2. Contents
◦ Konsep undang-undang tanah dan sistem torrens.
◦ Definisi tanah.
◦ Pelupusan tanah.
◦ Perezaban tanah.
◦ Permit to extract and removal of rock materials.
◦ Permit untuk menggunakan ruang udara di atas tanah kerajaan atau tanah rezab.
◦ Pemberimilikan.
◦ Penyitaan.
◦ Pengkelasan dan penggunaan tanah.
◦ Strata.
◦ Exclusive use, enjoyment and extent of land disposal.
◦ Subdivision, partition and amalgamation.
◦ Indefeasibility of title.
3. FAKULTI UNDANG-UNDANG
PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANAMUDA UNDANG-UNDANG DENGAN KEPUJIAN
UUUK3033 - UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH I SEMESTER 1 SESI 2019/2020
Pensyarah /Lecturer :
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD (MM)
Penyelaras
03-89216371/mazliza@ukm.edu.my
DR. SAIDATUL NADIA ABD. AZIZ
03-89216370/nadia_aziz@ukm.edu.my
DR. JADY @ ZAIDI BIN HASSIM (JH)
03-89118442/jady@ukm.edu.my
Status Kursus /
Course status :
WAJIB FAKULTI
/ FACULTY
REQUIREMENTS
Jam Kredit /
Credit Hours :
3 JAM / 3
HOURS
Tempat / Venue :
DK 2 – FUU
Masa / Time :
KHAMIS :
12.00 – 2.00
petang
Semester ditawarkan / Semester
offered :
SEM 1 / 1st SEM
1.0 Hasil Pembelajaran / Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pelajaran ini, pelajar dapat:
i) memahami ciri-ciri asas sistem undang-undang dan pentadbiran tanah di Malaysia;
ii) memahami secara lebih lanjut mengenai perlaksanaan sistem undang-undang dan
pentadbiran tanah di Malaysia.
2.0 Sinopsis / Synopsis
Kursus ini dibentuk untuk memberi pemahaman dan kemahiran kepada pelajar-pelajar untuk
mengendali hal-hal tanah secara teori dan praktikal. Kursus ini dipecahkan kepada tiga aspek iaitu
memahami jentera pentadbiran tanah, memahami dan mentafsirkan Undang-Undang Tanah dan
mencuba menyelesaikan permasalahan berhubungkait dengan tanah. Di dalam Semester Pertama,
perhatian akan diberi kepada peruntukan di dalam Kanun mengenai tanah, definasi tanah, sistem
torrens, hak dan kuasa Kerajaan Negeri dalam melupuskan dan menyita tanah dan hak-hak yang
dinikmati oleh seseorang yang dilupuskan tanah kepadanya. Ia bertujuan untuk menyediakan asas
4. yang kukuh kepada pelajar bagi membolehkan mereka memahirkan diri dengan aspek urusniaga
hartanah yang akan dipelajari di Semester Kedua.
3.0 Objektif / Objectives
Matlamat utama kursus ini adalah untuk memberi pemahaman tentang ciri-ciri asas sistem
undang-undang dan pentadbiran tanah di Malaysia yang merangkumi pemahaman mengenai
peruntukan-peruntukan statut yang berkaitan dan pengkajian kes-kes yang ada hubungan
langsung dengannya.
Kursus ini juga akan memberi pemahaman lanjut mengenai beberapa permasalahan yang timbul
serta isu-isu berbangkit yang terhasil secara langsung atau tidak langsung akibat daripada
perlaksanaan sistem undang-undang dan pentadbiran tanah di Malaysia.
4.0 Rujukan / References
A. BUKU TEKS
Teo and Khaw. 2012 3rd
Ed. Land Law in Malaysia: Cases and Commentary. Lexis Nexis.
Teo Keang Sood. 2012 4th
Ed. Strata Title in Singapore and Malaysia. LexisNexis.
Salleh Hj. Buang. 2015. Malaysian Torrens System. Ed. Ke3. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan
Bahasa & Pustaka.
Malaysia Land Ownership and Agricultural Laws Handbook. 2013. Volume 1 Strategic
Information and Basic Laws. International Business Publications USA.
Martin Dixon. 9th
Edition 2014. Modern Land Law. Routledge.
Ben McFarlane, Nicholas Hopkins & Sarah Nield. 2nd
Edition 2012. Land Law Text, Cases
and Materials. Oxford University Press.
S.Y.Kok. 2010. The Torrens System and Equitable Principles. Sweet & Maxwell.
I.M.Shukri and Ainul Jaria Maidin. 2010. Malaysian Strata Titles Law and Procedure.
Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Ainul Jaria et al. 2008. Principles of Malaysian Land Law. Malaysia: Lexis Nexis.
Ahmad Ibrahim and J. Sihombing. 1989. The Centenary of the Torrens System in Malaysia.
Malaysia: Malayan Law Journal.
J. Sihombing. 1999. National Land Code - A Commentary, Malaysia: Malayan Law
Journal.
Jamila Hussain. 1999. Strata Title in Malaysia. Pelanduk.
Das, S.K., 1963. The Torrens System in Malaya, Singapore: Malayan Law Journal.
B. RUJUKAN LAIN
Khairul Anuar Shaharudin. 2010. 40 Questions You Should Ask Your Lawyer Before
Buying A Residential Property in Malaysia. True Wealth Sdn. Bhd.
Diane Chappelle. 2008 8th
Edition. Land Law. LexisNexis.
Wongpartnership. 2005. Annotated Guide To The Building Maintenance And Strata
Management Act 2004. Thomson, Sweet & Maxwell Asia.
Kate Green & Joe Cursley. 2004 5th
Edition. Land Law. Palgrave Law Masters.
5. Abdul Aziz Hussin. 1996. Lesen Pendudukan Sementara dan Permit. Kuala Lumpur:
Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.
Ridzuan Awang, 1994. Undang-Undang Tanah Islam Pendekatan Perbandingan. Kuala
Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.
Salleh Hj. Buang, 1993. The National Land Code (Amendment) Act. Kuala Lumpur:
Central Law Book Corporation.
Teo Keang Sood, 1993. Hak Milik Strata di Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa &
Pustaka.
Salleh Hj. Buang, 1993. Law on Housing Developers. Kuala Lumpur: Central Law Book
Corporation.
Khublal, N., 1984. Law Of Compulsory Purchase Compensation, Ma1aysia And
Singapore: Butterworths.
Megarry and Wade, 1984. 5th. Edition. The Law Of Real Property. Stevens.
Sinnadurai,V. 1984. The Sale and Purchase Of Real Property In Malaysia.Butterworths.
Braddel, R. 1982. The Law of Straits Settlements: A Commentary. London: Oxford
University Press.
Burn, E. H. 1982. 13th
Edition. Cheshire and Burn’s Modern Law of Real Property.
London: Butterworths.
Gray and Symmes. 1981. Real Property and Real People. Butterworths.
Hooker, M.B. (Ed.), 1970. Reading In Malay Adat Laws, Singapore: Singapore University
Press.
C. SENARAI STATUT
Kanun Tanah Negara 1965 (Akta 56/1965)
Akta Hakmilik Strata 1985 (Pindaan 2016) (Akta A1518)
Akta Pengurusan Strata 2013 (AKTA 757)
5.0 Jam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran / Teaching
Aktiviti /Activities Jam Pertemuan / Contact
Hours
Kuliah / Lecture 22
Tutorial 8
Ujian 1 1
Tugasan 1 6
Persembahan dalam kumpulan / Group presentations 1
Pembelajaran sendirian / Self-learning 83
Peperiksaan akhir semester / Final exam 2
Jumlah / Total 123
6. 6.0 Pelaksanaan / Implementation
WEEKS Topik / Topics Kuliah /
Lecture
Tutorial,
Pembentangan
WEEK 1
12/9/2019
MM
Pengenalan
Topik 1: Konsep Undang-Undang
Tanah dan Sistem Torrens
⁄
WEEK 2
19/9/2019
MM
Topik 2: Definisi Tanah
Topik 3: Pelupusan Tanah
a. Perezaban Tanah
⁄
WEEK 3
26/9/2019
MM
Topik 3: Pelupusan Tanah
b. Lesen Pendudukan
Sementara
c. Permit untuk mengeluarkan
& peralihan bahan batuan
⁄
Tutorial
bermula
MM
WEEK 4
3/10/2019
SN
Topik 3: Pelupusan Tanah
d. Permit untuk menggunakan
ruang udara di atas tanah
kerajaan atau tanah rezab
⁄
MM
WEEK 5
10/10/2019
SN
Topik 3: Pelupusan Tanah
e. Pemberimilikan ⁄
SN
WEEK 6
17/10/2019
SN
Topik 4: Pengkelasan dan
penggunaan tanah
a. Syarat dan Sekatan
Kepentingan
b. Penyitaan
⁄
MM
WEEK 7
24/10/2019
SN
UJIAN
⁄
SN
WEEK 8
7/11/2019
JD
Topik 5: Penggunaan Tanah
Persendirian: Jenis dan
Keluasannya
a Penggunaan dan Penikmatan
Eksklusif
b Hak Pengantungan Ke Atas
Tanah
⁄
SN
7. WEEK 9
14/11/2019
JD
Topik 6: Hakmilik Tak Boleh
Disangkal
a. Kesan Pendaftaran
b. Batasan Masa Untuk
Menuntut Hakmilik
- Tuntutan Bersilang
Pengecualian
- Penipuan
- Salahnyataan
- Pemalsuan
- Instrumen Tidak Mencukupi
Atau Tidak Sah
- Lain-lain Pengecualian
Kedudukan Sukarelawan dan Orang
Yang Suci Hati
⁄
JD
WEEK 10
21/11/2019
JD
Topik 7:
a. Pecah Sempadan Tanah
b. Pecah Bahagian Tanah
c. Penyatuan Tanah
⁄
JD
WEEK 11
28/11/2019
MM
Topik 7: Pecah Sempadan
Bangunan
a. Pendaftaran Hakmilik Strata
b. Pemecahan dan Penyatuan
Petak-Petak
c. Tanggungjawab Pemilik
Hakmilik Strata Perbadanan
Pengurusan
⁄
JD
WEEK 12
5/12/2019
MM, JD &
SN
Pembentangan ⁄
MM
WEEK 13
12/12/2019
MM, JD &
SN
Pembentangan ⁄
8. WEEK 14
19/12/2019
MM, JD &
SN
Ulangkaji ⁄
7.0 Penilaian / Evaluation
Penilaian Peratusan
Ujian (SN) 20
Tugasan (Kumpulan) (MM) 15
Pembentangan (Kumpulan) (JD) 15
Penglibatan - Tutorial 10
Peperiksaan Akhir Semester 40
Jumlah 100%
9. 1. KONSEP UNDANG-UNDANG TANAH
1.1 Konsep Undang-Undang Tanah Moden - (Barat)
(Modern Land Law Concept - Western)
Lihat Gray and Symmes, Real Property and Real People, Bab 1.
Megarry and Wade, Law of Real Property, Bab 1.
Lihat Hargreaves and Helmore, An Introduction to the
Principles of Land Law, Bab 5 dan 11
Lihat Property in Land, [1993] vol. 2, Yale Law Journal,
Hlm. 1315.
Lihat Land Policy: A Framework For Analysis and Action [1988]
Journal of African Law, pp. 185-206.
1.2 Undang-Undang Tanah Di Malaysia
(Land Law in Malaysia)
Lihat Ahmad Ibrahim Dan J. Sihombing, 1989.
The Centenary Of The Torrens System In Malaysia,
Malayan Law Journal.
Lihat Anwar A. Qadri, Islamic Jurisprudence In The Modern World,
New Delhi: Taj Company, 1986.
Lihat Teo And Khaw, Land Law In Malaysia, Cases And Commentary,
Butterworth 2nd
Ed., 1995.
Lihat Salleh Hj. Buang, Malaysian Torrens System, Bab 1.
Lihat Sihombing, J., National Land Code - A Commentary,
Malayan Law Journal, 1999.
Lihat Wong, David S., Tenure And Land Dealings in the Malay States.
Hunud Abia Kadouf. 1997. The Traditional Malay Ruler and the Land: Maxwell's Theory
Revisited, [1997] 1 MLJ cxxi; [1997] 1 MLJA 121.
Yogeswaran Subramaniam. 2007. Beyond Sagong bin Tasi: The Use of Traditional
Knowledge to Prove Aboriginal Customary Rights Over Land in Peninsular Malaysia and its
Challenges, [2007] 2 MLJ xxx; [2007] 2 MLJA 30.
Abdul Haseeb Ansari and Ismawi Hj Zen. 2006. Towards A Sustainable Land Use Planning:
An Appraisal With Special RefeReNce To Malaysia, [2006] 6 MLJ cvii; [2006] 6 MLJA
107.
1.3 Sistem Torrens (Torrens System)
10. System Deeds (Deeds System)
s. 6 Akta Undang-undang Sivil 1956
Lihat Innes, J.R., A Short Treaties On Registration Of Title In The F.M.S.
Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office, 1913) Bab 1 Dan Bab 2
Lihat Ahmad Ibrahim Dan J. Sihombing, 1989.
The Centenary Of The Torrens System In Malaysia,
Malayan Law Journal.
Lihat E.A. Francis, Torren System In Australasia, Vol. 1, Bab 1.
Lihat Whalan D.J., The Torren System In Australia.
Lihat J. Baalmah, An Approach To Torren System (1958) 2 Sydney Law Review, Hlm. 89.
Lihat Shick B.C & Plotkin I.H., Torrens In The United States.
Lihat Sihombing, J., National Land Code - A Commentary,
Malayan Law Journal, 1999.
