Anatomy of Knee Joint

1. Anatomy Of Knee Joint

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Stability of knee joint
• Stabilizing muscle
• capsule of knee joint
• ligament of knee joint
• Bursae around knee joint

3. Introduction
• Type of joint
1. Fibrous or immobile joint
2. Cartilaginous Or slightly moveable joint
3. Synovial Joint

4. Type of synovial joint
1. ball and socket joint
2. Hing Joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Gliding joint
5. Saddle joint
6. Condyloid Joint

5. Knee joint
• The knee joint is the largest and most
superficial joint
• It is hinge type of synovial joint
Consists of 3 articulation
1. Medial femorotibial articulation
2. Lateral femorotibial articulation
3. Femoropatellar articulation

6. Knee joint

7. Knee joint

8. Femur

9. Tibia

10. Tibia

11. Patella
• Is sesamoid bone
• Several ossifi cation centres appear at 3 years
and fuse at puberty .
• A bipartite (or multipartite) patella is a
common variant when the superolateral
corner fails to fuse.

12. Patella

13. Stability Of knee joint
The stability of knee joint depends on
1. the strength and action of the surrounding
muscle and their tendon
2. The ligament that connect the femur and
tibia
 the erect, extended position is the most
stable position of the knee joint

14. Muscle For Stabilizing Knee Joint
Quadriceps Femoris

16. Pes Anserinus Muscle

17. Ilio- tibial Tract

18. Capsule Of Knee Joint
• It is consisting of fibrous capsule and synovial
membrane

19. Fibrous capsule
Superiorly , fibrous layer attaches to the femur,
just proximal to the articular margin of the
condyles
Inferiorly ,margin of the superior articular surface
of tibia except where the tendon of popliteus
crosses the bone
Posteriorly, encloses the condyles and the
intercondylar fossa. It has an opening to allow the
tendon of popliteus to pass
Anteriorly, the quadriceps tendon and patellar
ligament replace the fibrous layer

21. Synovial membrane
• Superiorly, it continuous with synovial lining of
suprapatelar bursa
• Posteriorly, an anterior synovium reflection
from the capsule covers the front and sides of
the cruciate ligament , rendering them
intracapsular but extrasynovial

22. Extracapsular Ligament Of Knee Joint
1 patellar ligament
Receives the medial and lateral patelar
retinacula play important role in maintaining
alignment of patella

24. 2 lateral collateral ligament(FCL
• Tendon of popliteus separating FCL from the
lateral meniscus
• Tendon of biceps femoris is split into two part
by the FCL

25. FCL

26. 3 medial collateral ligament (TCL
• TLC are firmly attached to the medial
meniscus
• The TCL , weaker than the FCL ,is more often
damaged

27. TCL

28. 4 oblique popliteal ligament
• Is atendinous expansion derived from the
semimembranosus muscle
• It strengthens the posterior aspect of the
capsule

30. Arcuate Popliteal Ligament
It arises from the posterior aspect of the fibula
head ,passes superomedially over the tendon of
the popliteus surface of the knee joint

31. Intra articular ligament
1 anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)
• Arise from the anterior
intercondylar area of tibia
to attach to the posterior
part of the medial side of
lateral condyle of femur
• Weaker than PCL
• Has relatively poor blood
supply

32. 2 posterior cruciate ligament
• Arise from posterior
intercondylar area of
the tibia to attached to
anterior part of the
lateral surface of the
medial femoral condyle

33. Menisci of the knee joint
• Are crescentric plates of fibrocartilage on the
articular surface of the tibia that deepen the
surface and play a role in shock absorption
• The coronary ligaments are portion of the
joint capsule extending between the margins
of the menisci and most of the periphery of
the tibial condyle
• Transverse ligament of knee joins the anterior
edge of menisci

35. Medial meniscus
• Mesial meniscus firmly adheres to the deep
surface of TCL
• Is less mobile on the tibial plateau than is the
lateral meniscus

36. Lateral meniscus
• Is smaller and
more freely
movable than the
median meniscus
• Posterior
meniscofemoral
ligament joins
the lateral
meniscus to PCL
and the medial
femoral condyle

37. Bursae around knee joint
• They are found wherever skin ,muscle ,or
tendon rubs against bone
• Four bursae communicate with the synovial
cavity of knee joint
1. Suprapatellar bursa
2. Popliteus bursa
3. Anserine bursa
4. Gastrocnemius bursa

39. Reference
• Moore- clinically oriented anatomy
• Netter atlas Of human Anatomy
• Applied Radiologic anatomy

40. Thank you