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SINTESIS PROTEIN
ADITYA TULUS NUGRAHA
INDIKATOR
• Standar Kompetensi
• 3. Memahami penerapan konsep dasar dan prinsip-prinsip hereditas serta
implikasinya pada saling temas
• Kompetensi Dasar
• 3.2 Menjelaskan hubungan gen, DNA-RNA-Polipeptida dan proses sintesis
protein
• Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi
• Menjelaskan kode genetik (Kodon)
• Mendeskripsikan proses sintesis protein
REFERENSI
• Champbell, Neil A. & Jane B. Reece.2010. Biologi Edisi Kedelapan Jilid
1.Jakarta:Erlangga
• Pratiwi, D. A. dkk.2006.Biologi untuk SMA Kelas XII.Jakarta:Erlangga
• Suryo.1994. Genetika Manusia.Yogyakarta:Gadjah Mada University Press
PENDAHULUAN
• Sebelumnya manusia mengira bahwa keanekaragaman makhluk
hidup yang sangat besar seharusnya diikuti oleh
keanekaragaman DNA yang beragam. Namun akhirnya
ditemukan bahwa dalam rantai panjang DNA hanya terdapat 4
basa Nitrogen dan dari seluruh protein di dalam makhluk hidup
hanya tersusun oleh 20 jenis Asam Nukleat
• Sehingga banyak peneliti yang tertarik untuk memecahkan
misteri ini.
PENEMUAN KODE GENETIK
• Nirenberg, Khorona, dan Holley pada tahun 1968 menerima
hadiah nobel karena menciptakan kode genetik dengan
membuat mRNA buatan yang hasilnya dijelaskan sebagai berikut
:
• Kode Singlet Jika sebuah kodon hanya terdiri dari satu nukleotida, akan
didapatkan 41=4, yaitu : A, G, C, dan U, kode ini tidak memenuhi syarat
karena hanya mencakup 4 Asam Amino, padahal Asam Amino yang ada
adalah 20.
• Kode Duplet  Jika sebuah kodon terdiri dari 2 Nukleotida, akan
didapatkan 42=16, kode ini belum memenuhi 20 Asam Amino
• Kode triplet  Jika sebuah kodon terdiri dari 3 Nukleotida, akan
didapatkan 43=64, Kodon ini lebih dari cukup untuk mengkode 20 Asam
Amino. Tapi ini menjadi masalah karena Suatu Asam Amino dikode oleh
lebih dari satu kodon.
KODE GENETIK
U C A G
U UUU } Phe
UUC } Phe
UUA } Leu
UUG } Leu
UCU } Ser
UCC } Ser
UCA } Ser
UCG } Ser
UAU } Tyr
UAC } Tyr
UAA } Stop
UAG } Stop
UGU } Cys
UGC } Cys
UGA } Stop
UGG } Trp
U
C
A
G
C CUU } Leu
CUC } Leu
CUA } Leu
CUG } Leu
CCU } Pro
CCC } Pro
CCA } Pro
CCG } Pro
CAU } His
CAC } His
CAA } Gln
CAG } Gln
CGU } Arg
CGC } Arg
CGA } Arg
CGG } Arg
U
C
A
G
A AUU } Ile
AUC } Ile
AUA } Ile
AUG }
Met/Start
ACU } Thr
ACC } Thr
ACA } Thr
ACG } Thr
AAU } Asn
AAC } Asn
AAA } Lys
AAG } Lys
AGU } Ser
AGC } Ser
AGA } Arg
AGG } Arg
U
C
A
G
G GUU } Val
GUC } Val
GUA } Val
GUG } Val
GCU } Ala
GCC } Ala
GCA } Ala
GCG } Ala
GAU } Asp
GAC } Asp
GAA } Glu
GAG } Glu
GGU } Gly
GGC } Gly
GGA } Gly
GGG } Gly
U
C
A
G
KODE GENETIK
• Keterangan :
• Ala = Alanin
• Arg = Arginin
• Asn = Asparagin
• Asp = Asam aspartate
• Cys = Sistein
• Gln = Glutamin
• Glu = Asam glutamate
• Gly = Glisin
• His = Histidin
• Ile = Isoleusin
• Leu = Leusin
• Lys = Lisin
• Met = Metionin
• Phe = Fenilalanin
• Pro = prolin
• Ser = Serin
• Thr = Treonin
• Try = triptofan
• Tyr = Tirosin
• Val = Valin
PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN
• Ada 2 tahap sintesis protein
• 1. transkripsi
• Merupakan proses penyalinan kode genetik dari DNA yang menghasilkan
mRNA
• Tempat berada di dalam nucleus
• Hasilnya Messenger RNA(mRNA)
• 2. translasi
• Merupakan proses penerjemahan kode genetik dari mRNA menjadi Asam
Amino
• Tempat berada di ribosom
• Hasilnya Polipeptida
PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN PDA PROKARIOTIK
• Karena tidk ada nucleus maka
proses transkripsi terjasi di
sitosol
PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN PDA EUKARIOTIK
• Proses transkripsi terjadi di
Nukleus
• Proses translasi berada di
ribosome
PROTEIN_SYNTHESIS

