Horse Identification - Past, Present and Future - Dr. Katie Flynn, California Department of Food & Agriculture Animal , from the 2017 Equine Forum: Advancing ID, Technology, and Electronic Health Records, January 17 - 18, 2017, Denver, CO, USA.
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Dr. Katie Flynn - Horse Identification - Past, Present and Future
1. 6/4/2017
Horse Identification Past, Present
and Future
Dr. Katie Flynn
Equine Staff Veterinarian
Animal Health Branch
California Department of Food and Agriculture
2. History of Animal Identification
⢠1800s: branding cattle and horses
⢠1950s: Animals vaccinated against Bovine
Brucellosis were tagged and allowed to
move
⢠1980s: US Animal Health Association
emphasized the need for animal
identification in case of animal health
emergency
3. Why identify individual horses?
⢠Theft
⢠Horse Care
⢠Emergency
⢠Health Certificates
⢠Veterinary Care
⢠Traceability
⢠Performance
⢠Consumer Confidence - #1 reason
11. Branding
⢠Hot Iron
â First recorded use is by the Egyptians
â Oldest method of identification ( Spanish conquistadors)
â Hot iron bran produces equivalent of a 3rd degree dermal
(skin burn)
⢠Freeze Brand
â Uses branding iron that has been chilled with dry ice or
liquid nitrogen
â Freeze brand damages the pigment producing hair cells
causing the animalâs hair to grow back white
â For lighter haired horses- brand kept on longer to
eliminate hair follicle all together and bare skin shows the
brand
â Less damage to hide than hot iron brand
â More visible
12. Branding
Advantages
⢠Low cost
⢠Difficult to alter
Disadvantages
⢠Invasive- pain, stress
⢠Can be altered
⢠Difficult to read if not done
properly
⢠Typically not an individual
identifier
⢠Difficult to read
⢠Unsightly
⢠Safety issues
13.
14.
15. Lip Tattooing
⢠Originally performed as early as late
1800s.
⢠Jockey club adopted in early 1900s to
eliminate cheating
⢠Inner aspect of upper lip
⢠Thoroughbred/ Standardbred: Letter
followed by numbers
â Letter represents year of birth
16. Lip Tattooing
Advantages
⢠Permanent Identification
⢠Difficult to alter
⢠Linked to registrations
Disadvantages
⢠Invasive- Stress, pain
⢠Can be altered
⢠Potential for disease spread
if not done properly
⢠Difficult to read
⢠Fade over time
17.
18. Iris Scanning
⢠In 2000, Japanese researchers reported
reliability of iris scanning in horses
⢠Noninvasive high resolution camera produces
digital photograph of the eye
â Uses patterns in the iris
â No two iris are identical
⢠Infrared camera measures numerous points in
the iris
⢠Algorithm to create an alphanumeric code
that serves as horse identification number
⢠Cataracts and glaucoma donât diminish ability
as iris is in the front of the eye
19. Irish Scanning
Advantages
⢠Accuracy
⢠Non invasive
⢠Limited ability to be altered
(ocular injury)
Disadvantages
⢠Expensive
⢠Limited equipment
⢠Logistics
20. DNA Typing
⢠Breed Registries
â Variation in Breed Rules
â Stallions for breeding, foals that a result of
transported semen, foals from embryo transfer
⢠Parentage Verification
⢠Hair sample: Main hair forward of the withers
â The follicles (roots) are critical
⢠DNA contains the genetic codes of a horse
â Microsatellite markers are the basis for individual
identification useful in parentage verification.
⢠Amplified and measured by gel electrophoresis and
computer analysis
21. DNA Typing
Advantages
⢠Accuracy
⢠Minimally invasive
⢠Limited ability to be altered
Disadvantages
⢠Expensive
⢠Limited equipment
⢠Logistics
22. Comparison of Equine Identification
Methods
Parameter
Physical
Description Brands Lip Tattoos
Iris
Scanning Microchip DNA
Accurate Unique Indivdiual
Identification X X X X
Reliability of Identification Over Time X X X X
Non-Invasive Procedure X X X
Safe Low Disease Risk Procedure X X X X
Security of Identification X X X X
Speed of Identification X X
Ease of Use X X
Low Cost X