2. CAUSES OF TOOTH LOSS
• CARIES
• PERIODONTAL DISEASES
• TRAUMATIC INJURIES
• CYSTS, MALIGNANCIES AND TUMORS
• RADIATION THERAPY FOR TUMORS
• CONGENITALLY MISSING TEETH
• FAILURE TO ERUPT (IMPACTED TEETH)
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3. SEQUELAE OF TOOTH LOSS
• RESORPTION: THE SOCKET
GRADUALLY REMODELS UNTIL IT
ASSUMES THE SHAPE OF THE
ROUNDED EDENTULOUS RIDGE.
• TILTING
• DRIFTING
• OCCLUSAL DISHARMONY LEADS
TO DISCOMFORT, PAIN, OR
DAMAGE TO
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS.
Assis.Prof.Radhwan Himmadi Hasan 3
4. PARTIAL DENTURE
A PROSTHESIS THAT
REPLACES ONE OR MORE,
BUT NOT ALL OF THE
NATURAL TEETH AND
SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES. IT IS
SUPPORTED BY THE
TEETH AND/OR THE
MUCOSA. IT MAY BE FIXED
(I.E. A BRIDGE) OR
REMOVABLE.
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5. REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE (RPD)
A PARTIAL DENTURE THAT CAN BE REMOVED AND
REPLACED IN THE MOUTH BY THE PATIENT.
; IT IS EITHER ACRYLIC TYPE OR METALLIC TYPE
(COBALT/CHROME)
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6. • FOR ESTHETIC REASON
• FOR PROPER FUNCTION AND OCCLUSION (TO BE ABLE TO
MASTICATE FOOD PROPERLY) .
• TO PREVENT EXTRUSION OF OPPOSING TEETH
(SUPER-ERUPTION), AND MIGRATION OR TILTING OF
ADJACENT TEETH.
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INDICATIONS FOR RPD
7. 4- TO STIMULATE THE UNDERLYING RIDGE AND MUCOSA( PREVENT DISUSE
ATROPHY).
5- TO RESTORE THE PHONETIC PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF
TEETH (ESPECIALLY ANTERIOR TEETH).
6- FOR SUPPORT FACIAL MUSCULATURE (PROPER BALANCE OF MUSCULAR
RELATIONSHIP).
7- TO RESTORE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE PATIENT
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OBJECTIVE OF RPD
8. INDICATIONS FOR RPD
• LENGTH OF
EDENTULOUS: RPD
PREFERRED FOR
LONGER
EDENTULOUS
ARCHES.
• ABUTMENT TOOTH:
WHEN THERE IS NO
TOOTH POSTERIOR
TO THE
EDENTULOUS SPACE
TO ACT AS AN
ABUTMENT, A RPD IS
PREFERRED.
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9. • PERIODONTAL SUPPORT OF
REMAINING TEETH: WHEN IT IS
POOR RPD IS PREFERRED
BECAUSE IT REQUIRES LESS
SUPPORT FROM THE
ABUTMENT TEETH.
• CROSS ARCH STABILIZATION:
WHEN A REMAINING TEETH
HAVE TO BE STABILIZED
AGAINST LATERAL AND
ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR
FORCES, A RPD IS INDICATED.
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10. • EXCESSIVE BONE
LOSS: IN RPD, THE
ARTIFICIAL TOOTH CAN
BE POSITIONED AS PER
THE OPERATORS
PREFERENCES AND THE
DENTURE BASE CAN BE
FABRICATED TO
PROVIDE REQUIRED
SUPPORT AND
AESTHETICS.
• AESTHETICS: RPD
PROVIDE BETTER
AESTHETICS BECAUSE
THE DENTURE BASE
GIVES THE
Assis.Prof.Radhwan Himmadi Hasan 10
11. • IMMEDIATE TOOTH
REPLACEMENT AFTER
EXTRACTION
• EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS: THE
APPOINTMENT FOR
REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE IS SHORTER AND
LESS DEMANDING TO PATIENT.