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PROTEIN_SYNTHESIS

  • 2. INDIKATOR • Standar Kompetensi • 3. Memahami penerapan konsep dasar dan prinsip-prinsip hereditas serta implikasinya pada saling temas • Kompetensi Dasar • 3.2 Menjelaskan hubungan gen, DNA-RNA-Polipeptida dan proses sintesis protein • Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi • Menjelaskan kode genetik (Kodon) • Mendeskripsikan proses sintesis protein
  • 3. REFERENSI • Champbell, Neil A. & Jane B. Reece.2010. Biologi Edisi Kedelapan Jilid 1.Jakarta:Erlangga • Pratiwi, D. A. dkk.2006.Biologi untuk SMA Kelas XII.Jakarta:Erlangga • Suryo.1994. Genetika Manusia.Yogyakarta:Gadjah Mada University Press
  • 4. PENDAHULUAN • Sebelumnya manusia mengira bahwa keanekaragaman makhluk hidup yang sangat besar seharusnya diikuti oleh keanekaragaman DNA yang beragam. Namun akhirnya ditemukan bahwa dalam rantai panjang DNA hanya terdapat 4 basa Nitrogen dan dari seluruh protein di dalam makhluk hidup hanya tersusun oleh 20 jenis Asam Nukleat • Sehingga banyak peneliti yang tertarik untuk memecahkan misteri ini.
  • 5. PENEMUAN KODE GENETIK • Nirenberg, Khorona, dan Holley pada tahun 1968 menerima hadiah nobel karena menciptakan kode genetik dengan membuat mRNA buatan yang hasilnya dijelaskan sebagai berikut : • Kode Singlet Jika sebuah kodon hanya terdiri dari satu nukleotida, akan didapatkan 41=4, yaitu : A, G, C, dan U, kode ini tidak memenuhi syarat karena hanya mencakup 4 Asam Amino, padahal Asam Amino yang ada adalah 20. • Kode Duplet  Jika sebuah kodon terdiri dari 2 Nukleotida, akan didapatkan 42=16, kode ini belum memenuhi 20 Asam Amino • Kode triplet  Jika sebuah kodon terdiri dari 3 Nukleotida, akan didapatkan 43=64, Kodon ini lebih dari cukup untuk mengkode 20 Asam Amino. Tapi ini menjadi masalah karena Suatu Asam Amino dikode oleh lebih dari satu kodon.
  • 6. KODE GENETIK U C A G U UUU } Phe UUC } Phe UUA } Leu UUG } Leu UCU } Ser UCC } Ser UCA } Ser UCG } Ser UAU } Tyr UAC } Tyr UAA } Stop UAG } Stop UGU } Cys UGC } Cys UGA } Stop UGG } Trp U C A G C CUU } Leu CUC } Leu CUA } Leu CUG } Leu CCU } Pro CCC } Pro CCA } Pro CCG } Pro CAU } His CAC } His CAA } Gln CAG } Gln CGU } Arg CGC } Arg CGA } Arg CGG } Arg U C A G A AUU } Ile AUC } Ile AUA } Ile AUG } Met/Start ACU } Thr ACC } Thr ACA } Thr ACG } Thr AAU } Asn AAC } Asn AAA } Lys AAG } Lys AGU } Ser AGC } Ser AGA } Arg AGG } Arg U C A G G GUU } Val GUC } Val GUA } Val GUG } Val GCU } Ala GCC } Ala GCA } Ala GCG } Ala GAU } Asp GAC } Asp GAA } Glu GAG } Glu GGU } Gly GGC } Gly GGA } Gly GGG } Gly U C A G
  • 7. KODE GENETIK • Keterangan : • Ala = Alanin • Arg = Arginin • Asn = Asparagin • Asp = Asam aspartate • Cys = Sistein • Gln = Glutamin • Glu = Asam glutamate • Gly = Glisin • His = Histidin • Ile = Isoleusin • Leu = Leusin • Lys = Lisin • Met = Metionin • Phe = Fenilalanin • Pro = prolin • Ser = Serin • Thr = Treonin • Try = triptofan • Tyr = Tirosin • Val = Valin
  • 8. PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN • Ada 2 tahap sintesis protein • 1. transkripsi • Merupakan proses penyalinan kode genetik dari DNA yang menghasilkan mRNA • Tempat berada di dalam nucleus • Hasilnya Messenger RNA(mRNA) • 2. translasi • Merupakan proses penerjemahan kode genetik dari mRNA menjadi Asam Amino • Tempat berada di ribosom • Hasilnya Polipeptida
  • 9. PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN PDA PROKARIOTIK • Karena tidk ada nucleus maka proses transkripsi terjasi di sitosol
  • 10. PROSES SINTESIS PROTEIN PDA EUKARIOTIK • Proses transkripsi terjadi di Nukleus • Proses translasi berada di ribosome