SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 4
Download to read offline
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
1
‫اﻟرﺣﯾم‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺳم‬
‫أﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬
1-1‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﯾﯾد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣدﯾث‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗطوﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻌدل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻫﺎﺋ‬ ‫اﯾد‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺗ‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬
‫ى‬‫وﻧر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﻣﻊ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ام‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻋ‬‫اﻟﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﺗﻐزو‬ ‫ﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﺑﺗﻛﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗطو‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻣﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻔرض‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻔﺎدة‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻣ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻛﻣﺎش‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺻدم‬‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫خ‬‫اﻟﺷرو‬ ‫اﺗﺳﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‬
‫اﻟﺗرﻣﯾم‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻐط‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﺑدرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ﺗو‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬
‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻫم‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬.
‫ﺗوﺿﻊ‬‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫وذﻟك‬ ‫اﺋﻲ‬‫و‬‫ﻋﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ـل‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎن‬‫اﺑطﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ـل‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺗو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎح‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠوﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻻق‬‫اﻧز‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻘﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺣدوث‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬
‫ﺻﻣﻣت‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣل‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﻣﻠﻪ‬.
‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺣﺎث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾت‬‫ر‬‫أﺟ‬ ‫ﻋدﯾدة‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻔﯾﻪ‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬
‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬)‫ا‬‫ﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫ﺣدﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫زﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫اﻷرﻣﯾد‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬-‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬
‫ﺑروﺑﯾﻠﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ‬…(.
‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬(Carbon fibers)‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﺑوﻟﯾﻣ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫طﺑﯾﻌﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻏم‬‫ﺑﺎﻟر‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺗرب‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﺗﺻدق‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻧك‬ ‫ﻟدرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﯾك‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺣد‬‫إن‬‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﯾﺣل‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
2
‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻬﻧدﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﯾﺧﯾف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻗﻊ‬‫و‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ً‫ا‬‫ﺟد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻣﯾز‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺻل‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺿﻌﺎف‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬.
‫أي‬‫إن‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻠﻠﯾﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌدى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫إن‬‫ﻗﺿﯾب‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﺗﺣل‬
‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺳﻣك‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟذا‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬
‫ﻏﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟر‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄ‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ‬‫ﺗﺷو‬ ‫اى‬‫ﺑطﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻐطﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻫﺎت‬
‫وﺟود‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷطﯾب‬‫أي‬‫اﺛر‬‫ﻹﻋﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎع‬‫ر‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﺗﻣت‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫أو‬ ،‫اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺿﯾق‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﺻﻌب‬.
1-2‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻛــﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌظﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطور‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺷك‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﺎوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬
‫ﺻﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطور‬ ‫ادﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﻔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻣت‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﺎوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬
‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬(FRP).
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠون‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻛن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟطﻠب‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬
‫ﯾﺗﺟﺎﻫﻠون‬‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫زﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻋن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬
‫ﺑﺎح‬‫ر‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫دﺧول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوة‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬‫ﻌد‬‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾد‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗ‬‫ﺧﺻﺻﯾن‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻬﻠون‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺢ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎر‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻛﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺎل‬
‫ﺟودة‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫اﻧﺧﻔﺎض‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﺳوء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳف‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺣﻧﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﻓﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﻧﺧﻔﺎض‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﻣﯾم‬ ‫و‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
3
1-3‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫أﻫداف‬
‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻫداف‬ ‫ﻣن‬:
-‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳطﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﻪ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾﻪ‬
-‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرف‬)ANSYS(‫اﺳطﺗﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫وﺛم‬.
-‫اﻛﺳﯾل‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﺳطﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬
-‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرف‬.
-‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﻐﯾ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺷ‬ ‫ﻟﺗدﻋﯾﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬.
-‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻋﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻛﻣ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻬﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘق‬
‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻟﻘوى‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﺿﺔ‬.
-‫ﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫وﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺋﯾﺳﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬.
1-4‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺣدود‬
1-4-1‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﺣدود‬:
1-4-2‫اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
4
ً‫اﺑﺗداء‬‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬ ‫ﻣن‬٢٠١٥‫م‬–‫أﻛﺗوﺑر‬٢٠١٥‫م‬.
1-4-3‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬:
‫اﻟﺧرطوم‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫اﻧﺣﺻرت‬.
1-5‫اﺳﻪ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺧص‬:
‫اﻟﺗﺷﺷﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺿد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻋﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺑﯾﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌددي‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺑﺎ‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﻣﺷرو‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟط‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫و‬ANSYS.
‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺗم‬‫ﺧﻣﺳﻪ‬‫اب‬‫و‬‫اﺑ‬،‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﺗدﻫور‬ ‫اﺳﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬‫ﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻣدوﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﻣوذج‬ ‫ﻟﯾدوﯾﻪ‬
،‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻣذﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬ ‫اﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬ANSYS،‫وﻧﺟد‬
‫اﻟﺗ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﻪ‬‫وﺻﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎت‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

1 الباب الاول

  • 1. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 1 ‫اﻟرﺣﯾم‬ ‫اﻟرﺣﻣن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺳم‬ ‫أﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬ 1-1‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﯾﯾد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣدﯾث‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗطوﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻌدل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻫﺎﺋ‬ ‫اﯾد‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﺗ‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫ى‬‫وﻧر‬ ‫ﻧﺳﻣﻊ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﺣد‬‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻣر‬ ‫ﯾﻌد‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ام‬‫و‬‫اﻷﻋ‬‫اﻟﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﻫذا‬ ‫ﺗﻐزو‬ ‫ﺟدﯾدة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﺑﺗﻛﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗطو‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻣﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﻔرض‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻔﺎدة‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻛﻣﺎش‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺻدم‬‫و‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬‫خ‬‫اﻟﺷرو‬ ‫اﺗﺳﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﻣﯾم‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫اﻟﺿﻐط‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻛﺑﯾ‬ ‫ﺑدرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫ﺗو‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ٕ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻫم‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬. ‫ﺗوﺿﻊ‬‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫وذﻟك‬ ‫اﺋﻲ‬‫و‬‫ﻋﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ـل‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎن‬‫اﺑطﻬﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ـل‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺗو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎح‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠوﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻻق‬‫اﻧز‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻘﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺣدوث‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺻﻣﻣت‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣل‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺣﻣﻠﻪ‬. ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺑﺣﺎث‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾت‬‫ر‬‫أﺟ‬ ‫ﻋدﯾدة‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻔﯾﻪ‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺧ‬)‫ا‬‫ﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫ﺣدﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫زﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬–‫اﻷرﻣﯾد‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬-‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﺑروﺑﯾﻠﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺑوﻟﻲ‬…(. ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬(Carbon fibers)‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﺑوﻟﯾﻣ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫طﺑﯾﻌﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻏم‬‫ﺑﺎﻟر‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺗرب‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﺗﺻدق‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻧك‬ ‫ﻟدرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻼﺳﺗﯾك‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺣد‬‫إن‬‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﯾﺣل‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺊ‬ ‫ﻫذا‬
  • 2. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 2 ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻬﻧدﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﯾﺧﯾف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫو‬ ‫اﻗﻊ‬‫و‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ً‫ا‬‫ﺟد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻣﯾز‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺻل‬ ‫ﻗد‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺿﻌﺎف‬ ‫ﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬. ‫أي‬‫إن‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻣﻠﻠﯾﻣﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌدى‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫إن‬‫ﻗﺿﯾب‬ ‫ﻣﺣل‬ ‫ﺗﺣل‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺳﻣك‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟذا‬ ‫اﻟﺷد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫ﻏﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟر‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄ‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ‬‫ﺗﺷو‬ ‫اى‬‫ﺑطﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻐطﯾﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫ﻫﺎت‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷطﯾب‬‫أي‬‫اﺛر‬‫ﻹﻋﻣﺎل‬‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎع‬‫ر‬‫ﻻ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ﺗﻣت‬‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫أو‬ ،‫اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺿﯾق‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻧظ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﺻﻌب‬. 1-2‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﻣﺷﻛــﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطور‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺷك‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫أﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﺎوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺻﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗطور‬ ‫ادﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟطﻔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫﻣت‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺷﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﺎوﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬(FRP). ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠون‬ ‫أﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻛن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟطﻠب‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻋدد‬ ‫ازدﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺟﺎﻫﻠون‬‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫زﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻋن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﺑﺎح‬‫ر‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧر‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫دﺧول‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوة‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﯾﻬم‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬‫ﻌد‬‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗ‬‫ﺧﺻﺻﯾن‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻬﻠون‬ ‫اﻟذﯾن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺢ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﻊ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺳ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎر‬ ‫اع‬‫و‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ع‬‫ﻛﻧو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺟودة‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫اﻧﺧﻔﺎض‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﺳوء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳف‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺣﻧﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣور‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺎدة‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺿﻰ‬‫ر‬‫اﻻﻓﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻋﻣر‬ ‫اﻧﺧﻔﺎض‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺗرﻣﯾم‬ ‫و‬.
  • 3. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 3 1-3‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫أﻫداف‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻟﻬذﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻫداف‬ ‫ﻣن‬: -‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﺳطﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﻪ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾﻪ‬ -‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرف‬)ANSYS(‫اﺳطﺗﻪ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫وﺛم‬. -‫اﻛﺳﯾل‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﺳطﺔ‬‫و‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ -‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اد‬‫و‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرف‬. -‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺗﻐﯾ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺷ‬ ‫ﻟﺗدﻋﯾﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬. -‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻋﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﻠﻛﻣ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻬﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘق‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻟﻘوى‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﺿﺔ‬. -‫ﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫وﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫اﺋﺢ‬‫ر‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺋﯾﺳﻲ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدﯾد‬‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛﻣ‬. 1-4‫اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺣدود‬ 1-4-1‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﺣدود‬: 1-4-2‫اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬:
  • 4. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ 4 ً‫اﺑﺗداء‬‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬ ‫ﻣن‬٢٠١٥‫م‬–‫أﻛﺗوﺑر‬٢٠١٥‫م‬. 1-4-3‫اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣدود‬: ‫اﻟﺧرطوم‬ ‫ﻻﯾﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫اﻧﺣﺻرت‬. 1-5‫اﺳﻪ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟد‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺧص‬: ‫اﻟﺗﺷﺷﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺿد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑون‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻣدﻋﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺑﯾﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌددي‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺑﺎ‬ ‫ع‬‫اﻟﻣﺷرو‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻪ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﺎﻟط‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫و‬ANSYS. ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺗم‬‫ﺧﻣﺳﻪ‬‫اب‬‫و‬‫اﺑ‬،‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬‫ﺗدﻫور‬ ‫اﺳﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬‫ﯾطﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻣدوﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﻣوذج‬ ‫ﻟﯾدوﯾﻪ‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻣذﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ر‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوي‬ ‫اﺑﻊ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬ANSYS،‫وﻧﺟد‬ ‫اﻟﺗ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﻪ‬‫وﺻﯾﺎت‬‫اﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎت‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺧﺎﻣس‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.