• PATIENT DESIRES: PATIENT
INSIST ON RPD OVER FPD FOR
THE FOLLOWING REASONS:
• TO AVOID OPERATIVE
PROCEDURES ON NORMAL
TOOTH.
• FOR ECONOMIC REASONS.
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12. COMPONENT OF RPD
• MAJOR CONNECTORS
• MINOR CONNECTORS
• RESTS
• DIRECT RETAINERS
• STABILIZING OR RECIPROCAL COMPONENTS (AS PARTS OF A CLASP
ASSEMBLY)
• INDIRECT RETAINERS (IF THE PROSTHESIS HAS DISTAL EXTENSION
BASES).
• ONE OR MORE BASES EACH SUPPORT ONE TO SEVERAL
REPLACEMENT TEETH.
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13. FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE
• PARTIAL DENTURE THAT LUTES OR OTHERWISE
SECURELY RETAINED TO (NATURAL TEETH, TOOTH
ROOTS, AND/OR DENTAL IMPLANT) THAT FURNISH THE
PRIMARY SUPPORT AND RETENTION FOR THE
PROSTHESIS.
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Indications of fixed partial denture
1. Unilateral bounded edentulous short span.
2. Class IV Kennedy with normal loss of bone.
3. Modification area located anteriorly with class
I and class II Kennedy classification for
simplify the design of removable partial
denture.
14. DENTAL IMPLANT
• THE DENTAL IMPLANTS ARE CONSIDERED ADJUNCTS IN
FIXED AND REMOVABLE THERAPY. HOWEVER, NOT ALL
PATIENTS ARE CANDIDATES FOR DENTAL IMPLANT
THERAPY
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17. • CLASS III: UNILATERAL
EDENTULOUS AREA
WITH NATURAL TEETH
ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR TO IT, I.E.
THIS INDICATES A
SINGLE EDENTULOUS
AREA WHICH DOESN’T
CROSS THE MIDLINE
OF THE ARCH, WITH
TEETH PRESENT ON
BOTH SIDES OF IT.
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18. • CLASS IV:. SINGLE,
BUT (CROSSING THE
MIDLINE) ,
• EDENTULOUS AREA
LOCATED ANTERIOR
TO THE REMAINING
NATURAL TEETH
19. APPLEGATE’S RULES
• RULE 1: CLASSIFICATION SHOULD FOLLOW RATHER
THAN PRECEDE EXTRACTIONS THAT MIGHT ALTER THE
ORIGINAL CLASSIFICATION.
• RULE 2: IF THE THIRD MOLAR IS MISSING AND NOT TO
BE REPLACED, IT IS NOT CONSIDERED IN THE
CLASSIFICATION.
• RULE 3: IF THE THIRD MOLAR IS PRESENT AND IS TO
BE USED AS AN ABUTMENT, IT IS CONSIDERED IN THE
CLASSIFICATION.
• RULE 4: IF THE SECOND MOLAR IS MISSING AND IS
NOT TO BE REPLACED, IT IS NOT CONSIDERED IN THE
CLASSIFICATION.
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20. • RULE 5: THE MOST POSTERIOR EDENTULOUS AREA OR AREAS
ALWAYS DETERMINE THE CLASSIFICATION.
• RULE 6: EDENTULOUS AREAS OTHER THAN THOSE, WHICH
DETERMINE THE CLASSIFICATION, ARE REFERRED TO AS
MODIFICATION SPACES AND ARE DESIGNATED BY THEIR NO:
• RULE 7: THE EXTEND OF THE MODIFICATION IS NOT CONSIDERED,
ONLY THE NO: OF EDENTULOUS AREAS, I.E. THE NO: OF TEETH
MISSING IN THE MODIFICATION SPACES IS NOT CONSIDERED ONLY
THE NO: OF ADDITIONAL EDENTULOUS SPACES ARE CONSIDERED.
• RULE 8: THERE CAN BE NO MODIFICATION AREAS IN CLASS IV.
BECAUSE ANY ADDITIONAL EDENTULOUS SPACE WILL DEFINITELY BE
POSTERIOR TO IT AND WILL DETERMINE THE CLASSIFICATION.
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