Lihat Salleh Hj. Buang, Malaysian Torrens System, Bab 1.
Lihat Teo And Khaw, Land Law In Malaysia, Cases And Commentary, Butterworth 2nd
Ed.,
1995.
Ainul Jaria Maidin. 2007. Conversion From English Deeds System to Torrens System of Title
Registration in Penang and Malacca: Process and Problems, [2007] 2 MLJ lii; [2007] 2 MLJA
52.
11. 2. DEFINISI TANAH
S. 5 KANUN TANAH NEGARA 1965 (National Land Code)
Prinsip Undang-Undang Inggeris mengenai Lekapan dan catel.
(English principles concerning law on fixtures and chattels)
Chattels, Fixtures and Pretention of Title, [1988] 3 M.L.J. xvii.
Black's Law Dictionary (8th Edition), definition of land.
Holland v. Hodgson (1872) LR 7 C.P. 328.
Reid v. Smith (1906) 3 C.L.R. 656.
Goh Chong Hin v. The Consolidated Malay Rubber Estates Ltd. F.M.S.L.R. 86.
Shell Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Federal Capital of Kuala Lumpur (1964) 1 M.L.J. 302
Socfin Ltd. v. Chairman Klang Town Council (1964) 30 M.L.J. 325.
Koh Keh Choi v. P.P. (1948) M.L.J 6
Kiah bt Hanapiah v. Som bt Hanapiah (1953) M.L.J 82.
Re Tiambi bt. Ma’amin (1904) Innes 285.
Wiggins Teape (M) Sdn Bhd v. Bahagia Trading Sdn Bhd (1980) 2 M.L.J. 45.
Sigma Sawmill Co., Sdn Bhd v. Asian Holding (Industrialised Buildings) Sdn Bhd (1980) 1 M.L.J.
Hock Lim Estates Sdn Bhd v. Collector of Land Revenue, Johopr Bharu (F.C.) (1980) 1 M.L.J.
210.
Mbf Finance Bhd v. Global Pacific Textiles Industries Sdn Bhd (In Receivership) & Anor (1993)
4 C.L.J. 379.
Material Trading Pte Ltd v. DBS finance Ltd. (1988) 2 M.L.J. 63.
Esso Malaysia Bhd. v. Hills Agency (M) Sdn Bhd & Ors. (1994) 1 M.L.J. 740.
Lihat TEO AND KHAW, Land Law in Malaysia, Cases and Commentary,
Butterworth 2nd
Ed., 1995. Bab 1.
12. 3. PELUPUSAN TANAH
Pelupusan Tanah di Permukaan bumi.
Pelupusan Tanah bawah permukaan bumi; Ss 92 A – 92 I
3.1 Perezaban Tanah (Land Reserve)
Ss. 62 – 64 Kanaun Tanah Negara
Government of the State of Negeri Sembilan & anor v Yap Chong Lan & 12 Ors lesco development
corporation sdn bhd v yap chong lan & 12 ors [1984] 2 MLJ 123
Perezaban Tanah dan Memajakan Tanah Rezab
Perezaban Tanah dan Memajakan Tanah Bawah Permukaannya S 92 F
3.2 Lesen Pendudukan Sementara (Temporary Occupation License)
Ss. 65 – 69, Ss. 425 – 426 A Kanun Tanah Negara,
Ss. 29 Kanun Tanah Sarawak,
Ss. 18 Ordinan Tanah Sabah.
Borang 4A, 4B Jadual 1 KTN.
Mohamed v. Kunji Mohidin (1966) 2 M.L.J. 24; (1967) 1 M.L.J. 96.
Fatimah v. Moideen Kutty (1969) 1 M.L.J. 72.
Papoo v. Veriah (1965) 1 M.L.J. 127.
Julaika Bivi v. Mydin (1961) 27 M.L.J. 310.
Tindok Besar Estate v. Tinjar (1979) 2 M.L.J. 229
Govindaraju v. Krisnan (1962) M.L.J. 334
Teh Bee v. Marithamuthu (F.C) (1977) 2 M.L.J. 7.
Paruwathy Murugiah v. Krisnan Derasamy (F.C) (1983) 2 M.L.J. 121.
Bohari bin Taib & Ors. v. Pengarah Tanah & Galaian Selangor (S.C) (1991) 1 C.L.J. 647.
Pengarah Tanah & Galian Selangor v. Bohari bin Taib & Ors. (H.C) (1991) 1 C.L.J. 781.
13. Melombong dan Perumahan Sdn. Bhd. v. Suntra a/l Thangiah & Anor. (1993) 1 C.L.J. 135.
Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) v. Tam Seek Hong & 54 Ors. (1994) 3 C.L.J. 64.
Tan Bok Seng @ Tan Leong Tian v. Sin Bee Seng & Co. (Port Weld) Sdn. Bhd. & 4 Ors. (1995) 4
C.L.J. 795.
Sentul Murni Sdn Bhd v. Ahmad Amirudin Kamarudin & Ors (2000) 4 C.L.J. 375
Lembaga Kemajuan Negeri Pahang v. D Chandran (2001) 1 C.L.J. 271
Koperasi Pasaraya Malaysia Bhd v UDA Holdings Sdn Bhd & Ors [2002] 7 MLJ 174
Lihat Nik Abdul Rashid, Lesen Tumpangan Sementara [1978] J.M.C.L. 85.
Lihat Salleh Buang, Temporary Occupation License: Some Proposal for Reform, (1987) J.M.C.L.
ccll.
Lesen daripada pemilik
Chang Siew @ Chang Siew Kee & 3 Ors. v. Chang Sang @ Chen Yen Sang & Anor. (1993) 4 C.L.J.
125.
Cheo Lean How V Fock Fong Looi [1985] 2 MLJ 440 (FC).
3.3 Permit Untuk Mengeluarkan dan Peralihan Bahan Batuan (Permit to Extract and Remove
Rock Material)
Ss. 70 – 75 KTN.
Marble Terazzo Industries v. Anggaran Enterprise (1991) 2 C.L.J. 109.
Puspita Corporation Sdn. Bhd. & 2 Ors. v. Berjuntai Tin Dredging Bhd. (S.C.) (1994) 3 C.L.J.
701.
Equity Corporation Sdn Bhd v Thye Sun Quarry Sdn Bhd [2002] 6 MLJ 74
Ss. 426 & 426 A KTN.
Ss. 32 A & 36 Kanun Tanah Sarawak.
Borang 4C Jadual Satu KTN.
3.4 Permit Untuk Menggunakan Ruang Udara Di Atas Tanah Kerajaan Atau Tanah Rezab.
(Permit to Use Air Space Above Government Land or Reserved Land).
Ss. 75 A – 75 G Akta Kanun Tanah Negara (Pindaan) 1984) Akta A 587/1984.
14. 3.5 Pemberianmilik (Alienation)
Ss. 76 –92 KTN
S. 13 Kanun Tanah Sarawak.
Ss. 7, 48, 55 Ordinan Tanah Sabah
S. 92 Pemberianmilik Tanah Bawah Permukaan bumi.
S. 92 D Pemberianmilik berasingan dengan Tanah berimilik di Permukaan bumi.
Dr Ti Teow Seow & Ors v. Pendaftar Geran-Geran Tanah Negeri Selangor (1982) 1 M.L.J. 38.
Teh Bee v. Marithamuthu (F.C) (1977) 2 M.L.J. 7.
Kerajaan Negeri Sarawak & Ors v Basnol bin Abol (deceased) & Ors and Other appeals [2003] 1
MLJ 376 (MR)
Mohd. Arshad bin Salleh v. Yasin Bin Ibrahim & Ors (1991) 2 M.L.J. 1009.
Sidek Bin Haji Muhammad & 461 Ors. v. The Government of the State of Perak & Ors. (F.C) (1982)
1 M.L.J. 313.
Bohari bin Taib & Ors v Pengarah Tanah Galian Selangor [1991] 1 MLJ 343
Cf - Toh Kheng Heng & Anor V Ahmad Fauzi Bin Mohd Taufek [1994] 1 MLJ 356 (MT)
Suharta Development Sdn. Bhd. V. Ho Lik Sdn. Bhd. (H.C) (1993) 2 A.M.R. 0:2294.
Golden Approach Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Galian (2001) 1 C.L.J. 755
Tetuan Tokoyaki Property Sdn Bhd v. Sam Kok Sang & Ors (2001) 4 CLJ 97
Yee Seng Plantations Sdn Bhd v Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu & Ors [2000] 3 MLJ 699 (MR)
Koperasi Wanita Sarawak Bhd & Anor v Robert Sim Teck Hock [2005] 4 MLJ 493 (MR)
Evergreen Frontier (M) Sdn Bhd v The Director of Lands and Surveys, Sabah & Anor [2005] 2 MLJ
644
Hak Tetap (Final Title)
Hak Sementara (Qualified Title)
Hakmilik Pejabat Tanah (Land Office Title)
Hakmilik Pejabat Pendaftar (Registry Title)
15. Dokumen Hakmilik Daftaran (Registered Document of Title)
Dokumen Hakmilik Keluaran (Issued Document of Title)
Prinsip Cermin (Mirror Prinsiple)
Prinsip Tabir (Curtain Prinsiple)
Lihat Sihombing, J., 1999, National Land Code - A Commentary,
Malayan Law Journal, Bab 10
Lihat Teo And Khaw, 1995, Land Law in Malaysia, Cases and Commentary,
Butterworth 2nd
Ed., Bab 2.
Ss. 120 – 124 K.T.N.
Pengarah Tanah & Galian, Wilayah Persekutuan v. Sri Lempah Enterprise Sdn Bhd.(1979) 1 M.L.J.
271
Ipoh Garden Bhd. v. Pengarah Tanah & Galian, Ipoh, Perak (1979)1 M.L.J. 271.
Land Executive Committee v. Harper Gilfillan Bhd. (1981) 1 M.L.J. 234.
Lam Eng Rubber (M) Factory Sdn. Bhd. v. Hartamaju Sdn Bhd. (1994) 2 C.L.J. 606.
Pengiran Othman Shah Bin Pengiran Mohd Yusuf & Anor v. Karambumi Resorts Sdn. Bhd. & 3 Ors.
(1996) 1 C.L.J. 257
Fusing Construction Sdn Bhd v. Eon Finance Bhd & Ors And Another Appeal (2000) 3 C.L.J 341.
Binariang Communications Sdn Bhd v. I & P Inderawasih Jaya Sdn Bhd (2000) 3 C.L.J 789
3.5.1 Hak Bawah Adat/Customary Rights
Yogeswaran Subramaniam, Beyond Sagong Bin Tasi: The Use of Traditional Knowledge
to Prove Aboriginal Customary Rights Over Land in Peninsular Malaysia and its
Challenges, [2007] 2 MLJ xxx; [2007] 2 MLJA 30.
Kerajaan Negeri Johor & Anor v Adong bin Kuwau & Ors [1998] 2 MLJ (MR)
SOP Plantations (SUAI) Sdn Bhd v Ading ak Layang & Ors [2004] 4 MLJ 180 (MT)
Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors v Sagong bin Tasi & Ors [2005] 6 MLJ 289 (MR)
Superintendent of Lands & Surveys, Bintulu v Nor Anak Nyawai & Ors and another appeal [2006]
1 MLJ 256 (MR).
3.6 Pelupusan Tanah bawah permukaan bumi oleh Pihak berkuasa Negeri
16. Pemberianmilik tanah kerajaan S.92 C
Pemberianmilik berasingan dengan tanah berimilik permukaan bumi S. 92 D
Pajakan tanah bawah permukaan bawah tanah rezab S. 92 F
3.7.1 Penceroboh/Tress Passer
Sidek Bin Haji Muhammad & 461 Ors. v. The Government of the State of Perak & Ors. (MP)
(1982) 1 M.L.J. 313.
Bohari bin Taib & Ors. v. Pengarah Tanah & Galaian Selangor (MA) (1991) 1 C.L.J. 647.
