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Costoclavicular BPB
Boohwi Hong
koho0127@gmail.com
2021. 11.
Classic,
Lateral infraclavicular,
Paracoracoid,
Sagittal,
Distal
Proximal,
Costoclavicular
Introduction
Introduction
20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine
Rapid sensory and motor onset time
(5 [5–15] and 5 [5–10] minutes)
Block Character
25 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine
Faster onset of sensory blockade and
earlier readiness for surgery
Block Character
35 mL of mixture of
1% lidocaine – 0.25% bupivacaine
Septum
Piercing the septum
evoked motor responses from
the medial or posterior cord.
Septum, Two Compartment
Double injection
35 mL
Volume
19-ml dose of 0.5% ropivacaine is likely to produce
an effective ultrasound-guided costoclavicular block
for providing adequate surgical anesthesia to 95% of
the patients.
MEV90 of 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound-
guided CC-BPB is 20.92 (95% CI, 20.65 to 21.80) ml.
Continuity with Supraclavicular space
Shoulder Surgery
감사합니다
Boohwi Hong
koho0127@gmail.com

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Costoclavicular BPB Anesthesia Review

Editor's Notes

  1. 안녕하십니까? 충남대학교병원 홍부휘입니다. 이달의 영상의 Costoclavicular BPB입니다.
  2. 클래식한 Infraclavicular block은 lateral infraclavicular fossa에서 이렇게 parasaggital plane에서 시행되는 방법입니다. 보시는것처럼 세개의 코드가 axillary artery를 주변에서 감싸고 있고 각각의 코드는 서로 떨어져 있습니다. Costo clavicular block은 clavicle 바로 밑에 probe를 위치시켜 기존의 infraclavicular 보다 좀더 proximal 위치에서 세개의 cord가 aa 의 바깥쪽에 모여있을때 시행하게 됩니다.
  3. 이 3 코드의 위치관계가 서로간에 매우 일정하게 배치되어 있고 타이트하게 모여있는 점이 costoclavicular block의 장점입니다.
  4. Sonoanatomy와 technique, block dynamic 이 소개된 이 논문에서는 세 코드의 중간에 20ml을 주입하였더니 sensory와 motor median onset time이 5분으로 매우 빠른 온셋을 보였습니다.
  5. 기존의 Lateral sagittal approach와 비교해보았을때도, 더 빠른 센서리와 모터 온셋과 surgical readiness를 보였습니다.
  6. 다른 비슷한 설계의 연구에서는 costoclaviaulr와 paracoracoid 간에 온셋타임과 성공률에 큰 차이가 없다는 결과도 있지만, 그 연구에서는 상대적으로 많은 볼륨을 사용했기 때문으로 생각됩니다.
  7. Costoclavicular space 에서 cord들은 septum에 의해 이렇게 두 부분으로 나뉘어 있는데 medial과 post cord가 밑부분 post compartment에 있고, lateral cord가 위부분 ant compartment 에 따로 위치합니다.
  8. 블럭전에는 그 septum이 잘 보이지는 않지만 국소마취제를 주입하다보면 septum을 관찰할 수 있고 그 seputum을 뚫고 양쪽 compartment에 나눠서 줘야 성공적인 블록을 기대할 수 있습니다.
  9. 실제로 양쪽 compartment에 각각 나누어 인젝션 했을때 시술시간을 함께 고려하더라도 single injection에 비해 더 빠른 온셋을 보입니다.
  10. Effective volume은 대략 20 ml 정도로 보고 되고 있고, 제 경험으로는 20~ 25 ml 이내면 충분한 것 같습니다.
  11. Costoclavicular space는 supraclavicular space 와 매우 가깝고 연속적인 공간으로 생각됩니다.
  12. 최근 발표된 이 카데바 연구에서는 costoclavicular space에 20ml의 dye를 주입하였더니, supraclavicular space의 trunk 들과 suprascapular nerve까지 잘 퍼지면서, phrenic nerve의 염색은 관찰되지 않았다고 합니다. 그래서 어깨 수술에 CCB의 진통효과를 기대하면서 횡격막 마비를 피할수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있습니다.
  13. 그래서 이 연구에 의하면 ISB과 비교하여 동등한 진통효과를 보인다고 하고, HDP 도 관찰되지 않았다고 합니다. 하지만 연구마다 HDP의 정의나 통증점수의 동등성 한계 설정 등이 다를수 있기 때문에 좀 더 많은 연구들이 진행되어야만 하겠습니다.  
  14. Probe의 위치는 이처럼 clavicle의 중간의 하방에 붙히고 약간 상방으로 틸팅하여 세개의 코드와 AA가 잘보이는 면을 찾습니다. In CCB group, patients were placed in a supine position with the ipsilateral limb abducted at an angle of 60-90 degrees. A transverse scan was performed immediately below the midpoint of the clavicle and over the medial infraclavicular fossa. Maintaining the same position, the transducer was gently tilted cephalad to direct the ultrasound beam toward the costoclavicular space, defined as the space between the posterior surface of the clavicle and the second rib. The ultrasound image was optimised until all three cords of the brachial plexus were visualised lateral to the axillary artery. Using an in-plane technique and a lateral-to-medial direction, a block needle was advanced until its tip was located in the middle of the three cords. Initially, 10–15 ml of local anesthetic was injected between the medial and posterior cord. The needle was then slightly withdrawn and its tip was relocated adjacent to the lateral cord, and an additional 5–10 ml of anesthetic was injected.
  15. 이때 팔을 약간 벌려주면 구조물들의 위치를 좀더 얕게 만들수 있습니다. 하지만 상대적으로 대흉근이 발달하신분들은 팔을 올리면서 clavicle하방에 프로브를 유지시키기 어려운경우가 있기도 합니다.
  16. 세 코드의 중앙을 향해 바늘을 삽입하여 약간의 볼륨을 주입하면 fascia가 밀리는 것이 관찰되는데 이때 안쪽으로 퍼지는 영상이 관찰되지 않는다면 바늘을 좀 더 진입시킵니다. Septum을 뚫을때 약간의pop이 느껴지고 블런트 니들을 쓰면 더욱 잘 느껴집니다. Post compartmen에 약 10~15 ml을 주입하고 이후에 lateral cord가 있는 ant. Compartment에 5~10ml 을 주입합니다. 간혹 코드들 사이로 주행하는 AA에서 기시하는 혈관이 관찰될 수 있기 때문에 CCSd에서도 prescan을 하시길 추천드립니다. 경청해주셔서 감사합니다.