the crust of
the earth that pose a threat to life and property, for example,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc

4. EartQuakes
An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling of the
Earth caused by the abrupt release of slowly
accumulated energy in rocks….
There are several kinds of earthquakes:
- Volcanic earthquake (volcano)
- Tectonic earthquake

5. * Volcanic earthquake is earthquake occurred as a result of
volcanic activity of the magma before it erupts.
*Tectonic Earthquake is earthquake was caused by the tectonic
activity,

8. The effects of earthquakes.
Primary effects of earthquakes include
Damage to buildings and transport infrastructure
which can also kill people.
Shock and panic experienced by people.
Secondary effects of earthquakes include;
 FIRES
 TSUNAMIS
 LANDSLIDES
 DISEASE

9. Primary effects
Immediate damage
: Such as collapsing buildings
: damage on roads and bridges which may kill people

12. Secondary effects.
The after-effects of the earthquake
Fire :
Gas pipes and electrical cables are damaged causing fire to spread

13. Ruptured gas and electric lines often cause fires
during earthquake in San Francisco, 1989.

14. Tsunamis.
An earth quake on the sea floor may cause huge waves

15. Landslides
Landslides often occur in steep river valleys and areas
of weak sands and clays

16. Disease and famine
Fresh water supplies are often cut off due to burst water
pipes. Water-borne diseases like typhoid and cholera can
spread easily, especially in large cities cut off from medical
supplies by damaged communications