Toh Kheng Heng & Anor V Ahmad Fauzi Bin Mohd Taufek [1994] 1 MLJ 356 (MT)
Tekad Urus Sdn Bhd (as the attorney for KCSB konsertium Sdn Bhd) v Penduduk Yang
Menduduki Kawasan Yang Dipanggil Desa Perwira dan Lain-lain [2004] 2 MLJ 306 (MR)
3.7.2 Pengusiarn/Eviction
RR Sethu, Possession: Demise of Self-help as a Remedy, [1993] 1 MLJ xxv; [1993] 1 MLJA 25,
Yusuf bin Awang v Datuk Bandar Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam & Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam
[2004] 5 MLJ 360 (MT)
18. Pengenalan
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
▪ Tanah merupakan faktor utama bagi penghasilan
sumber- sumber ekonomi
▪ Terhad, peratusannya kecil , hanya meliputi 30%
daripada keluasan bumi
20. Latarbelakang
Undang-undang Tanah
•Sebelum kedatangan
Inggeris
•Org melayu tidak
bermasalah dalam hal tanah
•Jumlah penduduk rendah –
tanah luas
•Menjalankan ekonomi
pertanian untuk sara diri
selain daripada tangkap
ikan/ambil hasil hutan
•Sistem pertanian pindahDr. Mazliza Mohamad
21. •Walaupun masyarakat melayu
bebas memiliki/menduduki
tanah, ini tidak bererti mereka
tidak mempunyai peraturan
mengenai tanah
•Menurut kajian sarjana Inggeris,
MAXWELL WILKINSON, –
terdapat sistem pegangan tanah
melayu sebelum kedatangan
penjajah
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
23. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
❖Tanah Hidup
✓Tanah Kampung
• Tanah yang dijadikan tapak rumah ataupun
tanaman buah-buahan
• Hak akan kekal semasa jangkamasa ia
menduduki tanah tersebut
✓Tanah Bendang
• Ia diusahakan tidak kurang dari 3 tahun
• Kekal selama diduduki
✓Tanah Huma
• Diusahakan bagi pertanian pindah
• Kekal selama 1 musim
❖Tanah Mati
• Tanah hutan yang pernah
dikerjakan tapi ditinggalkan
lebih dari 3 tahun;
• Jika dikerjakan semula ia
menjadi tanah hidup;
• Tetapi tuan yang
meninggalkan tanah tersebut
tidak boleh menuntut tanah itu
semula
Jenis tanah
24. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Abad ke 15- pengaruh
Islam
Hal ehwal tanah mula
menguna pakai
undang-undang Islam
Adat disesuaikan
dengan hukum Islam
Pemakaian Undang-undang Islam dan Adat
Adat
Temenggong
Adat Perpatih
Negeri-negeri
Melayu kecuali
Negeri Sembilan
Negeri Sembilan &
beberapa daerah
di Melaka
25. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Tanah Adat
• Haji Hussin bin Haji Matsom v Maheran binti Haji
Mohamed Tahir (1946) MLJ 116
• Home J
• ….Customary Land is land the title to which it has been
endorsed “Customary Land” and that the expression
‘customary land” meant land which was ancestral
property (harta pesaka) as opposed to land which
acquires property (harta charian)
26. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Undang-undang
peribadi
Keturunan
Minangkabau
dari Sumatera
Diguna pakai oleh
orang-orang
melayu di Negeri
Sembilan &
Melaka
Peraturan
perwarisan
Adat Perpateh “tribal descent goes
through women. A man is
a member of his
mother’s tribe until by
marriage he is received
into his wife’. Land can
be owned by women
only. Women may not
travel, the husband
settles in his wife’s
village.Not the wife in the
husband’s village.
Exogamy is insisted on.”
WJ WILKINSON
27. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Adat Temenggong
Memulakan
konsep
pemegangan
tanah
Sistem
patrilineal
WJ WILKINSON
“the adat temenggong was
made up of ordinary Malay
custom, administered by
despotic authourity and
supplemented by a large
number of sumptuary
regulations drawn up for the
glorification of the royal court”
28. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
“Sudah diketahui umum iaitu
mengikut undang-undang
Melayu lama atau undang-
undang adat Melaka bahawa
Raja memiliki semua tanah
di dalam negeri; setiap orang
berhak mengerjakan dan
menduduki tanah hutan dan
tanah mati tertakluk kepada
syarat menyerahkan satu
persepuluh (1/10) daripada
hasil tanah itu kepada raja”
SHARIP V
MITCHELL
(1870) Lelc.
466
29. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Undang-
undang Adat
Undang-
undang
Islam
Diparktikkan
Shaik Abdul Latif & Ors v Shaik Elias Bux (1915) 1 FMSLR 204
“…the only law at that time applicable to the Malays was the Mohamedan law
modified by custom.”
30. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
PERLAKSANAAN UNDANG-UNDANG
ISLAM BERAKHIR DI TANAH MELAYU
• Undang-undang Inggeris, mula
diperkenalkan semasa British
menduduki Pulau Pinang
1786
• Francis Light buat Piagam
Keadilan – prinsip undang-
undang common & ekuiti
• Perkenalkan Deed System
(Suratikatan)
MELAKA
•SISTEM SURAT IKATAN/DEED SYSTEM
NEGERI-NEGERI
MELAYU
BERSEKUTU
•SISTEM RESIDEN
NEGERI-NEGERI
MELAYU TIDAK
BERSEKUTU
•ENAKMEN TANAH
31. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
▪ Pemunyaan tanah tidak
dibuktikan melalui pendaftaran
▪ Ia dibuktikan melalui
suratikatan berbentuk geran
yang beri kebenaran untuk
membersih dan menduduki
tanah
▪ Geran dikeluarkan oleh Syarikat
India Timor (East India
Company)
Deed System ▪ Pada 1824 Melaka diduduki
Inggeris – perkenalkan Deed
System
▪ Sistem ini diamalkan di Pulau
Pinang sehingga diperkenalkan
Kanun Tanah bagi Melaka &
Pulau Pinang Title 1963
▪ Terpakai hingga 1963 – Kanun
Tanah Negara (Melaka & Pulau
Pinang) berkuatkuasa pd 1
Januari 1966 – Sistem Torrens
32. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Negeri Melayu Bersekutu
▪ Pada 1897, Enakmen Tanah 1897
telah memansuhkan segala undang-
undang yang lain berkaitan tanah
sebelum ini di Negeri-negeri Melayu
Bersekutu
▪ Dibawah Enakmen ini geran tidak
akan dikeluarkan sehingga tanah
berkaitan diukur & ditanda bagi
tentukan sempadan
▪ Geran yang dikeluarkan adalah
muktamad
▪ Bukti konklusif & tidak boleh dicabar
▪ Enakmen 1897 digantikan oleh
Federated Malay States Land
Enactment & FMS Registration of
Titles Enactment 1911
▪ Oleh itu keseragaman pentadbiran
tanah di Negeri-negeri Melayu
Bersekutu telah dicapai
▪ Enakmen ini berkuatkuasa hingga ia
dihapuskan oleh FMS Land Code
1926
▪ FMS Land Code 1926 telah menjadi
model untuk rangka Kanun Tanah
Negara 1965 yang berkuatkuasa pd 1
Januari 1966
▪ Juga diperkenalkan di Negeri-negeri
Melayu Tidak Bersekutu
33. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
PEMAKAIAN UNDANG-UNDANG
INGGERIS
4 sistem
sosio-
politik
Negeri-negeri
Selat
Negeri-negeri
Melayu
bersekutu
Negeri-negeri
Melayu tidak
bersekutu
Sabah &
Sarawak
34. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
British
Advisor
System
Negeri-negeri Tidak
Bersekutu
– Johor, Kedah,Kelantan,
Perlis & Terengganu
English
Deed
System
Negeri-negeri Selat
– Melaka & Pulau Pinang
British
Resident
System
Negeri-negeri
Bersekutu
36. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
•Tanah adalah hal-
ehwal Negeri (State
matter)
•Jadual ke-9 Senarai 2
Perlembagaan
Persekutuan
37. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
•Jadual 9
Perlembagaan
Persekutuan
menetapkan kuasa
Persekutuan & Negeri
dalam hal ehwal
tanah
38. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
❖ Perkara 76 Perlembagaan
Persekutuan – memberi kuasa
kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan
untuk mewujudkan satu bentuk
undang-undang tanah yang
seragam di Semenanjung
Malaysia
❖ Kanun Tanah Negara 1965
(KTN) digubalkan –
berkuatkuasa pada 1 Januari
1966
39. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Dengan kewujudan Kanun
Tanah Negara (KTN) 1965 –
sistem torrens telah diterima
secara meluas dan
berterusan pemakaiannya
sehingga kini
41. Sistem Torrens
Diperkenalkan oleh Sir
Robert Torrens
Telah memperkenalkan
sistem tersebut di Australia
Selatan pada 1858
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
42. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Sistem Torrens
Sistem
pendaftaran
hakmilik
tanah
Daftar
mencerminkan
segala fakta
material
hakmilik
seseorang
Ia merangkumi :-
•nama pemilik
• butir-butir
tentang tanah
yang diberimilik
• luas kawasan
•lokasi
•pelan ukur
•had sempadan
43. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Sistem Torrens
Pendaftaran
adalah segala-
galanya
Daftar mempunyai
sifat sebagai tabir
(curtain)
Setiap transaksi antara
pemilik berdaftar dan
bakal pembeli
– bakal pembeli hanya
perlu beri perhatian
kepada maklumat dalam
daftar
– memantulkan
maklumat (mirror)
3
prinsip
Tabir
cermininsuran
51. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Perkara
yang tidak
wujud di
Malaysia
insuran
Gadai
janji
Peruntukan untuk wang
insuran sebagai bayaran
gantirugi bagi melindungi
kecuaian pegawai-pegawai
pendaftaran
52. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
The Malaysian Land Administration Structure
3 level of
governments
Federal
StateLocal
the State or
Local
governments
- involved in
the
implementat
ion of road
map related
on land
administrati
on elements
• The Federal
government -
involved in
national
vision,
mission,
policy or
strategies
formulation,
financial
budget and
human
resources
management
53. Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Figure 3:The Structure of Land Ownership Activities for
Malaysian Land Administration with SDI
58. • Definisi undang2 terhadap
tanah adalah sangat
penting
• Semua transaksi adalah
menyentuh sekitar definisi
tanah
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
59. SEK. 5 KTN
“Tanah”
termasuklah:-
a.
Mukabumi
dan semua
benda-
benda yg
menjadikan
mukabumi;
b.
Tanahbumi
di bwh
mukabumi
dan semua
benda2 yg
terkandung
di dlmnya
c. Semua
tumbuh2an
dan lain2
keluaran
semulajadi,
samada
memerlukan
penggunaan
tenaga berkala
terhadap
pengeluaranny
a atau tdk, dan
samada di atas
atau di bwh
mukabumi itu;
d. Semua
benda yg
terlekat pd
tanahbumi
atau
dilekatkan
selama2nya
pd apa2
benda yg
terlekat pd
tanahbumi,
samada di
atas atau di
bwh
mukabumi
itu; dan
e. Tanah yg
diliputi air
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
60. Sub. para (d) Semua benda yg terlekat pd
tanahbumi atau dilekatkan selama2nya pd
apa2 benda yg terlekat pd tanahbumi,
samada di atas atau di bwh mukabumi itu
Fixture/lekapan – harta benda yg lekat
pada tanah atau pada bangunan di atas
tanah yg menjadi sebahagian drpnya
Harta benda tersebut akan
kehilangan karakternya dan
akan berpindah haknya
bersekali dgn tanah
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
62. ▪ Penentuan samada lekapan
atau catel
▪ Campuran soalan undang-
undang (questions of law)
dan soalan fakta
(questions of fact)
▪ Mahkamah akan buat
keputusan
▪ Bergantung kpd keadaan kes
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
63. DI MALAYSIA,
PERSOALAN APA
YANG
DIMAKSUDKAN
DENGAN
LEKAPAN MASIH
TIDAK DAPAT
DISELESAIKAN
• It is in fact a question of
degree of how much a chattel
is fixed to the earth so as to
become part of it
• In the light of Sec. 3 Civil
Law Act – consider the
question of ‘fixtures’ as
decided by the Malaysian
courts by applying the
principles in the English laws
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
65. Dr Mazliza Mohamad
BLACKBURN J
“Perhaps the true rule is that articles not otherwise attached to the
land than by their own weight are not to be considered as part of the
land, unless the circumstances are such as to show that they were
intended to be part of the land, the onus of showing that they were
intended lying on those who assert that they have ceased to be
chattels, and that, on the contrary, an article which is affixed to the
land even slightly is to be considered as part of the land, unless the
circumstances are such as to show that it was intended all along to
continue as chattel, the onus lying on those who contend that it is a
chattel”
HOLLANDV HODGSON (1872) LR 7 CP 328
66. 2 UJIAN
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Degree of annexation
(Tahap perlekapan)
Object of annexation
(Tujuan perlekapan)
67. Degree of annexation
(tahap perlekapan)
General rule :-
chattel is not deemed to be so annexed to
land as to become a fixture unless it is
actually fastened to or connected with the
land or building
Jika melekat pada tanah, prima facie ia
sebahagian dari tanah
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
68. ➢Persoalan:
• Jika ia dikeluarkan dari tanah,
adakah rosak tanah?
✓ Jika objek tdk blh dikeluarkan/akan
rosakkan tanah, ia adalah
sebahagian dari tanah
• Jika objek melekat kerana
beratnya sahaja, ia bukan
sebahagian dari tanah
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
69. CONTOH:-
•Mesin cetak yg beratnya
beberapa ton.
•Ia terletak di lantai atas
kilang dan secured by its
own weight.
•It is not a fixture
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
70. Object of annexation (tujuan
perlekapan)
Ujian utk mengetahui samada chattel itu
dilekatkan di sesuatu tempat utk lbh
memudahkan seseorg menggunakan chattel
tersebut atau utk kemudahan menggunakan
tanah/bangunan
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
71. Dr Mazliza Mohamad
O’CONNER J
“In general, it appears to me that the true test to be applied
in determining whether a chattel has lost its character of
chattel and become part of the freehold, is to inquire what is
the object and purpose of its being attached to the freehold?
If the object and purpose of its being attached to the
freehold is not the enjoyment of the character itself, but the
better enjoyment of the freehold, it is clear that it must be
taken to have become annexed to the freehold, and become
part of the freehold”
REIDV SMITH (1906) 3 CLR 656
72. ➢Chattel yg diletakkan di atas tanah
dlm keadaan di mana menunjukkan
satu tujuan/maksud yg jelas utk
memberi kenikmatan kpd kegunaan
tanah akan menjadi lekapan
➢Contoh:
➢Tempat duduk yg tlh dilekatkan di
atas lantai panggung wayang
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
74. Dr Mazliza Mohamad
Goh Chong Hin v The Consolidated Malay Rubber
Estates Ltd. (1924-25) 5 FMSLR 86
Suatu estet tlh digadaikan, pengadai gagal bayar hutang, brg dlm estet
hdk dijual/dilelong
Q:Adakah jentera2 sebahagian dari tanah? Kerana ia lekat pada lantai
dgn bolts & nuts
Hakim merujuk kes Holland v Hodgson
Blackburn J : an article which is affixed to the land even slightly is to
be considered part of the land unless the circumstances as such as to
show it was intended all along as a chattel the onus lying on those who
contend that it is chattel
75. SHELL CO. LTD V COMMISSIONER OF FEDERAL
CAPITAL OF KUALA LUMPUR (1964) 30 MLJ 302
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
tangki
pump pump
Jarak
2 kaki
Ditutup
dengan tar
Petrol
station
76. ADAKAH TANGKI MINYAK YG DITANAM DLM
TANAH ADALAH SEBAHAGIAN DARI TANAH?
