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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION.pptx
1. الرحيم الرحمن هللا بسم
القضارف جامعة
Faculty of Medical Laboratory
Sciences
Cell Biology
Introduction to the course
:
Presented by
HASSAN ELNUR ADAM M.Sc
2. Introduction to the Study of
Cell Biology
Objectives
A brief outline of the early history of cell
biology.
Familiarize with the basic properties of
all cells.
Describe the differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. • Biology = science of life
– Characteristics, classification and behaviors of
organisms,
– how species and individuals come into
existence, and
– the interactions they have with each other and
with their environment.
4. • Modern biology is divided into 2 categories
based on primary level of focus:
–Organismic biology ~ emphasize on biodiversity,
evolutionary relationships , adaptations, and
ecology of plants & animals.
–Molecular & cellular biology
• MB – concerns with interactions between the
various systems of a cell, including the
interrelationship of DNA, RNA, and protein
synthesis and how these interactions are
regulated.
• CB –studies the physiological properties of
cells, as well as their behaviors, interactions,
and environment.
5. Modern Cell Biology
• Involve interweaving of 3 historically distinct
disciplines
1. Cytology (the study of cells)
– Microscopic study of cell structure organization
2. Biochemistry
– chemistry of biological structure & function/cellular
function
3. Genetics
– Information flow
6. The Discovery of Cells
- The cell theory
• The term cell was first used by the English scientist Robert
Hooke (1635-1703), who, in the mid-seventeenth century,
used the term to describe the structure of cork.
• The Dutch scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
made the first recorded observations of bacterial cells
(termed "animalcules") from pond water & tooth scrapings.
• 1830s –importance of cells realised
– 1838 - German botanist Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) observed
that despite differences in tissue structure, all plants tissues were
made of cells.
8. Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.
9. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life functions.
16. Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
