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ENCIMAS Reaccións químicas S P ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ESTADO DE TRANSICIÓN Nivel enerxético das moléculas que poden reaccionar. Momento molecular fugaz onde se están a producir enlaces, romperse… ENERXÍA DE ACTIVACIÓN Cantidade de enerxía, expresada en calorías, que se necesita para elevar a tódalas moléculas dun mol do substrato dende a temperatura que se atopan ata o estado de transición.  Diferencia entre a enerxía basal e a enerxía do estado de transición
ENCIMAS Enerxía de activación e o efecto  catalítico Só entre a fracción de moléculas que se moven rápidamente algunhas convertiranse en productos Só entre a fracción de moléculas que se moven rápidamente algunhas convertiranse en productos nunha poboación de moléculas haberá algunhas movéndose rápidamente Outras movéndose lentamente Un aumento da T, eleva a proporción de moléculas que poden reaccionar A poboación con máis enerxía que a Ea estará en posibilidades de reaccionar Para que un enlace poda romperse ou formarse, a molécula pasará transitoriamente por un estado de mui alta enerxía:  estado de transición ou complexo activado Reaccións químicas
ENCIMAS Incremento da velocidade nunha reacción ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ENCIMAS CATALIZADORES Hai dos tipos de catalizadores:  Catalizadores positivos : que aceleran a rapidez dunha reacción. Catalizadores negativos : que disminúen a rapidez dunha reacción. Un catalizador é unha substancia que modifica a rapidez da reacción química.  O catalizador non se consume no proceso nin sufre cambio químico.
ENCIMAS Catalizadores nos seres vivos: -  BIOCATALIZADORES:  catalizadores que se empregan nas reaccións metabólicas  dos seres vivos tipos: Oligoelementos: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, I F, …… Vitaminas Hormonas ENZIMAS
ENCIMAS Gráfica da cinética dunha reacción sen catalizador con catalizador Enerxía de activación
ENCIMAS COMPARATIVA DA CINÉTICA SIN CATALIZADOR CON CATALIZADOR Enerxía de activación con encima Enerxía de activación sen encima Enerxía total liberada durante a reacción Avance da reacción Enerxía
ENCIMAS Efectos dos catalizadores na cinética dunha reacción  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Beneficios para os seres vivos  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Enzimas a para curso de climántica

  • 1.
  • 2. ENCIMAS Enerxía de activación e o efecto catalítico Só entre a fracción de moléculas que se moven rápidamente algunhas convertiranse en productos Só entre a fracción de moléculas que se moven rápidamente algunhas convertiranse en productos nunha poboación de moléculas haberá algunhas movéndose rápidamente Outras movéndose lentamente Un aumento da T, eleva a proporción de moléculas que poden reaccionar A poboación con máis enerxía que a Ea estará en posibilidades de reaccionar Para que un enlace poda romperse ou formarse, a molécula pasará transitoriamente por un estado de mui alta enerxía: estado de transición ou complexo activado Reaccións químicas
  • 3.
  • 4. ENCIMAS CATALIZADORES Hai dos tipos de catalizadores: Catalizadores positivos : que aceleran a rapidez dunha reacción. Catalizadores negativos : que disminúen a rapidez dunha reacción. Un catalizador é unha substancia que modifica a rapidez da reacción química. O catalizador non se consume no proceso nin sufre cambio químico.
  • 5. ENCIMAS Catalizadores nos seres vivos: - BIOCATALIZADORES: catalizadores que se empregan nas reaccións metabólicas dos seres vivos tipos: Oligoelementos: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, I F, …… Vitaminas Hormonas ENZIMAS
  • 6. ENCIMAS Gráfica da cinética dunha reacción sen catalizador con catalizador Enerxía de activación
  • 7. ENCIMAS COMPARATIVA DA CINÉTICA SIN CATALIZADOR CON CATALIZADOR Enerxía de activación con encima Enerxía de activación sen encima Enerxía total liberada durante a reacción Avance da reacción Enerxía
  • 8.