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
• Tangki minyak adalah
sebahagian dari tanah
kerana ia sebahagian dari
penikmatan keseluruhan
premis.
• Perlekatan tangki bertujuan
utk kekal selagi stesen
minyak ada di situ
77. SOCFIN LTD V CHAIRMAN KLANG TOWN
COUNCIL (1964) 30 MLJ 325
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Concrete
platform
78. DISPUTE - NATURE OF THE ABOVE GROUND STORAGE TANKS
CONSISTING OF CYLINDERS - RESTING ON PRE-CAST
CONCRETE PILLARS STANDING ON A REINFORCED CONCRETE
RAFT FOUNDATION - TO STORE PALM OIL
➢Ong J
• No doubt that the tanks are sited on the holding to
improve the land and for its better use and
enjoyment.
• Indeed the object and purpose of having the holding
at the wharfside is to have storage tanks there for
easy loading of the company’s oil on ships.
• I am satisfied, therefore, that these storage tanks are
annexed to the land so as to form part of the land.
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
79. ESSO MALAYSIA BHD. V HILLS AGENCY
(M) SDN. BHD. & ORS (1994) 1 MLJ 740
• Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa hakikat semata-mata
pemasangan fizikal bukanlah fakta muktamad utk
menyifatkan sesuatu benda sebagai lekapan, apa yg lebih
penting adalah tujuan aneksasi dan bukannya cara
aneksasi.
• Memandangkan bagaimana berbagai jenis jentera itu
digunakan, jelas ditunjukkan bahawa loji itu adalah sesuatu
pemasangan tetap kpd tanah itu, dan oleh itu membentuk
sebahagian drp tanah itu.
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
83. ➢ BANGUNAN YG TERBABIT ADALAH RUMAH
KAYU MELAYU YG DIBINA DI ATAS TIANG2
DIPUTUSKAN SEBAGAI CHATTEL
PERSENDIRIAN
➢ MAHKAMAH DLM KES INI BERGANTUNG KPD 2
FAKTOR:-
✓ i. tujuan tuanpunya bangunan tersebut utk mengambil kembali
rumah tersebut dan membina semula
✓ ii.Adat resam org2 Negeri Sembilan yg sentiasa berpindah dan
memindah rumah2 mereka dari satu tempat ke tempat yg lain
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
84. K I A H B T H A N A P I A H V S O M B T
H A N A P I A H ( 1 9 5 3 ) M L J 8 2
➢ DI MANA TELAH DIPUTUSKAN
OLEH MAHKAMAH BAHAWA
RUMAH MELAYU YG DIBINA DI
ATAS TIANG2 DAN TDK DITANAM
DI DLM TANAH ADALAH HARTA
BOLEH ALIH
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
85. TRADE & TENANCY FIXTURE
•Benda2 yg dilekatkan bagi maksud commerce
pada tanah/domestik/perhiasan walaupun benda
berada dlm keadaan seakan2 kekal tapi masih
dibenarkan dikeluarkan drp premis jika
dilekatkan oleh penyewa dgn syarat ia mesti
dikeluarkan setelah tempuh sewa tamat dan
dlm tempuh yg munasabah
Dr Mazliza Mohamad
87. KONSEP HARTA
• Apakah yang dimaksudkan sebagai harta?
• Ada harta alih (movable); ada pula harta tak alih
(immovable).
• Ada pula harta sebenar (real property) ada pula harta
persendirian (personal).
• Ada pula ownership (pemilikan) ada pula possession
(keempunyaan).
• Hak-hak ini boleh bersifat legal boleh bersifat
equitable.
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
90. The structure of land administration in Malaysia
First level
• The politico-administrative level
• Parliament
• Cabinet of Ministers
• NationalAction Council
Second level National
Development
Planning
Committee
(NDPC)
• National Land Council
(NLC)
• National Finance
Council
• Federal and State
Government
Third level
Federal Ministries and various autonomous bodies
responsible for preparing and proposing strategies and
programmes.
Fourth level
• State/FederalTerritory
• LocalAuthority
Art 91 FC:
NLC
consisting
Minister,
one rep
from each
States
(appointed
by Ruler or
YDPN and
reps from
govt.)
Any land
policies
made by
NLC are to
be followed
by all states
except Sbh
& Swak.Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
Formulate-
political,
socio-
economic &
administrative
policies
91. Minister in charge:
Ministry of Natural
Resources and
Environment (NRE)
• Department of Environment
• Dept of Minerals and Geoscience
• Peninsular Malaysia Forestry
Dept
• Dept of Survey and Mapping
• Dept of Wildlife and National
Parks
• Dept of Irrigation and DrainageDept of Director General of Lands
and Mines
Established to perform functions &
exercises administrative directions
under several statutesNLC
1965
NLC (Penang
and Malacca
Titles) Act
1963
Strata Titles
Act 1985
The Malay Reservations
Enactments
Town and Country Planning
Act 1976
Local Government Act
1976
Federal Territory
Planning Act
1982
LandAcquisition Act 1960
The
State
Land
Rules
The
Environmental
QualityAct 1974
Sabah Land Ordinance
Swak Land CodeDr. Mazliza Mohamad
92. s. 40 KTN - Terletakhak hanya kepada
PBN/State Authority
Semua tanah
kerajaan dlm
wilayah Negeri
Semua galian dan
bahan batuan dlm
atau atas tanah
dlm Negeri yang
hak belum
dilupuskan
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
93. Siapa itu PBN?
S. 5 KTN
Raja atau Gavernor
Negeri – mengikut
mana-mana yang sesuai
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
94. Lebbey Sdn Bhd v Chong Wooi Leong & Anor and other Applications
(1998) 5 MLJ 368
• The plaintiff was the registered proprietor of a piece of land which was previously owned by the
Selangor State Authority which had approved the plaintiff's application for alienation of the land.
• At the time of the alienation, there were many houses built on the land occupied by squatter
families. The plaintiff planned to develop the land and by its notice to quit demanded the
defendants to vacate the land.
• The defendants refused to vacate the land and the plaintiff commenced proceedings against the
defendants.
• The defendants argued that: (i) they had acquired a right in equity to be compensated; (ii) the
plaintiff, taking the land with full knowledge of the defendants occupying the land, took the land
subject to the defendants' equity; (iii) although the defendants had entered the state land without
consent or licence, they had peaceful enjoyment and occupation without interference by the state
authorities. It was argued that a district officer allowed them to rebuild their houses on the land
after a fire and a committee of residents had applied for a temporary occupation licence based on
promises by politicians that they would be given temporary occupation licence. It was argued that
an equitable estoppel arose, and the plaintiff who succeeded the state authority in title could not
be entitled to possession until the equity of the defendants had been satisfied; and (iv) promissory
estoppel arose from the acquiescence or implied consent of the state authority to the defendants'
occupation of the land.
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
95. Abdul Wahab J
there is an essential distinction between the term state
authority as defined under the National Land Code 1965
(“NLC”) and state authorities in the ordinary sense.
State Authority under the NLC is defined, for the State of
Selangor, as the Ruler. For practical purposes, this means the
Ruler acting upon the recommendation of the Exco of the state.
The state government, let alone any Minister, Exco member
or politician has nothing to do with the proceedings under the
NLC, which recognises only the state authority.
The district officer is unknown to the
NLC.
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
96. "State Authority" means the Ruler or Governor
of the State, as the case may be;Definition??
Section 5 – Ruler or Governor
Read with Para 1 Schedule 8 – act on
advice of the State Executive Council
Ruler acting upon the recommendation of the Exco of the State
Lebbey Sdn Bhd v Chong Wooi Leong [1998] 5 MLJ 368
Issue: whether state officials constitute ‘State Authority’?
Held: Justice Abdul Wahab – SA under the Code is defined, for the
purpose of the State of Selangor, as the Ruler. Even the state
government, let alone any Minister, Exco member or politician, elected or
not, as such has nothing to do with the Code.
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
98. s.5 NLC
• "State land" means all land in the State (including so
much of the bed of any river, and of the foreshore and
bed of the sea, as is within the territories of the State or
the limits of territorial waters) other than-
• (a) alienated land;
• (b) reserved land;
• (c) mining land;
• (d) any land which, under the provisions of any law
relating to forests (whether passed before or after the
commencement of this Act) is for the time being
reserved forest;
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
99. Secara ringkas
• Semua tanah-tanah dalam wilayah
Negeri yang tidak diberimilik kepada
pihak individu adalah hakmilik PBN
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
101. The Concept of STATE LAND
STATE
LAND
(minerals)
STATE LAND
(land)
STATE LAND
(rocks)
RESERVED
LAND
ALIENATED
LAND
RESERVED
FOREST
MINING LAND
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
102. Powers of
Disposal
s. 42 – State
Authority
shall have
power
s. 42(1)(a)
To alienate State land –s.76
s.42(1)(b)
To reserve State land & grant lease of reserved
land – Chap. 1 Part 4 – s.62-64
s.42(1)(c)
To permit the occupation of State land, reserved
land and mining land under temporary occupation
license issued – Chap. 2 Part 4 – s.65-69
s. 42(1)(d)
To permit extraction and removal of rock material
from any land other than reserved forest – Chap. 3
Part 4 – s. 70-75
s.42(1)(e)
To permit the use of air space on or above State land or
reserved land – Chap. 4 Part 4 – s. 75A-75GDr. Mazliza Mohamad
103. General
power
of SA
Property
(harta kerajaan)
Disposal
(pelupusan)
Reversion
(pengembalian )
s.
42(1)
s. 43
s. 433A
Alienation
(Pemberimilikan) s. 76
Reservation of State Land
(Perizaban Tanah) s. 62
Temporary Occupation
of Land (Pendudukan
sementara tanah) s. 65
Extraction and Removal of
Rock (Pemindahan bahan
batuan) s. 70
Use of Airspace
(Penggunaan ruang udara)
s.7
RESTRICTIONS
S.42(2)(a) – (d)
Expiry of lease
99yrs – s. 76(a)
Non-payment of
rent – s. 100
Breach of
conditions –
s.127(1)(a) &
s.129(4)(c)
The death of registered
proprietor without
successors
Upon the
surrender of title
s. 46 (2)
s.
46(1)(a)-
(d)
TOL holder died or
dissolved under the
law – s. 46(3)
s. 47 –no
compensation
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
104. Kepada siapa tanah boleh dilupuskan?
s.43
KTN
Manusia
selain
daripada
remaja
Perbadanan-
perbadanan
yang
mempunyai
kuasa di bawah
perlembagaan
mereka untuk
memegang
tanah
Raja-raja
pemerintah,
kerajaan, organisasi
dan lain-lain org yg
diberi kuasa utk
memegang di bawah
peruntukan-
peruntukan
Diplomatic Privileges
(Vienna Convention)
Act 1966 [Act 636],
the International
Organizations
(Privileges and
Immunities) Act
1992 [Act 485] and
the Consular
Relations (Vienna
Convention) Act
1999 [Act 595]
Badan-
badan yang
diberi kuasa
secara nyata
untuk
pegang
tanah di
bawah
mana-mana
undang-
undang
bertulis lain
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
105. Sekatan-sekatan
terhadap
warganegara asing
& syarikat asing
Bahagian
33(A) KTN
s. 433A
KTN
Sebuah syarikat asing
sebagaimana yang
diiktiraf di bawah s. 4(1)
Akta Syarikat 1965
Orang yang bukan
warganegara
Seorang sebenar yang
bukan warganegara
Malaysia
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
107. s. 62:
Power of
reservation
of State
land
Notification in
the Gazette
‘public
purpose’
s. 62(2) a. Describe the land
b. Purpose why the land is
reserved.
c. Name of public officer
in-charge
Published in
accordance
with the s. 433
Penghulu office/balai
/mosque/markets
/newspaper
s. 62(2)
d. Conclusive evidence for
a public purpose.
-Examples: public schools, hospitals, police
station, stadium.
s.5 NLC -
Malay Reserved Land,
Aboriginal Reserves,
Wild life
Reserve/Forest
Reserve.
Not included
s. 63- in the event reserved land NOT use for the
purpose of it being reserved:-
lease to any other person/body for not exceeding
21 yrs; Form 4E with conditionss. 92E – upon lease of
reserved land under s.63,
State Authority specify
s. 92F
a. Depth of the
stratum/underground
land
b. Stipulate Conditions;
Lease of underground land
below reserved land
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
108. s. 64:
Revocation
Reservation
s. 64(1):
by State
Authority
▪ Revoked at any time
• The whole land or any part/ parts thereof.
s. 64 (2):
how?
Published in the Gazette
Enquiry will be held to investigate
the proposal (revocation notice)
by the State
Director
Revoke
Notice
published
Affecting
lease as well
-Proposal received
-Observations
-Actions based
proposal
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
109. SUMMARY
Reservation
of Land
Powers
S.42(1)(b)
For Public
purpose
S.62(1)
s. 62
Power of
reservation
+
procedure
s. 64
Revocation of
reservation
s. 63
Power to
lease
reserved
land
max.21 years onlys. 63(1)
If leased out
s.64(4)
Continue in force
notwithstanding the
revocation
Follow
revocation
procedure
s. 64 (2)
mandatory
Kes :
Yap Chong
Lan
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
111. TEMPORARY
OCCUPATION
LICENCE
➢TOL is a licence or permission to occupy
land within a temporary period.
➢It is not an ownership or a lease.
➢It is limited in terms of time that is valid
only in the year it is issued, and will
expire on December 31 every year,
unless it is terminated earlier by PBN.
➢It is also limited in terms of the
enjoyment and land use.
➢licencee has no right to transfer, to
inherit to other person.
➢PBN may also limit its use by imposing
conditions on the licence
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
112. ❖Rights are limited : -
✓Time
✓Purpose
❖It expires annually
unless the licence is
revoke by State
Authority
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
113. ❖If there is no licence, the
person occupying the land
will be a trespasser or
illegal squatters
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
114. S.65 NLC
➢State Authority may permit the
TOL under licence of :-
✓State land
✓Mining land not for the time being
used for the purposes of mining
✓Reserved land not for the time
being used for the purposes for
which it was reserved
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
115. S.67(1) NLC
▪Every TOL other than one to which
Sec. 69 applies (that is to say, a
TOL combined with a permit to
extract and remove rock material)
shall be issued for a term expiring
not later than the end of the
calendar year in which it commerce
and subject to subsection (3) may
be renewed annually.
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
116. S.67(3) NLC
▪Licence shall be renewed for a term
of not more than one calendar year
▪Proviso
Shall NOT be more than 3
renewals UNLESS a prior written
approval of the State Authority
has been obtained
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
117. S.68 NLC
TOL not capable
of transfer or
transmission on
death
▪TOL
automatically be
terminated on
the death of the
licencee
▪TOL cannot be
dealt with or
inherited
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
118. S. 69 -
COMBINED
TOL AND
PERMIT TO
EXTRACT
AND
REMOVAL
OF ANY
ROCK
MATERIAL
➢S. 69 combined TOL and
permit to extract and removal
of any rock material
OTHERWISE than for the
purpose of obtaining metal
and mineral therefrom
➢a maximum term not
exceeding 5 years or such
greater number of years as
may be prescribed.
➢Form 4B
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
119. TOL merely confers an exclusive possessory
right to the land and the things thereon but not
proprietary right/ownership
▪Same land can be issued TOL to 2 different
parties
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
▪Mohamed v Kunji Mohidin (1966) 2 MLJ
24;(1967) 1 MLJ 96
120. ➢TOL holder who is in possession of
the land can maintain an action for
ejectment (pengusiran) against a
trespasser
➢If TOL expires, TOL holders still
occupying the land, may be charged
under s.425 NLC - illegal occupation
of state land
➢Julaika Bivi v Mydin (1961) MLJ 310
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
121. TOL incapable of assignment
➢Do not prevent TOL holder from
renting out the house erected on the
land
➢TOL holder may deal with his
licence in any way whatsoever to the
extent that it does not lead to the
assignment of the licence
➢If the TOL holder sells the house,
the transaction is illegal and void
▪Hee Cheng v Krishnan (1955) 21
MLJ 103
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
122. THE RIGHT TO
RENT/LEASE
The court allows TOL holders to
lease the premises or buildings
built on TOL land.
➢ Govindaraju lwn Krishnan
[1962] MLJ 334
➢Tindok Besar Estate Sdn Bhd
lwn Tinjar Co. [1979] 2 MLJ
229
123. TOL expires or ends with death
of the TOL holders
▪Papoo v Veeriah (1965) 1 MLJ
127
▪Fatimah v Moideen Kutty (1968)
1 MLJ 3; (1969) 1 MLJ 72
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
124. ➢Revocation or termination of
licence:
✓whether the holder is entitled to
compensation on any
improvement made on land?
❖TOL holder is not entitled to any
compensation
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
125. THE RIGHT TO RENEW
THE LICENCE
➢Similar to the granting of the TOL, the renewal
of licence is also subject to the discretion of the
State Authority.
➢TOL holder does not have the absolute right to
the renewal of the licence.
Tea Bee v K. Maruthamuthu [1977] 2 MLJ 7
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
127. s.5 NLC
• Any rock, stone, gravel, common
sand, common earth, common
laterite, loam, common clay, soil,
mud, turf, peat, coral, shell, and any
other rock materials within or upon
any land, and includes processed
materials therefrom, other than
minerals defined under any written
law relating to mining which is for
the time being in force
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
128. s. 70 NLC
• Permit the extraction, removal and
transportation of any rock material
(otherwise than for the purpose of
obtaining metal and mineral therefrom)
from :-
• State land/Tanah
kerajaan
• Alienated
land/Tanah
berimilik
• Mining
land/Tanah
lombong
• Reserved
land/Tanah rezab
129. Who has the power to issue
the permit?
• S. 71(1) NLC
• (a) State land- Land Administrator/Pentadbir tanah
• (b)Alienated land – Land Administrator
• (c)Mining land – Land Administrator with
approval of Director of Mines or
other officer in charged
• (d) Reserved land – Land Administrator with
approval of the officer in control
- officer authorised on that behalf
by State Authority
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
130. To whom can the
permit be given?
•S. 43 KTN
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
131. Alienated land:-
•Permit is given to
a land owner
•Or someone else
with the consent
of the land owner
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
133. s. 72 NLC
•Permit shall be in Form 4C
•Expiration- the permit ceases
even if the amount of rock
materials specified therein has not
been extracted, removed and
transported at that time
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
134. s. 69 NLC
•Permit with TOL
•Period of not more
than 5 years/a term
longer as specified
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
135. s. 426 NLC
• If permit holder remains occupied after expiry: -
➢A fine of RM500,000
➢Prison is not more than 5 years; or both
• also guilty of as a trespasser
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
136. s. 426A NLC
➢(1) Any police officer not below the rank of Inspector,
Registrar, Land Administrator, Settlement Officer or
other officer duly aunthorised by the State Authority
may without warrant:-
• (aa) stop and examine any vehicle, tractor or any other
thing whatsoever he has reason to believe was used or
is being used in the commission of an offence under
that section
• (6) any person who fails to cooperate with the
authorized officer in the exercise of his power under
subsection (1) commits an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding
RM5,000.00, or to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding 6 months, or both
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
137. s. 73 NLC
Permit can not be
transferred/transmitted on death of
the licencee
139. s. 74 NLC
• Deposit any amount of money as
consider reasonable as security
• Due performance and
observance of the provisions to
which the permit is subjected;
and
• The rehabilitation of the land to
which the permit relates upon
the termination thereof
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
140. s. 75 NLC
• Implementation of the permit
shall not be taken to constitute
a breach of any condition to
which the land to which the
permit relates is for the time
being subject, whether by
virtue of the NLC, of any
written law relating to mining,
or of any other written law
Dr. Mazliza Mohamad
143. Seksyen 44
(1)(a)KTN
Hak menggunakan dan menikmati secara eksklusif
seluas mana ruang udara di atas permukaan tanah
dan seluas mana tanah dipermukaan itu, setakat yang
perlu dan munasabah untuk penggunaan dan
penikmatan tanah itu.
Can an owner of a land
sue an airplane or a
helicopter that flew in
the airspace of his
land? Is this trespass?
144. Contoso Ltd.
○ Pemunya tanah boleh mendakwa mana-mana pihak yang
menceroboh ruang udaranya.
○ Walaupun seluruh udara di atas tanah pada dasarnya adalah
hak eksklusif pemunya, namun ia tidak boleh mendakwa
kapal terbang atau helikopter yang melalui di dalam
sempadan tanahnya sewenang-wenangnya.
○ S. 44 KTN memperuntukan bahawa hak penikmatan tanah
itu adalah setakat ‘yang perlu dan munasabah’ sahaja.
HAK MENGGUNAKAN
RUANG UDARA
Tidak mutlak- tertakluk kepada syarat
bahawa penggunaan itu setakat yang
perlu dan munasabah.
Dr Nadia Aziz
3
145. Contoso Ltd.
1
Tiada sebarang tindakan
undang-undang boleh
diambil atas kesalahan
menceroboh atau kacau
ganggu
2
Ke atas penerbangan kapal
terbang pada ketinggian
yang munasabah dengan
mengambilkira faktor
keadaan angin, cuaca, dan
segala keadaan sekeliling &
menurut peraturan yang
ditetapkan
3
Pengecualian kepada hak
penikmatan ruang udara
ini dibuat bagi
mengimbangi di antara
kepentingan individu dan
kepentingan masyarakat
Dr Nadia Aziz
4
SEKSYEN19 (1) AKTA PENERBANGAN
AWAM 1969
146. Contoso Ltd.
LacroixvTheQueen[1954]4DLR470(Kanada)
Seorang pemunya tanah menuntut gantirugi dari kerajaan kerana
pembinaan laluan udara di atas tanah kepunyaannya.
Mahkamah:
Tuntutan mesti ditolak .
Gagal
membuktikan
Tiada gangguan ke atas
hak penggunaan tanah
Kenapa?
Pemunya tanah gagal
membuktikan kehilangan apa-
apa hak terhadap hartanya
akibat dari kewujudan laluan itu
Mahkamah
berpendapat
Hak ke atas laluan udara
terhad setakat
kemampuan pemilik
tanah menggunakannya
bagi tujuan penggunaan
dan penikmatan
tanahnya
Dr Nadia Aziz
5
147. Contoso Ltd.
Swetland V Curtis
Airports Corporation
[ 1932] 55 f 2nd 201
(Amerika)
Defendan beli tanah
untuk membina lapangan
terbang.
P: bina lapangan terbang akan jejaskan kemungkinan
tanah untuk dibangunkan sebagai kawasan perumahan.
M: Kapal terbang lalu ruang udara tidak boleh dianggap
sebagai pencerobohan.
Defendan boleh membina lapangan terbang tetapi tidak
boleh membinanya di satu tempat di mana operasinya
yang biasa akan menghalang plaintif daripada
menggunakan dan menikmati tanahnya.
REMEDI : kacau ganggu, bukan pencerobohan.
Dr Nadia Aziz
6
148. Contoso Ltd.
PBN boleh
meluluskan
pengeluaran Permit
Ruang Udara
(Borang 4D KTN)
untuk tempoh tidak
melebihi 21 tahun.
Tujuan permit ini dikeluarkan
adalah untuk mendirikan,
menyelenggara dan
menduduki binaan di atas
Tanah Kerajaan atau Tanah
Rizab, atau melintasi (over)
Tanah Kerajaan atau Tanah
Rizab sebagai sambungan
kepada mana‐mana binaan
yang terletak di atas tanah
yang bersebelahan.
Bagi pengeluaran
Permit Ruang Udara di
atas atau melintasi
Tanah Rizab, kebenaran
pegawai pengawal rizab
tersebut perlulah
diperolehi terlebih
dahulu.
Pemegang permit
mempunyai hak
terhadap ruang udara
yang disempadani oleh
binaan itu sahaja.
7
Dr Nadia Aziz
PERMIT PENGGUNAAN RUANG UDARA
149. Contoso Ltd.
Permohonan permit ruang
udara hendaklah
menggunakan Borang 4D
KTN 1965
Disertakan dengan :
(i) apa‐apa fee yang ditetapkan;
(ii) butiran lengkap mengenai binaan yang dicadang
hendak didirikandan disenggarakan;
(iii) pelan binaan yang telah diluluskan oleh Pihak
Berkuasa Perancang;
(iv) bagi kes yang melibatkan tanah Rizab, surat
kebenaran daripada pegawai pengawal Rizab tersebut.
Permit boleh dikeluarkan kepada
mana‐mana orang atau badan di
bawah Sek. 43 KTN dan juga
seperti peruntukan lain yang
sama sebagaimana kepada LPS
Setelah permohonan Permit
Ruang Udara diluluskan oleh
PBN, Pentadbir Tanah hendaklah
mengeluarkan Permit di dalam
Borang 4D bagi pihak PBN.
8
Dr Nadia Aziz
PERMOHONAN PERMIT RUANG UDARA
150. Contoso Ltd.
Bayaran tahunan yang
ditentukan oleh PBN
Apa‐apa terma dan syarat yang
akan dinyatakan oleh PBN
Bayaran deposit atau jaminan
dalam bentuk lain bagi
memastikan pemegang permit
akan mematuhi syarat‐syarat
yang ditentukan.
Tamat tempoh pada tarikh yang
ditetapkan
Boleh digunakan hanya untuk
mendiri dan menyelenggara
binaan seperti yang dibenarkan
oleh Permit
Tidak boleh diserahhak kecuali
setelah mendapat kelulusan
PBN
Boleh dibatalkan pada bila‐bila
masa tanpa apa‐apa pampasan
apabila perlanggaran
peruntukan yang ditetapkan ke
atasnya dilakukan;
Boleh dibatalkan pada bila‐bila
masa sebelum tamat tempoh
dengan membayar pampasan
yang dipersetujui atau yang
ditetapkan mengikut
peruntukan Sek. 434 KTN.
9
Dr Nadia Aziz
SYARAT‐SYARAT PERMIT RUANG UDARA
151. Contoso Ltd.
KES-KESBERKENAAN RUANGUDARA
○ • Hakim Fournier J: Adalah pada pendapat saya bhw
seorang pemilik tanah punyai hak yg terhad terhdp
ruang udara di atas hartanahnya; ianya terhad kpd apa
yg boleh dimiliki dan gunakan bagi maksud penggunaan
dan pemilikan tanah kepunyaannya. Dgn bina
bangunanatau pembinaan lain, pemilik tak ambilmilikan
ruang udara, malah satukan sesuatu di atas tanah
kepunyaannya. Ini yg telah terlekat kpd tanahmenjd
sebahagian drp tanah dan juga parcel kpd tanah
○ • Dengan merujuk kes ini dan membacanya bersama s.
19 Akta Penerbangan Awam 1969, adalah jelas bahawa
hak posesi eksklusif pihak kpd siapa tanah telah
dilupuskan adalah terhad.
Dr Nadia Aziz
10
○ Walaupun hak terhadap ruang udara adalah terhad,
namun Mahkamah akan mengambil keputusan yg serius
terhadap sesiapa yang menceroboh ruang udara seorang
pemilik tanah dan ini jelas diilustrasikan dalam kes ini.
○ • Mahkamah Rayuan: Pemilik tanah mempunyai hak
eksklusif penggunaan tanahnya dan ruang udara di
atasnya, danMahkamah tidak akan teragak-agak untuk
memberi injunksi kekal kpd penceroboh tanah dan juga
ruang udara di atasnya.
Prinsip Lacroix vThe Queen
ChenYuen (F) v Angkasamas Sdn Bhd [2003] 4 MLJ 365
157. TREYresearch
APAITUPEMBERIMILIKAN?
s. 76-92 Kanun Tanah Negara
Pemberian tanah oleh
PBN kepada mana-mana
individu@badan
Kerajaan Persekutuan
memerlukan
PBN berpuashati tanah
untuk kegunaan awam
PBN berpuashati ada
keadaan khas yang
memerlukan pemberian
selama-lamanya
Pemberimilikan
bertempoh (99 tahun )
Pemberimilikan untuk
selama-lamanya
3
Leasehold Freehold
158. TREYresearch
4
Pemberimilikan secara pegangan pajakan atau pegangan
sementara adalah satu-satunya bentuk pemberimilikan yang
biasa dibuat kepada individu atau perbadanan selepas pindaan
kepada KTN semenjak 25 Mac 1985.
Mengurangkan tanggungan kerajaan akibat pembayaran
pampasan yang tinggi apabila berlaku pengambilan balik
tanah.
Seksyen 5 KTN menjelaskan bahawa “berimilik” ertinya melupuskan tanah
Kerajaan untuk selama‐lamanya atau untuk satu tempoh beberapa tahun,
sebagai balasan kepada pembayaran cukai sewa, dan selainnya selaras
dengan peruntukan-peruntukan seksyen 76 atau, apabila digunakan
berhubung dengan tempoh sebelum berkuatkuasanya Akta ini, melupuskan
tanah Kerajaan untuk selama‐lamanya atau untuk satu tempoh beberapa
tahun di bawah undang‐undang tanah terdahulu (yang bukan merupakan
undang‐undang yang berkaitan perlombongan).
159. TREYresearch
PEGANGANSEMENTARA
Perlu kembalikan tanah kepada PBN
Seksyen 46 Perkembalian, dll., kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri.
• (a) setelah tamatnya tempoh (jika ada) yang ditetapkan
dalam dokumen hakmilik
• (b) setelah suatu notis disiarkan dalam Warta di
bawah seksyen 130 (penyitaan)
• (c) dalam keadaan-keadaan yang disebut dalam
seksyen 351 dan 352(yang masing-masingnya berkait dengan
kematian seorang tuanpunya tanpa waris, dan peninggalan
hakmilik oleh tuanpunya); dan
• (d) setelah diserahkannya balik selaras dengan peruntukan-
peruntukan Bahagian Dua Belas;
dan mana-mana bahagian tanah berimilik yang terjejas oleh
perkautan laut atau mana-mana sungai hendaklah kembali dan
terletakhak kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri selaras dengan seksyen 49.
Seksyen 47 Bangunan akan diletakhakkan kepada Pihak
Berkuasa Negeri atas perkembalian, dll.
(1) Apabila berlakunya perkembalian mana-mana tanah berimilik kepada
Pihak Berkuasa, Negeri, atau penentuan mana-mana pajakan tanah rizab,
atau mana-mana lesen atau permit yang dikeluarkan oleh Pihak Berkuasa
Negeri mengenai mana-mana tanah di bawah Akta ini atau mana-mana
undang-undang bertulis terdahulu, maka hendaklah, tertakluk kepada
subseksyen (3); terletakhak kepada Pihak Berkuasa Negeri semua
bangunan di atas tanah itu (yang dibina oleh sesiapa jua) selain dari apa-
apa binaan sementara dan yang boleh dipindahkan.
(2) Tertakluk kepada subseksyen (3), tiada pampasan akan kena dibayar
oleh Pihak Berkuasa Negeri berkenaan dengan mana-mana bangunan yang
terletakhak kepadanya menurut seksyen ini.
(3) Peruntukan-peruntukan subsubseksyen (1) dan (2) akan mempunyai
kesan tertakluk kepada apa-apa peruntukan sebaliknya dalam dokumen
hakmilik mengenai tanah yang dipersoalkan atau mengikut mana-mana
yang berkenaan, mengenai pajakan, lesen atau permit yang dipersoalkan
itu.
5
160. TREYresearch
Seksyen76KanunTanahNegara
Pemberimilikan di bawah KTN hendaklah merupakan pelupusan tanah Kerajaan oleh PBN
• a) untuk tempoh tidak
melebihi 99 tahun; atau
b) untuk tempoh
selama‐lamanya; di mana –
• i. Kerajaan Persekutuan
menghendaki PBN
memberi untuk selama-
lamanya kepada Kerajaan
Persekutuan atau kepada
sesuatu Pihak Berkuasa
Awam;
• ii. PBN berpuashati
bahawa tanah itu akan
digunakan bagi maksud
awam;
• iii. PBN berpuashati bahawa
terdapat keadaan‐keadaan
istimewa yang
membuatnya sesuai
dilupuskan untuk
selama‐lamanya.
• c) sebagai balasan pembayaran cukai tahunan;
• d) sebagai balasan bayaran premium
(melainkan sesuai dikecualikan);
• e) tertakluk kepada suatu kategori kegunaan
tanah (jika dikenakan);
• f) tertakluk kepada apa‐apa syarat dan sekatan
kepentingan yang dikenakan oleh PBN.
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161. TREYresearch
JENIS –JENIS PEMBERIMILIKAN
7
Tanah Daratan
•PBN boleh memberimilik tanah pesisir pantai dan dasar laut dalam bentuk pajakan tidak
melebihi 99 tahun.
•Hakmilik didaftarkan dalam bentuk hakmilik Pejabat Pendaftar.
•Syarat‐syarat “mutatis mutandis” peruntukan pemberimilikan tanah daratan.
Tanah Pesisir
Pantai dan
Dasar Laut
•Pada 23 Februari 1990 melalui Akta A752 peruntukan Bahagian 5A KTN bertajuk “Pelupusan Tanah Di
Bawah Paras Bumi” merangkumi Sek. 92A hingga 92I telah diperkenalkan di mana melalui peruntukan ini
tanah di bawah paras bumi diberimilik dalam bentuk lapisan isipadu (Panjang x Lebar x Tinggi) yang
dikenali sebagai stratum.
•Peruntukan ini membolehkan sebidang tanah diberimilik secara stratum berlapis‐lapis kepada beberapa
pemilik yang berasingan.
•Peruntukan KTN mengenai pemberimilikan tanah adalah terpakai “mutatis mutandis” kepada
pemberimilikan tanah di bawah bumi
Tanah di bawah
Paras Bumi
(Stratum)
162. TREYresearch
TEMPOHPEMBERIMILIKAN
Seksyen 76 KTN memperuntukkan bahawa tempoh pemberimilikan adalah:
99 tahun
Selama-lamanya
Dr Ti Teow Siew & Ors v Pendaftar Geran-Geran Tanah Negeri Selangor [1982] 1 MLJ 38
8
Bila ia
bermula?
The effective date of alienation of land is that of registration of the title to the land and not that
of approval by the State Authority
Sec 78
NLC
163. TREYresearch
PENENTUANSEMASAKELULUSAN
• PBN semasa meluluskan pemberimilikan hendaklah menentukan:
Add a footer 9
Keluasan tanah yang
diluluskan;
Tempoh pegangan
tanah;
Jenis hakmilik
muktamad
Kadar cukai tahunan;
Kadar premium (jika
dikenakan);
Kategori pengunaan
tanah (jika dikenakan);
Syarat nyata dan
sekatan kepentingan
(jika dikenakan).
164. TREYresearch
KELAYAKANUNTUKPEMBERIMILIKAN
Syarat Seksyen 43 KTN:
Manusia biasa
yang cukup umur
(menurut Age of
Majority Act
1971).
Perbadanan yang
diberi kuasa di
bawah
perlembagaannya
untuk memiliki
tanah
Raja pemerintah,
kerajaan, organisasi,
dan lain‐lain orang yang
diberi kuasa untuk
memegang tanah di
bawah “Diplomatic and
Consular Privilages
Ordinance, 1957
Badan‐badan yang
diberi kuasa secara
nyata untuk memegang
tanah di bawah
mana‐mana
undang‐undang bertulis
yang lain
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165. TREYresearch
PROSEDURPEMBERIMILIKAN
Permohonan oleh
individu atau badan
yang berminat
Penilaian daripada
pihak Pejabat Tanah @
Pejabat Pendaftar
Pemakluman kepada
pemohon
PBN ada pilhan untuk
memberikan
pemberimilikan terus
@ pemberimilikan
dengan LPS
LPS sebagai tempoh
percubaan untuk
menilai kesungguhan
pemohon
PBN setuju beri secara
penuh – notis
BORANG A (S.81&82
KTN)
Membuat bayaran –
bayaran yang perlu
BORANG 5A – Jelaskan
bayaran dalam tempoh
yang dinyatakan
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166. TREYresearch
BAYARANYANGKENADIBAYAR(S81KTN)
Jumlah yang kena
dibayar kepada
PBN oleh orang
atau badan yang
kepadanya
diluluskan
pemberimilikan
Cukai tanah
tahun
pertama
Premium
(jika
dikenakan)
Bayaran ukur
jika
pengukuran
akan dijalankan
oleh Pegawai
Ukur Kerajaan
Bayaran
penyediaan
dan
pendaftaran
hakmilik
sementara
dan hakmilik
tetap.
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Bayaran tersebut dituntut oleh PBN melalui Borang 5A
KTN dan jika tidak dijelaskan dalam tempoh yang
ditetapkan atau tempoh lanjutan yang dibenarkan maka
dengan sendirinya kelulusan pemberimilikan tersebut
luput.
Cukai tahun pertama ialah cukai yang
kena dibayar sebaik sahaja
pemberimilikan tanah yang diluluskan
dan dikira seperti berikut (Sek. 94 KTN):
Jika tanah diberimilik (didaftarkan
hakmilik) sebelum akhir bulan
September, cukai tahunan pertama
adalah bagi tahun dalam mana tanah itu
diberimilik.
Contoh:
Tanah diberimilik pada 15 Julai 2008,
cukai tahunan pertama kena dibayar
adalah untuk tahun 2008.
Jika tanah diberimilik selepas bulan
September, cukai tahun pertama adalah
cukai bagi tahun berikutnya.
Contoh:
Tanah diberimilik pada 15 November
1998, cukai tahun pertama kena
dibayar adalah untuk tahun 1999.
167. TREYresearch
NONCOMPLIANCEWITHTHESTATUTORYPROVISIONOFNLC
APPLICATION FOR ALIENATION – TEH BEE V K MARUTHAMUTHU [1977] 2 MLJ 7
Application for
alienation
Failed to pay
within stipulated
period
Application had
lapsed by reason
of Sec 81(2)
Ultra vires for
State Authority to
alienate the land
“Fresh Approval”
from the state
authority.
Question : Is the decision of this case is in line with NLC’s provision? 13
168. TREYresearch
PELUPUSANSELAINDARIPADAPEMBERIMILIKAN
Selain pemberimilikan,
KTN 1965 dalam Bahagian
4 menyenaraikan
bentuk‐bentuk pelupusan
lain yang boleh dibuat
oleh PBN. Pelupusan
selain daripada
pemberimilikan ini
adalah:
a. Perizaban
b. Lesen pendudukan
sementara
c. Pengalihan bahan
batuan
d. Permit ruang udara.
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169. TREYresearch
DOKUMENHAKMILIK
Dokumen yang membuktikan hak berdaftar seseorang pemunya tanah.
PERINGKAT AWAL
PENDAFTARAN
Dokumen hak milik
sementara
(Qualified Title)
Dokumen hak milik
muktamad/tetap
(Final Title)
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Maklumat penting berkaitan tanah:
- Geran@ pajakan
- Peringkat negeri mukim,
- Pelan tanah
- Keluasan
- Nombor lot
- dll
Diberikan sementara
menunggu proses pengukuran
dan penyediaan pelan bagi
menentukan kawasan sebenar
dan sempadan terperinci
Hanya boleh diberikan
selepas kawasan sebenar
dan sempadan terperinci
telah ditentukan dengan
jelas
170. TREYresearch
HAKMILIKMUKTAMAD
• Hak milik yang dibuat melalui Pejabat Pengarah
Tanah dan Galian di peringkat negeri.
• Jenis ini untuk : Tanah bandar, tanah pekan, lot
tanah desa melebihi 4 hektar & bahagian pinggir
laut dan dasar laut.
HAK MILIK
PEJABAT
PENDAFTAR
(Registry Title)
• Hak milik yang dibuat melalui Pejabat Tanah di
peringkat Daerah.
• Jenis ini untuk: mana-mana lot tanah desa yang
tidak melebihi 4 hektar, tertakluk kepada
ketetapan PBN dan peruntukan s.11 Akta Tanah
(Kawasan Penempatan Berkelompok) 1960
HAK MILIK
PEJABAT TANAH
(Land Office Title)
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171. TREYresearch
DOKUMENHAKMILIK
GERAN
Borang 5B – tanah
pegangan kekal di
bawah hak milik
Pejabat
Pendaftaran
PAJAKAN NEGERI
Borang 5C – tanah
pegangan
sementara di bawah
hak milik Pejabat
Pendaftaran
GERAN MUKIM
Borang 5D- tanah
pegangan kekal di
bawah hak milik
Pejabat Tanah
PAJAKAN MUKIM
Borang 5E – tanah
pegangan
sementara di bawah
hak milik Pejabat
Tanah
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172. TREYresearch
JENIS HAK MILIK KOD
1 Geran Geran Dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat Tanah
2 Pajakan Negeri PN
Hakmilik tetap yang dikeluarkan oleh pejabat
pendaftar hakmilik negeri.
3 Geran Mukim GM Hakmilik tetap yang dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat Tanah.
4 Pajakan Mukim PM Hakmilik tetap yang dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat Tanah.
5
HakMilik
Sementara
Daerah HSD Dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat Pendaftaran Kerajaan Negeri.
6
HakMilik
Sementara
Mukim HSM
Dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat Tanah.
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173. TREYresearch
DOKUMENHAKMILIK
Mengikut tempat dokumen disimpan
DOKUMEN HAK MILIK DAFTARAN (REGISTERED DOCUMENT
OF TITLE)
• Dokumen hak milik yang disimpan di Pejabat
Pendaftaran atau Pejabat Tanah (S. 85-88)
DOKUMEN HAK MILIK KELUARAN (ISSUED DOCUMENT OF
TITLE)
• Dokumen hak milik yang dikeluarkan kepada
pemunya tanah untuk dipegang olehnya (S.85-90)
DOKUMEN HAK MILIK ADALAH SATU DOKUMEN MUKTAMAD DAN TIDAK BOLEH DISANGKAL 19
174. TREYresearch
TUTORIALQUESTIONS!
• QUESTION 1 (Group 1)
Discuss the case of Lacroix v The Queen [1954] 4 DLR 470
• QUESTION 2 (Group 2)
Farid is an owner of a land beside the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. He plans to do a housing development project on that
particular land. Nevertheless, his intention was canceled due to low demand. Farid thinks that this is due to the fact of the location near
the airport. Therefore, he wants to take legal action towards the airport and wants the court to give an order for the airport
management to remove the airways on his land as he claims it as trespassing. He also claimed damages for the trespassing all this while.
On top of that, he aslo claimed that the airport management had done private nuisance on his land. Advice Farouk.
• QUESTION 3 (Group 3 &4)
Nazri is a holder of a TOL on a piece of land in Kampung Sentosa. He held the TOL since 1978 and his licence had been renewed legally
every year since. On year 1995 and 1999, the Minister had verbally promised to give the ownership of the said land to Nazri. That
promised was published in a local newspaper. On 1st January 2001, PBN had renewed his TOL. Without Nazri’s knowledge, PBN had
approved the alienation of land to a woman named Hannah. PBN had then send a notice to Hannah through Form 5A dated 15 January
2001 demanding her to pay certain fees in a period of one (1) month. Unfortunately, Hannah failed to pay the amount demanded within
stipulated time and only paid the amount 6 months later. Putting aside the failure of Hannah to pay within stipulated period, PBN
accepted the payment and registered Hannah as the owner of the land on 1ST September 2001. On 2nd September 2001, Hannah asked
Nazri to vacant the land but Nazri refused to do so by claiming that the land is under his possession.
Advise Nazri- Group 3
Advice Hannah- Group 4
Add a footer 20
176. PENYITAAN
F O R F E I T U R E
U N DA N G - U N DA N G TA N A H I
U U U K 3 0 3 3
D R N A D I A A Z I Z
177. PENYITAAN
Proses
pengambilan
semula tanah atau
rampasan harta
• Maksud
Penyitaan
1) Kegagalan
membayar sewa
(S.100 KTN)
II) Pelanggaran syarat
(S.127(1)(a) KTN)
• Sebab
Penyitaan
- Kuasa menyita
terletak pada PBN
- Nama lain bagi
penyitaan :
Pelucuthakan
• Kuasa &
Nama
lain
Forfeiture is a power of the State
Authority to take back alienated
land from the registered proprietor
due to either non payment of rent
(s.100) or breach of conditions
(S.127(1)(a))
178. PENYITAAN
Tanah dirampas
Menjadi milik PBN
semula
Kepentingan pemilik
berdaftar sebelum ini
terbatal
Berbeza dengan peruntukan di bawah Akta
PengambilanTanah 1960:
Pemilik berhak terhadap pampasan bagi
harta yang diambil oleh PBNWhen land is forfeited, the land goes
back to the SA and the registered
proprietor is not entitled to
compensation (S.131 NLC)
179. PENYITAAN KERANA PERLANGGARAN
SYARAT
PERLANGGARAN
SYARAT
SYARAT NYATASYARAT TERSIRAT
Syarat yang ditulis dalam
dokumen hak milik
Syarat yang tidak dinyatakan dalam
Dokumen hakmilik,Tapi masih
mengikat S.114-S.117 KTN
S.103 nature of conditions
-conditions requiring
continuous performance
(S114), and conditions subject
to a fixed term (S115)As soon as the condition is not
complied with
180. PENYITAAN KERANA PERLANGGARAN
SYARAT
1.Apabila Perlanggaran Syarat berlaku:
- Notis dihantar kepada pemilik harta (S. 127 (1A) KTN)
2. Notis menuntut remedi terhadap perlanggaran syarat akan
dikeluarkan ( S.128 KTN)
3. Pentadbir Tanah akan jalankan siasatan sama ada hendak meneruskan
sita@ tidak.
- Pentadbir Tanah akan keluarkan satu notis (Borang 7B) ( S.129 KTN)
181. KES PERLANGGARAN SYARAT
Subject land was an
industrial lot in Skudai,JB
2 express conditions –
1. this land is to be used for
erection of a factory .
-2. this land is only for light
industry
Respondent company had
rented out the land to a
urea company that used a
portion of the land to store
industrial chemical and
fertilisers.
Issued form 7A (s128)- 1
month to remedy- failed-
issued form 7B (s129)-
show cause why the land
should not be forfeited
During enquiry, the
respondent admitted the
breach and asked for time
to evict the urea company-
3 months was given
Respondent brought action
for a declaration – saying
HC granted a declaration
saying that there must be a
special condition
prohibiting the use of land
as a store.
Collector appealed
Court allowed to appeal
There is no need for an
express condition to
prohibit the use of land as
store as it was stated that
the land is only for factory
and light industry
Express conditions imposed
an imperative obligation on
the respondent.
Collector of Land Revenue (JB) v South Malaysua Industries Bhd [1978] 1 MLJ 130
182. PENYITAAN KERANA KEGAGALAN
MEMBAYAR SEWA (S.97-S.100 KTN)
Pemilik gagal bayar
sewa
PentadbirTanah
sahkan Borang 6A
PentadbirTanah
akan memberi satu
Salinan Borang 6A
BAYAR
PENUH
SELESAI
PROSES SITA
BERMULA
POW HINGV REGISTER OF TITLES,
MALACCA
[ 1981] 1 MLJ 155
: Endorsmen adalah syarat mandatori
S.97
KTN
S.99
KTN
S.100
KTNKhoo Cheng & Ors v PentadbirTanah
Muar [2008] 3 MLJ 534
PentadbirTanah Daerah Seberang Perai
Tengah & Anor v Bagan Serai Housing
Estate Sdn Bhd [2016] 8 CLJ 846 East Union(Malaya) Sdn Bhd v
Government of the State of Johor
[1981] 1MLJ151
An appeal against forfeiture on the
ground that s100 NLC was ultra vires
the FC was dismissed
Appeals
outside
of
S.134(2)
may not
succeed
183. PROSEDUR UNTUK PENYITAAN
Borang 7B
(Notis tunjuk
sebab)
[S.98(1)KTN]
Pemilik tanah
kena muncul
sebelum tamat
tempoh notis
S.129(4)KTN
Pentadbir
Tanah akan
membuat
siasatan
-Kalau perlanggaran
diremedikan,notis
penyitaan akan
dibatalkan.
-PBN boleh lanjutkan
masa untuk
meremedikan
perlanggaran.
-PBN perlu maklumkan
apa yang perlu
dilakukan untuk
remedikan perlanggaran
tersebut
S.130 (1) KTN :
Notis rampasan akan
diwartakan
[Borang 8A]
Rampasan
dikuatkusakan
Che Minah v Pentadbir Tanah
Daerah Besut
(2002) AMR 2473
Failed to specify
precisely what the
plaintiff need to do to
remedy the breach
184. KESAN PENYITAAN
• Tanah akan dikembalikan kepada PBN
• Pemilik Tanah dilepaskan daripada sebarang pemilikanS.131 KTN
• PBN boleh beri hakmilik kepada orang lain jika tiada rayuan dalam
tempoh 3 bulan.
• Jika terdapat rayuan, perlu tunggu rayuan selesai.
S.132 KTN
• PBN akan dapat semua bangunan yang ada di atas tanah tanpa
perlu membayar sebarang pampasan.
PEMUNGUT HASIL TANAHV
UMBC
[1981] 2 MLJ 264
185. HAK PEMILIK UNTUK MERAYU
S134(2) KTN
Rayuan tak
berdasarkan alasan:
tidak akan dibenarkan
(UMBC v Pemungut
Hasil KotaTinggi)
S.133 KTN
Jika tiada alasan untuk merayu, mohon
pembatalan(bayar ganti rugi)
- Budi bicara PBN
- Penyitaan sebab tak bayar sewa: bayar
maksimum 6 kali ganda jumlah di hutang
- Penyitaan sebab perlanggaran syarat: bayar
kos perbelanjaan disebabkan oleh rampasan
itu.
S.134 + S.418
KTN
-Dalam masa 3 bulan
-2 alasan:
- PBN tak ikut syarat KTN
- Perintah penyitaan tak
menurut peruntukan KTN
If no appeal has
been lodge, the SA
may re-alienate the
land after the
expiry of 3 months
period to appeal
under S418 NLC
187. TUTORIAL QUESTION
• GROUP 1 & GROUP 2
– Hassan is an owner of a piece of land in Kampung Pisang. On 25 March 1980, Hassan decided to sell his land to
Ahmad who is his friend since primary school and they signed a Sale and Purchase Agreement on that particular
date. A Memorandum of Transfer (MoT) was executed on 5 May 1980 and Ahmad also executed a charge to a
bank and already paid a deposit of RM50,000 to Hassan. The MOT was presented for registration and apparently
got cancelled. The reason given, on the title, carries the following indorsement ‘restriction in interest’. The land
hereby leased shall not be transferred or leased for a period of 15 years without the consent of the Ruler in council’.
Hassan argued that the restriction in interest which connotes the period of 15 years had lapse since the date he
obtained the alienation of land and paid full payment of premiums and other fees. The State Authority in their
defense claimed that alienation of land shall only take effect upon registration and the period of restriction in
interest is relevant.
• Advice Hassan – Group 1
• Advice Ahmad – Group 2
188. TUTORIAL QUESTION
• Group 3
– Maisarah was a registered proprietor of land held under the category of ‘agriculture’ in Besut. There were several buildings on
the land including a convenient store and a surau. The Besut Land office write to notify Maisarah that there was as breach of an
implied condition under Section 115 of the NLC and asked for Maisarah to apply for change of category of land within 14 days.
When Maisarah applied for a change of category, her application was rejected. Then, Maisarah was asked to show cause why the
land should not be forfeited. The enquiry then proceeded ex-parte and an order was made for Maisarah to remedy the breach
within 15 days failing which further action will be taken under NLC without any clear instructions on what Maisarah should do
to remedy the breach.Advice Maisarah.
• Group 4
– Mah Las Sdn Bhd owns an industrial land in Skudai, Johor Bahru which was held under a 60 year lease. There were two express
condition on the title namely, “1. the land is to be used solely for erection of a factory and 2. this land is only for light industry”. Mah Las
Sdn Bhd apparently had rented out the land to a urea company that used a portion of the land to store industrial chemicals and
fertilisers. It came to the knowledge of the State authority that there was a breach of condition and issued notice under Form 7A
under S.128 NLC requiring the breach to be remedied within one month. Mah Las Sdn Bhd failed to do so and the State
Authority was asked to show cause on why the land should not be forfeited. During the enquiry, Mah Las Sdn Bhd admitted to
the breach and asked for time to evict the Urea Company and was given 3 months to do so. But apparently Mah Las Sdn Bhd
claimed for a declaration that against the State Authority alleging that the proceedings against them were illegal. Advice Mah Las
Sdn Bhd
190. Your Logo or Name Here
Land Use under Malaysian
Torrens
Subjected to substantial restrictions and conditions
imposed by the State Authority itself under the National
Land Code 1965.
Or
Regulated by private agreements between the
landowners themselves.
Imposition and regulation of
such conditions and
restrictions by the SA
Serve as a limitation and as a
means of control of land use
Conditions & restrictions
relate to categories of land
use
Can also be between private
landowners
To grant @ curtail is rights
over the land in favour of
another landowner-
easement, restrictive
covenants or by contract.
2Dr Nadia Aziz
191. Your Logo or Name Here
CLASSIFICATION AND USE OF LAND
Classification and
use of land- S.52
NLC
Jenis penggunaan tanah
Conditions and
restriction in
interest
Syarat dan sekatan
kepentingan
Town land
Tanah bandar
Village land
Tanah desa
Mana-mana tanah yang tidak
diwartakan sebagai tanah bandar
dan pekan
Country land
Tanah pekan
3Dr Nadia Aziz
Every alienated
land-
S.76 NLC
CLASIFICATION
OF LAND
Land above
shoreline
Foreshore and
seabed
Bidangkuasa: PBN
S.11 KTN : PBN dalam warta boleh bahagikan negeri kepada Daerah, daerah kecil, dan mukim, serta
boleh mengubah atay meminda sempadan daerah, daerah kecil, mukim, bandar, dan pekan
192. Your Logo or Name Here
KATEGORI TANAH BERDASARKAN JENIS KEGUNAANNYA (S.52 KTN)
Bangunan
Building
Pertanian
Agriculture
Perindustrian
Industry
4
Does this apply to non-citizens and foreign companies?
Peranan : Memudahkan perancangan pembangunan, penentuan cukai tanah, penentuan
kadaran, dll.
PALING PENTING: untuk menentukan syarat tersirat penggunaan tanah yang ditetapkan dalam
KTN & mana-mana undang-undang bertulis lain
Dr Nadia Aziz
193. Your Logo or Name Here
Non-Citizen & Foreign Companies
Non-citizens and Foreign Companies
may acquire or deal in, inter alia,
land subject to the category
-agriculture @
-residential @
-commercial properties or
an interest therein only with prior
approval in writing of the State
Authority.
5
S. 433A – S.433H
NLC
Dr Nadia Aziz
194. Your Logo or Name Here
TANAH DIBERIMILIK SEBELUM 1 JANUARI 1966
Tanah desa/pekan/bandar yang
dipegang oleh Pejabat Tanah :
Digunakan untuk tujuan
pertanian SAHAJA
Tanah bandar&pekan yang
dipegang oleh Pejabat Pendaftar:
Tidak boleh digunakan untuk
tujuan pertanian atau
perindustrian
Seksyen 53 & 54 KTN
6
GARDEN CITY BHD v COLLECTOR OF LAND
REVENUE, FEDERAL TERRITORY
[1982] 2 MLJ 98
: “Perkataan Pajakan Untuk Tanah Pertanian”
Dr Nadia Aziz
195. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT DAN SEKATAN
KEPENTINGAN
Setiap tanah berimilik (alienated
land) tertakluk kepada syarat
dan sekatan kepentingan.
7Dr Nadia Aziz
196. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT v SEKATAN KEPENTINGAN
Syarat
• Perkara-perkara yang mengikat penggunaan
tanah samada dalam bentuk kewajipan yang
mesti dipenuhi atau larangan.
• Dikuatkuasakan oleh PBN melalui prosedur
dan langkah-langkah tertentu seperti denda,
arahan remedy dan perlucuthakkan.
Sekatan
Kepentingan
• Sekatan yang dikenakan bagi kepentingan
yang ada pada tanah berkenaan seperti
larangan ke atas pemunya tanah untuk
melakukan pecah bahagian, pecah sempadan,
penyatuan, pajakan, gadaian, dan urusniaga
lain.
• Dikuatkuasakan oleh pihak yang
mengenepikan sekatan yang ditetapkan.
8Dr Nadia Aziz
197. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT DAN SEKATAN KEPENTINGAN
9
Definisi Syarat
(S.5 & S.103 KTN)
-Perlaksanaan berterusan
“Hidup bersama tanah”
(S.104 KTN)
-Syarat berkaitan dengan tanah
Jangkamasa
S.105(1)- mula dari tarikh pemberimilkan tanah
S105(2)- terus berkuatkuasa sehingga perkembalian tanah
s.106- tempoh tetap
Perlanjuatan masa
S.107 – PBN boleh benarkan
tempoh tambahan
-mesti diendorskan
Dr Nadia Aziz
198. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT NYATA v SYARAT TERSIRAT
SYARAT NYATA
• Syarat yang dinyatakan dengan jelas di dalam dokumen
hak milik, instrument urusniaga atau perjanjian.
• Konteks pemberimilikan, syarat nyata adalah syarat yang
tertulis dalam dokumen hak milik
SYARAT TERSIRAT
• Syarat yang tidak dinyatakan di dalam hak milik,
instrumenn urusniaga atau perjanjian, tetapi ia mengikat
pihak yang terlibat.
• Dapat difahami melalui peruntukan undang-undang atau
melalui kebiasaan.
• KTN menyenaraikan syarat tersirat yang terpakai untuk
semua jenis tanah dan mengikut kategori.
10Dr Nadia Aziz
199. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT – SYARAT NYATA
11
• Syarat nyata & sekatan kepentingan dikenakan
bila pemberimilikan dibuat dibawah akta iniS.120
• Kategori PertanianS. 121
• Kategori Bangunan dan PerindustrianS.122
SYARAT NYATA MESTI TERTERA
DI DALAM DOKUMEN HAK
MILIK
Tanah yang
diberimilik tertakluk
kepada satu
kategori sahaja
PENGARAH TANAH DAN GALIAN, WILAYAH
PERSEKUTUAN v SRI LEMPAH ENTERPRISE
[1979] 1 MLJ 135
: “Kuasa PBN Terhad”
IPOH GARDEN v PENGARAH TANAH GALIAN PERAK
[1979] 1 MLJ 271 Dr Nadia Aziz
200. Your Logo or Name Here
SYARAT TERSIRAT
12
Bangunan
S.116
Bangunan didirikan dalam
tempoh 2 tahun
-tidak boleh diubahsuai
tanpa kebenaran bertulis
PBN
Perindustrian
S.117 KTN
Mula beroperasi 3 tahun
dari tarikh berkaitan
Pertanian
S. 115 KTN
Permulaan
mengerjakan tanah –
12 bulan
Seluruh kawasan – 3
tahun
Dikerjkan secara
berterusan
DIKENALI SEBAGAI SYARAT
TERSIRAT KERANA TIDAK
DICATAT SEBAGAI SYARAT
NYATA DALAM DOKUMEN HAK
MILIK
Dr Nadia Aziz
201. Your Logo or Name Here
PERCANGGAHAN
13
SYARAT
NYATA
SYARAT
TERSIRAT
Jika terdapat
percanggahan di
antara syarat
nyata dengan
syarat tersirat :
SYARAT NYATA
AKAN
DIGUNAKAN
(S.115(3),
S.116(3),
S.117(2) KTN)
Jika undang-undang kecil bercanggah dengan syarat &
kepentingan: Syarat nyata akan digunakan (S.108 KTN) Dr Nadia Aziz
202. Your Logo or Name Here
SEKATAN KEPENTINGAN
14
Sekatan kepentingan
: Tidak boleh pindah
milik@ pajak dalam
masa 15 Tahun
Tanah
diberimilik
1964
Pendaftaran
1967
Pemberianmilik
hanya
berkuatkuasa
selepas
pendaftaran
(S.78(3) KTN)
Sekatan
kepentingan
berkuatkuasa
dari tarikh
pemberimilkan
tanah
(S.105 KTN)
Sistem Torrens:
“Pendaftaran adalah
segala-galanya”
Dr Ti Teow Seow & Ors v Pendaftar Geran-Geran Tanah Negeri Selangor
[1982] 1 MLJ 38
Dr Nadia Aziz
203. Your Logo or Name Here
PERLANGGARAN
SYARAT
MENURUT KTN
Pemunya yang
menerima
pemberimilikan akan
terus menikmati tanah
selagi ia dianggap
pemilik sah
Pemunya berdaftar adalah
muktamad dan tidak boleh
disangkal
PBN berhak untuk
melakukan penyitaan
(forfeiture) jika
pemunya tidak
mematuhi syarat atau
tidak membayar cukai
sewa tahunan.
15Dr Nadia Aziz
209. STRATA : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Since
independent,
real estate
especially in the
70s started
towards the
development of
multi-storey
buildings with
integrated
recreational
facilities.
In the NLC,
Sec. 151-157,
161-163 & 355-
374 was
introduced -
use the term of
a subsidiary.
Due to the
development
of time &
technology, the
provision in the
NLC is
insufficient.
210. • NLC was amended several times - 1977, 1979 and 1981.
• The provisions in the NLC on the subsidiary titles have been
abolished.
• The Strata Titles Act 1985 (Act 318) ("STA") was introduced;
However, this Act should be read conjunctively with the NLC
The STA allows the issuance of strata titles.
No longer the subsidiary titles.
211. Strata titles - separate
individual titles issued to:-
- units of houses,
apartments or offices
within a development that
shares common facilities
such as gated & guarded
communities, security, car
parks and facilities
governed by a common
owner.
212. maintenance charges
- to be used for daily upkeep of
the property and for minor
works in order to keep the
property in good shape.
-this includes paying for cleaning
services, carrying out inspections
on the electrical wirings or water
tanks.
Sinking funds
-to be used for bigger and pricier
things such as repainting the
common property or replacing
any fixtures in the common
property.
Two common charges :
(i) maintenance charges & (ii) sinking fund
214. Who can
apply for
subdivision
of the
building?
7. (1) The proprietor of
any alienated land on
which there is any building
or land which is capable of
being subdivided under
section 6, may subject to
the provisions of this Act,
apply for the subdivision
thereof to the Director.
215. DR MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
General
requirement -
Application of
Strata Titles
Must be at least 1
building of 2 storey
or more
Building must be
built on alienated
land
Alienated land
must have only 1
lot. If more must
be amalgamated
first
Alienated land
must be under
final title
217. Strata Titles Act 1985:
Sec. 6: Original
6 (1) any building having
two or more floors on
the alienated land held
under the final title can
be subdivided into the
parcels;
Any building on the same
land can be subdivided
as a parcel or an
accessory parcels.
DR MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
218. STRATA TITLES ACT 1985
Following the changing needs of the community and the requirements of
the housing industry, STA (Act 318) has been amended several times.
First time in
1990;
second in 1996;
and
third in 2001.
STA was amended
for the 4th time in
2007 and
took effect in April
2007.
It Introduced the
Building and Common
Property (Maintenance
and Management) Act
2007,
the Commissioner of
Building monitors the
management of the
building by the
Management
Corporation and several
other matters.
219. AMENDMENT
2007
Introduce provisions on computerised
registration system for strata titles.
Provisions for issuance of strata titles for
the development of the Gated Community
(GACOS) Housing.
Strengthen the provisions on the obligation
of the owner to apply for the subdivision of
building .
New provisions on the application of strata
titles for low cost housing schemes
220. Buildings/land capable of being subdivided
➢ Sec 6 STA
Any building or land capable of being subdivided into parcels
(1) Any building having two or more storeys on alienated land
held as one lot under final title (whether Registry or Land Office
title) shall be capable of being subdivided into parcels; and any
land on the same lot shall also be capable of being subdivided
into parcels each of which is to be held under a strata title or an
accessory parcel.
(1A) Any alienated land having two or more buildings held as
one lot under final title (whether Registry or Land Office title)
shall be capable of being subdivided into land parcels each of
which is to be held under a strata title or as an accessory parcel.
223. Amendment -Strata Titles Act 1985
Sec.6: Amendment
DR MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
Amendment
Sec. 6(1) &
(1A):
Any building or
alienated land;
having two or
more buildings
held under final
title can be
subdivided into
parcels/land
parcels will be
held under strata
titles or as an
accessory
parcels.
224. Urban Wellbeing, Housing
and Local Government
Ministry (MHLG)
BCPA
U
nd
er
Th
e
Pu
rvi
e
w
Management of
multi storey
building
- Prior to issuance of strata
titles
- One(1) year after delivery
of vacant possession by the
developer
JMB + Developer
Manage the multi storey
building
Natural Resources and
Environment Ministry (NRE)
STA
Issuance of strata
titles &
Management of multi
storey building
After issuance of strata titles
MC
Manage the multi storey
building
COB
Managing
Agent
A
p
p
oi
nt
supervise
Supervis
e
supervise
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD
229. • The Strata Titles
(Amendment) Act 2013 was
approved by the Yang di-
Pertuan Agong and
subsequently gazetted as
Act A1450 on 7 February
2013.
• It came into forced
on 1st June 2015
and has come into
force in the Federal
Territory of Labuan
as well
STA is amended for 5th time in 2013
230. The StrataTitles Act (Amendment) Act 2013 or Act A1450
is introduced with three main objectives namely:
i. Introduce a new
concept of issuance
of the strata title and
delivery of vacant
possession that can
take place
simultaneously;
ii. Strengthen the existing
Act of Strata Title 1985;
iii. Introduce new
provisions in line
with current needs
and developments.
231. The Building and Common Property
(Maintenance and Management) Act
2007 (Act 663) has been repealed.
substituted with the Strata
Management Act 2013 (Act 757)
which came into force with the Strata
Titles Act 1985 on 1st June 2015.
The Strata Management Act 2013 is
completed by the Strata Management
(Maintenance and Management)
Regulations 2015 which came into
force on 2nd June 2015
232. STRATA TITLES
ACT 1985
Focuses ONLY on
aspects of registration
and issuance of strata
titles
STRATA MANAGEMENT
ACT 2013
Focuses on managing
and maintaining of
stratified buildings
233. Ministry of Housing and Local
Government (MHLG)
SMA
Management
of multi storey
building
JMB + MC
Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment
(NRE)
STA
Issuance of strata titlesCOB
A
p
p
oi
nt
supervise
supervise
DR. MAZLIZA MOHAMAD